Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.
Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.