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Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
61–80 · Page 4 of 16
Supreme Court of India17 May 2024Full text
2024 INSC 448 · [2024] 5 S.C.R. 629
that Bachan Singh [(1980) 2 SCC 684 : 1980 SCC (Cri) 580] laid down the principle of the rarest of rare cases. Machhi Singh [(1983) 3 SCC 470 : 1983 SCC (Cri) 681] , for practical application crystallised the principle into … the scope for imposing death penalty. But the unfortunate reality is that in later decisions neither the rarest of rare cases principle nor the Machhi Singh [(1983) 3 SCC 470 : 1983 SCC (Cri) 681] categories were followed uniformly
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Jul 2025Full text
Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
61–80 · Page 4 of 16
Supreme Court of India17 May 2024Full text
2024 INSC 448 · [2024] 5 S.C.R. 629
that Bachan Singh [(1980) 2 SCC 684 : 1980 SCC (Cri) 580] laid down the principle of the rarest of rare cases. Machhi Singh [(1983) 3 SCC 470 : 1983 SCC (Cri) 681] , for practical application crystallised the principle into … the scope for imposing death penalty. But the unfortunate reality is that in later decisions neither the rarest of rare cases principle nor the Machhi Singh [(1983) 3 SCC 470 : 1983 SCC (Cri) 681] categories were followed uniformly
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Jul 2025Full text
2025 INSC 969 · [2025] 7 S.C.R. 2012
SCC 684 (“Bachan Singh”). It was observed that in Bachan Singh, the principle of “the rarest of rare” cases was laid down and in Machhi Singh, this Court for practical application, crystallised the principle into five definite categories … for imposing death penalty. It was also observed that in reality in the later decisions neither “the rarest of rare cases” principle nor the Machhi Singh categories were followed uniformly and consistently. Holding that this Court was reluctant
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Dec 2012Full text
2012 INSC 590 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 1049
IPC for which he was charged. The court finding the case falling in the category of the rarest of rare cases, awarded death sentence alongwith other sentences. High Court confirmed the conviction as well as the sentence … challenge the conviction, and contended that his case did not fall in the category of the rarest of rare G cases and hence death sentence was not correct. Partly allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. The prosecution
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Apr 2023Full text
2023 INSC 344 · [2023] 2 S.C.R. 793
Abuse/misuse of – Held: Such laws must be very critically examined and must be used only in the rarest of rare cases. Allowing the appeal, the Court D HELD: 1. Preventive detention laws in India are a colonial legacy … the state, must in all circumstances, be very critically examined, and must be used only in the rarest of rare cases. In cases of preventive detention, where the detenue is held in arrest not for a crime
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India12 Dec 2018Full text
2018 INSC 1193 · [2018] 13 S.C.R. 296
all that has been urged before us by Mr. Ramakumar is that the present is not a ‘rarest of rare’ case where the appellant should be given capital punishment. No E arguments have been raised to show any … more strengthened that in the present case, death penalty has to be imposed. It is indeed a rarest of rare case. In this country of seers and sages, even a worm unconsciously trampled under the F foot
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India22 Sep 2014Full text
2014 INSC 657 · [2014] 14 S.C.R. 1354
Court converted death sentence to life imprisonment on the ground that the case did not fall under rarest of rare case -Held: In the facts and circumstances of the case and evidence adduce.d by the prosecution side," there … considering the overall circumstances of the case, this case does not E fall within the category of rarest of rare case and it cannot be said that imprisonment for lesser sentence of life term altogether foreclosed. The High
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India15 May 2015Full text
2015 INSC 999 · [2015] 9 S.C.R. 943
Held: Life Sentence is the rule and death sentence is the exception to be awarded in 'rarest of rare cases' - Death sentence is to be awarded only when life imprisonment appears to be an altogether inadequate D punishment … the accused and dependence E of the minor child on them - The case falls in the rarest of rare case and hence, both the appellants accused have been rightly sentenced to death by courts below - Penal Code
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Mar 2024Full text
2024 INSC 235 · [2024] 3 S.C.R. 705
prescribed – 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Delhi High Court6 Aug 2026Full text
W.P.(C)/10794/2025
prescribed — 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Aug 2024Full text
2024 INSC 611 · [2024] 8 S.C.R. 916
prescribed — 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India31 Jan 2025Full text
2025 INSC 132 · [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1381
quashing a criminal proceeding should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability … the CrPC is required to be exercised sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases. It is equally settled that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India19 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 984 · [2022] 13 S.C.R. 1113
and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not be more than one or two seats and such admissions can be ordered within reasonable … observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given to a candidate
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Dec 2019Full text
2019 INSC 1362 · [2019] 15 S.C.R. 93
prescribed – 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in F the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Apr 2023Full text
