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Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
21–39 · Page 2 of 2
Supreme Court of India1993
(1993) 2 SCC 746
State liable to compensate for custodial death; sovereign immunity inapplicable to fundamental-right violations.
Supreme Court of India1992
Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
21–39 · Page 2 of 2
Supreme Court of India1993
(1993) 2 SCC 746
State liable to compensate for custodial death; sovereign immunity inapplicable to fundamental-right violations.
Supreme Court of India1992
(1992) 3 SCC 666
Capitation fees deny the right to education implicit in the right to life.
Supreme Court of India1986
(1986) 3 SCC 596
Safeguards for women and children in custody; jail inspections and legal aid directions.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
(1987) 1 SCC 395
Right to live in a clean and healthy environment is an integral facet of Article 21; evolved the doctrine of absolute liability for hazardous industrial enterprises.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
AIR 1986 SC 180
Right to life includes the right to livelihood, as no person can live without means of sustenance; procedural fairness and natural justice required prior to eviction of pavement dwellers.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(1983) 4 SCC 141
Compensation can be granted under Article 32 for unlawful detention.
Supreme Court of India1981
(1981) 1 SCC 627
Free legal aid to indigent accused is implicit in fair procedure (Bhagalpur blindings case).
Supreme Court of India1981Cited by 2
(1981) 1 SCC 608
Right to life means life with human dignity and not mere animal existence; includes bare necessities of life, nutrition, clothing, shelter, and freedom of movement.
Supreme Court of India1980
(1980) 3 SCC 544
Routine handcuffing of prisoners violates dignity; permitted only with recorded reasons.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(1980) 3 SCC 625
Limited amending power is itself basic; clauses excluding judicial review of amendments struck down; harmony between Parts III and IV.
Supreme Court of India1980Cited by 1
(1980) 2 SCC 360
No imprisonment for inability to pay debt; poverty is no crime.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
(1980) 2 SCC 684
Death penalty under Section 302 IPC can only be awarded in the 'rarest of rare' cases when alternative option of life imprisonment is unquestionably foreclosed; balance sheet of aggravating and mitigating factors. | Rarest of rare doctrine governing capital punishment applied to Section 103 BNS (punishment for murder).
Supreme Court of India1979Cited by 1
(1980) 1 SCC 81
Right to a speedy trial and free legal aid are essential, inalienable ingredients of Article 21 for undertrial prisoners languishing in jails.
Supreme Court of India1978Cited by 4
(1978) 4 SCC 494
Prisoners are not stripped of their fundamental rights; solitary confinement and putting prisoners in bar fetters without judicial sanction violates Article 21.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
AIR 1978 SC 597
Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and equality of treatment; the principle of reasonableness pervades Article 14 like a brooding omnipresence. | Procedure established by law under Article 21 must be just, fair, and reasonable, not arbitrary or fanciful. Established the Golden Triangle connecting Articles 14, 19, and 21.
Supreme Court of India1978Cited by 1
(1978) 3 SCC 544
Free legal aid and supplied judgment copies for prisoner appeals.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
(1973) 4 SCC 225
Established Basic Structure Doctrine; Parliament has wide power to amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368, but cannot alter, damage, or destroy its Basic Structure.
Supreme Court of India1962Cited by 1
AIR 1963 SC 1295
Domiciliary visits by police at night violate personal liberty under Article 21; Subba Rao J. pioneer dissent holding that right to privacy is an essential ingredient of personal liberty.
Supreme Court of India1950Cited by 1
AIR 1950 SC 27
Earliest narrow literalist interpretation of 'procedure established by law' as any state-enacted law without natural justice (later formally overruled by Maneka Gandhi).
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis
(1992) 3 SCC 666
Capitation fees deny the right to education implicit in the right to life.
Supreme Court of India1986
(1986) 3 SCC 596
Safeguards for women and children in custody; jail inspections and legal aid directions.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
(1987) 1 SCC 395
Right to live in a clean and healthy environment is an integral facet of Article 21; evolved the doctrine of absolute liability for hazardous industrial enterprises.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
AIR 1986 SC 180
Right to life includes the right to livelihood, as no person can live without means of sustenance; procedural fairness and natural justice required prior to eviction of pavement dwellers.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(1983) 4 SCC 141
Compensation can be granted under Article 32 for unlawful detention.
Supreme Court of India1981
(1981) 1 SCC 627
Free legal aid to indigent accused is implicit in fair procedure (Bhagalpur blindings case).
Supreme Court of India1981Cited by 2
(1981) 1 SCC 608
Right to life means life with human dignity and not mere animal existence; includes bare necessities of life, nutrition, clothing, shelter, and freedom of movement.
Supreme Court of India1980
(1980) 3 SCC 544
Routine handcuffing of prisoners violates dignity; permitted only with recorded reasons.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(1980) 3 SCC 625
Limited amending power is itself basic; clauses excluding judicial review of amendments struck down; harmony between Parts III and IV.
Supreme Court of India1980Cited by 1
(1980) 2 SCC 360
No imprisonment for inability to pay debt; poverty is no crime.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
(1980) 2 SCC 684
Death penalty under Section 302 IPC can only be awarded in the 'rarest of rare' cases when alternative option of life imprisonment is unquestionably foreclosed; balance sheet of aggravating and mitigating factors. | Rarest of rare doctrine governing capital punishment applied to Section 103 BNS (punishment for murder).
Supreme Court of India1979Cited by 1
(1980) 1 SCC 81
Right to a speedy trial and free legal aid are essential, inalienable ingredients of Article 21 for undertrial prisoners languishing in jails.
Supreme Court of India1978Cited by 4
(1978) 4 SCC 494
Prisoners are not stripped of their fundamental rights; solitary confinement and putting prisoners in bar fetters without judicial sanction violates Article 21.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
AIR 1978 SC 597
Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and equality of treatment; the principle of reasonableness pervades Article 14 like a brooding omnipresence. | Procedure established by law under Article 21 must be just, fair, and reasonable, not arbitrary or fanciful. Established the Golden Triangle connecting Articles 14, 19, and 21.
Supreme Court of India1978Cited by 1
(1978) 3 SCC 544
Free legal aid and supplied judgment copies for prisoner appeals.
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 2
(1973) 4 SCC 225
Established Basic Structure Doctrine; Parliament has wide power to amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368, but cannot alter, damage, or destroy its Basic Structure.
Supreme Court of India1962Cited by 1
AIR 1963 SC 1295
Domiciliary visits by police at night violate personal liberty under Article 21; Subba Rao J. pioneer dissent holding that right to privacy is an essential ingredient of personal liberty.
Supreme Court of India1950Cited by 1
AIR 1950 SC 27
Earliest narrow literalist interpretation of 'procedure established by law' as any state-enacted law without natural justice (later formally overruled by Maneka Gandhi).
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis