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Case law
Find cases by citation, principle, judge or linked provision, then read the available judgment and its source.
Case law
Find cases by citation, principle, judge or linked provision, then read the available judgment and its source.
(2018) 2 SCC 189
Section 497 IPC (adultery) struck down as manifestly arbitrary and discriminatory against women under Articles 14 and 15, rejecting patriarchal notions of female subservience and ownership.
(2017) 9 SCC 1
Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
Read case(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to privacy is a fundamental right emanating from Article 21 and the right to personal liberty, protecting spatial, decisional, and informational privacy.
Read case(2015) 5 SCC 1
Established clear distinction between discussion, advocacy, and incitement; Section 66A of IT Act struck down for being unconstitutionally vague, overbroad, and causing a chilling effect on speech.
Read case(2014) 5 SCC 438
Transgender persons recognised as third gender with equal rights and reservations as socially backward.
Read case(2010) 7 SCC 263
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.
Read case(1994) 3 SCC 1
Secularism is an essential feature of the Basic Structure of the Constitution; mixing politics with religion is impermissible and justifies imposition of President's Rule under Article 356.
Read case1992 Supp (3) SCC 217
Mandal: reservations capped at 50%, creamy layer excluded, no reservation in promotions (later modified by 77th Amendment).
Read caseAIR 1986 SC 180
Right to life includes the right to livelihood, as no person can live without means of sustenance; procedural fairness and natural justice required prior to eviction of pavement dwellers.
Read case(1983) 1 SCC 305
Pension cut-off date held arbitrary; pension is deferred pay, not charity.
Read case(1982) 1 SCC 618
Equal pay for equal work flows from equality guarantees.
Read case(1981) 4 SCC 335
Discriminatory service conditions for air hostesses on pregnancy and retirement struck down in part.
Read case(1980) 3 SCC 625
Limited amending power is itself basic; clauses excluding judicial review of amendments struck down; harmony between Parts III and IV.
Read case(1980) 2 SCC 684
Death penalty under Section 302 IPC can only be awarded in the 'rarest of rare' cases when alternative option of life imprisonment is unquestionably foreclosed; balance sheet of aggravating and mitigating factors. | Rarest of rare doctrine governing capital punishment applied to Section 103 BNS (punishment for murder).
Read caseAIR 1978 SC 597
Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and equality of treatment; the principle of reasonableness pervades Article 14 like a brooding omnipresence. | Procedure established by law under Article 21 must be just, fair, and reasonable, not arbitrary or fanciful. Established the Golden Triangle connecting Articles 14, 19, and 21.
Read caseAIR 1974 SC 555
Equality is a dynamic concept with many aspects and cannot be cribbed, cabined, or confined within traditional doctrinaire limits. Arbitrariness is antithetical to equality and violates Article 14.
Read case(1973) 4 SCC 225
Established Basic Structure Doctrine; Parliament has wide power to amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368, but cannot alter, damage, or destroy its Basic Structure.
Read caseAIR 1958 SC 538
Affirmed twin tests for valid classification under Article 14: (1) intelligible differentia distinguishing persons/things grouped together from others left out, and (2) differentia must have a rational nexus to the statutory object.
Read case(2018) 2 SCC 189
Section 497 IPC (adultery) struck down as manifestly arbitrary and discriminatory against women under Articles 14 and 15, rejecting patriarchal notions of female subservience and ownership.
(2017) 9 SCC 1
Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
Read case(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to privacy is a fundamental right emanating from Article 21 and the right to personal liberty, protecting spatial, decisional, and informational privacy.
Read case(2015) 5 SCC 1
Established clear distinction between discussion, advocacy, and incitement; Section 66A of IT Act struck down for being unconstitutionally vague, overbroad, and causing a chilling effect on speech.
Read case(2014) 5 SCC 438
Transgender persons recognised as third gender with equal rights and reservations as socially backward.
Read case(2010) 7 SCC 263
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.
Read case(1994) 3 SCC 1
Secularism is an essential feature of the Basic Structure of the Constitution; mixing politics with religion is impermissible and justifies imposition of President's Rule under Article 356.
Read case1992 Supp (3) SCC 217
Mandal: reservations capped at 50%, creamy layer excluded, no reservation in promotions (later modified by 77th Amendment).
Read caseAIR 1986 SC 180
Right to life includes the right to livelihood, as no person can live without means of sustenance; procedural fairness and natural justice required prior to eviction of pavement dwellers.
Read case(1983) 1 SCC 305
Pension cut-off date held arbitrary; pension is deferred pay, not charity.
Read case(1982) 1 SCC 618
Equal pay for equal work flows from equality guarantees.
Read case(1981) 4 SCC 335
Discriminatory service conditions for air hostesses on pregnancy and retirement struck down in part.
Read case(1980) 3 SCC 625
Limited amending power is itself basic; clauses excluding judicial review of amendments struck down; harmony between Parts III and IV.
Read case(1980) 2 SCC 684
Death penalty under Section 302 IPC can only be awarded in the 'rarest of rare' cases when alternative option of life imprisonment is unquestionably foreclosed; balance sheet of aggravating and mitigating factors. | Rarest of rare doctrine governing capital punishment applied to Section 103 BNS (punishment for murder).
Read caseAIR 1978 SC 597
Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and equality of treatment; the principle of reasonableness pervades Article 14 like a brooding omnipresence. | Procedure established by law under Article 21 must be just, fair, and reasonable, not arbitrary or fanciful. Established the Golden Triangle connecting Articles 14, 19, and 21.
Read caseAIR 1974 SC 555
Equality is a dynamic concept with many aspects and cannot be cribbed, cabined, or confined within traditional doctrinaire limits. Arbitrariness is antithetical to equality and violates Article 14.
Read case(1973) 4 SCC 225
Established Basic Structure Doctrine; Parliament has wide power to amend any part of the Constitution under Article 368, but cannot alter, damage, or destroy its Basic Structure.
Read caseAIR 1958 SC 538
Affirmed twin tests for valid classification under Article 14: (1) intelligible differentia distinguishing persons/things grouped together from others left out, and (2) differentia must have a rational nexus to the statutory object.
Read case