2023 INSC 412 · [2023] 4 S.C.R. 748
process to decide whether a convict deserved the death sentence: first, that the case belonged to the “rarest of rare” category, and second, that the option of life imprisonment would simply not suffice. The aggravating D and mitigating … Shankar Kisanrao Khade (supra) the court fashioned ‘the crime’; ‘the criminal’ and ‘the E R&R test’ (rarest of rare test) which emphasized the need to look intensively into all factors. This court also highlighted that in many
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India14 May 2010Full text
2010 INSC 325 · [2010] 7 S.C.R. 128
When the words 'rarest of rare cases' are used after the D words 'sparingly and with circumspection' while describing the scope of Section 482, those words merely emphasize and reiterate what is intended to be conveyed by the … quashing is made out and failure to interfere would lead to a miscarriage of justice. The expression "rarest of rare cases" is not used in the sense in which it is used with reference to F punishment for
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India5 Feb 2025Full text
2025 INSC 202 · [2025] 2 S.C.R. 622
quashing a criminal proceeding should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability … caution that such powers should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in rarest of rare cases. 22. We are therefore of the considered view that the present case would squarely fall under points
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Oct 2013Full text
2013 INSC 690 · [2013] 16 S.C.R. 616
Pradesh v. Munesh. 21 Counsel submitted that the instant case does not fall in the category of rarest of rare cases. The appellant has no criminal history. He is not a professional criminal. Death was caused … that body was burnt to destroy evidence. That would not bring this case in the category of rarest of rare cases (Santosh Kumar Bariyar). Counsel submitted that evidence on record establislies that the appellant loved the deceased
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Mar 2018Full text
2018 INSC 282 · [2018] 2 S.C.R. 1045
the ends of justice. As indicated above, this power has C to be exercised only in the rarest of rare cases and not otherwise. If that is the position, and we are of the view that … available to an accused person, these provisions should be resorted to in cases that are not the rarest of rare but for E trifling issues
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Oct 2010Full text
2010 INSC 693 · [2010] 12 S.C.R. 551
When the words "rarest of rare cases" are used after the words "sparingly and with circumspection" while describing the scope of Section 482, those words merely emphasise and reiterate what is intended to be conveyed by the words … made out A and failure to interfere would lead to a miscarriage of justice. The expression "rarest of rare cases" is not used in the sense in which it is used with reference to punishment for offences under
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India23 Feb 2012Full text
2012 INSC 101 · [2012] 3 S.C.R. 558
enmity going on in respect of the family lands and this was one of those B rarest of rare cases in which death sentence should be imposed. The facts in the present case are no different. Five members … the High Court were therefore right in coming to the conclusion that this is one of those rarest of rare cases in which death sentence is the0 appropriate punishment
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis
2025 INSC 969 · [2025] 7 S.C.R. 2012
SCC 684 (“Bachan Singh”). It was observed that in Bachan Singh, the principle of “the rarest of rare” cases was laid down and in Machhi Singh, this Court for practical application, crystallised the principle into five definite categories … for imposing death penalty. It was also observed that in reality in the later decisions neither “the rarest of rare cases” principle nor the Machhi Singh categories were followed uniformly and consistently. Holding that this Court was reluctant
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Dec 2012Full text
2012 INSC 590 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 1049
IPC for which he was charged. The court finding the case falling in the category of the rarest of rare cases, awarded death sentence alongwith other sentences. High Court confirmed the conviction as well as the sentence … challenge the conviction, and contended that his case did not fall in the category of the rarest of rare G cases and hence death sentence was not correct. Partly allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. The prosecution
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Apr 2023Full text
2023 INSC 344 · [2023] 2 S.C.R. 793
Abuse/misuse of – Held: Such laws must be very critically examined and must be used only in the rarest of rare cases. Allowing the appeal, the Court D HELD: 1. Preventive detention laws in India are a colonial legacy … the state, must in all circumstances, be very critically examined, and must be used only in the rarest of rare cases. In cases of preventive detention, where the detenue is held in arrest not for a crime
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India12 Dec 2018Full text
2018 INSC 1193 · [2018] 13 S.C.R. 296
all that has been urged before us by Mr. Ramakumar is that the present is not a ‘rarest of rare’ case where the appellant should be given capital punishment. No E arguments have been raised to show any … more strengthened that in the present case, death penalty has to be imposed. It is indeed a rarest of rare case. In this country of seers and sages, even a worm unconsciously trampled under the F foot
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India22 Sep 2014Full text
2014 INSC 657 · [2014] 14 S.C.R. 1354
Court converted death sentence to life imprisonment on the ground that the case did not fall under rarest of rare case -Held: In the facts and circumstances of the case and evidence adduce.d by the prosecution side," there … considering the overall circumstances of the case, this case does not E fall within the category of rarest of rare case and it cannot be said that imprisonment for lesser sentence of life term altogether foreclosed. The High
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India15 May 2015Full text
2015 INSC 999 · [2015] 9 S.C.R. 943
Held: Life Sentence is the rule and death sentence is the exception to be awarded in 'rarest of rare cases' - Death sentence is to be awarded only when life imprisonment appears to be an altogether inadequate D punishment … the accused and dependence E of the minor child on them - The case falls in the rarest of rare case and hence, both the appellants accused have been rightly sentenced to death by courts below - Penal Code
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Mar 2024Full text
2024 INSC 235 · [2024] 3 S.C.R. 705
prescribed – 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Delhi High Court6 Aug 2026Full text
W.P.(C)/10794/2025
prescribed — 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Aug 2024Full text
2024 INSC 611 · [2024] 8 S.C.R. 916
prescribed — 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India31 Jan 2025Full text
2025 INSC 132 · [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1381
quashing a criminal proceeding should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability … the CrPC is required to be exercised sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases. It is equally settled that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India19 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 984 · [2022] 13 S.C.R. 1113
and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should not be more than one or two seats and such admissions can be ordered within reasonable … observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given to a candidate
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Dec 2019Full text
2019 INSC 1362 · [2019] 15 S.C.R. 93
prescribed – 30th September, is over, to do the complete justice, the Court under exceptional circumstances and in rarest of rare cases direct the admission in F the same year by directing to increase the seats, however, it should … However, it is observed that such relief can be granted only in exceptional circumstances and in the rarest of rare cases. In case of such an eventuality, the Court may also pass an order cancelling the admission given
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Apr 2023Full text
2023 INSC 412 · [2023] 4 S.C.R. 748
process to decide whether a convict deserved the death sentence: first, that the case belonged to the “rarest of rare” category, and second, that the option of life imprisonment would simply not suffice. The aggravating D and mitigating … Shankar Kisanrao Khade (supra) the court fashioned ‘the crime’; ‘the criminal’ and ‘the E R&R test’ (rarest of rare test) which emphasized the need to look intensively into all factors. This court also highlighted that in many
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India14 May 2010Full text
2010 INSC 325 · [2010] 7 S.C.R. 128
When the words 'rarest of rare cases' are used after the D words 'sparingly and with circumspection' while describing the scope of Section 482, those words merely emphasize and reiterate what is intended to be conveyed by the … quashing is made out and failure to interfere would lead to a miscarriage of justice. The expression "rarest of rare cases" is not used in the sense in which it is used with reference to F punishment for
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India5 Feb 2025Full text
2025 INSC 202 · [2025] 2 S.C.R. 622
quashing a criminal proceeding should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability … caution that such powers should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in rarest of rare cases. 22. We are therefore of the considered view that the present case would squarely fall under points
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Oct 2013Full text
2013 INSC 690 · [2013] 16 S.C.R. 616
Pradesh v. Munesh. 21 Counsel submitted that the instant case does not fall in the category of rarest of rare cases. The appellant has no criminal history. He is not a professional criminal. Death was caused … that body was burnt to destroy evidence. That would not bring this case in the category of rarest of rare cases (Santosh Kumar Bariyar). Counsel submitted that evidence on record establislies that the appellant loved the deceased
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Mar 2018Full text
2018 INSC 282 · [2018] 2 S.C.R. 1045
the ends of justice. As indicated above, this power has C to be exercised only in the rarest of rare cases and not otherwise. If that is the position, and we are of the view that … available to an accused person, these provisions should be resorted to in cases that are not the rarest of rare but for E trifling issues
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Oct 2010Full text
2010 INSC 693 · [2010] 12 S.C.R. 551
When the words "rarest of rare cases" are used after the words "sparingly and with circumspection" while describing the scope of Section 482, those words merely emphasise and reiterate what is intended to be conveyed by the words … made out A and failure to interfere would lead to a miscarriage of justice. The expression "rarest of rare cases" is not used in the sense in which it is used with reference to punishment for offences under
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India23 Feb 2012Full text
2012 INSC 101 · [2012] 3 S.C.R. 558
enmity going on in respect of the family lands and this was one of those B rarest of rare cases in which death sentence should be imposed. The facts in the present case are no different. Five members … the High Court were therefore right in coming to the conclusion that this is one of those rarest of rare cases in which death sentence is the0 appropriate punishment
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis