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Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
1–20 · Page 1 of 4
Including decisions recorded as applying Article 21 of the Constitution. Show only those
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to
Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
1–20 · Page 1 of 4
Including decisions recorded as applying Article 21 of the Constitution. Show only those
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to
Matched in case recordAlso found in the judgment text
Supreme Court of India1997Cited by 1
(1997) 1 SCC 301
Telephone tapping without procedural safeguards violates privacy under Article 21; guidelines laid down
Matched in case record
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
(2018) 10 SCC 1
fundamental personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain us.” 61. Kaul, J., in a separate judgment, also joined
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India1962Cited by 1
AIR 1963 SC 1295
Domiciliary visits by police at night violate personal liberty under Article 21; Subba Rao J. pioneer dissent holding that right to privacy is an essential ingredient of personal liberty
Matched in case record
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2010) 7 SCC 263
was held that the unauthorised tapping of telephones by police personnel violated the `right to privacy' as contemplated under Article 21. However, it was not stated that telephone-tapping by the police was absolutely prohibited, presumably because the … under a proper legislative mandate that regulates their use. This intended balance between an individual's `right to privacy' and `compelling public interest' has frequently occupied judicial attention. Such a compelling public interest
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India26 Sep 2018Full text
2018 INSC 880 · [2018] 8 S.C.R. 1
fundamental personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument B based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Oct 2020Full text
2020 INSC 620 · [2020] 12 S.C.R. 583
personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating E to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Nov 2019Full text
2019 INSC 1233 · [2019] 16 S.C.R. 424
liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an D absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the existence
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Nov 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1304 · [2025] 12 S.C.R. 123
personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Nov 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1304 · [2025] 12 S.C.R. 123
personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India27 Oct 2021Full text
2021 INSC 682 · [2021] 6 S.C.R. 1066
liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental C rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) D legality, which postulates
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India14 Jul 2025Full text
2025 INSC 829 · [2025] 7 S.C.R. 611
one of the spouses to corroborate the contention as being in violation of the right to privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Hence, it is necessary to dilate upon the contours of the right … reported in (2017) 10 SCC 1, (“Puttaswamy”), Chelameswar and Bobde JJ. enunciated that the constitutional right to privacy under Article 21 is limited to the relationship between the citizen and the State. Bobde J. (as he then was
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Jan 2025Full text
2025 INSC 115 · [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1009
core, the preservation of personal intimacies, the sanctity of family life, marriage, procreation, the home, and sexual orientation. Privacy also connotes a right to be left alone, as a corollary to the safeguarding of individual autonomy and the … the fundamental freedoms protected by Part III, including the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an 33 Sharda, supra note 1. 34 K.S. Puttaswamy (Privacy-9J.) v. Union of India
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2015) 5 SCC 1
case of an internet, it is very easy to invade upon the privacy of any individual and thereby violating his right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. By its very nature, in the mediums like newspaper
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Aug 2015Full text
2015 INSC 559 · [2015] 9 S.C.R. 99
existence of "right to privacy". While R. D Rajagopal's case4 held that the "right to privacy" is implicit under Article 21 of the Constitution, PUCL's case held that the "right to privacy" insofar as it pertains … speech is part of fundamental rights under Articles 19(1)(a) and 21 of the EConstitution5 4 Para 9. "Right to privacy is not enumerated as a fundamental right in our Constitution but has been inferred from Article
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Dec 2013Full text
2013 INSC 823 · [2013] 17 S.C.R. 116
must be read together. The right 8to equality under Article 14 and the right to dignity and privacy under Article 21 are interlinked and must be fulfilled for other rights to be truly effectuated. International law can
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Jul 2022Full text
2022 INSC 740 · [2022] 12 S.C.R. 246
recognized as a facet of her right to lead a life with dignity and the right to privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution: “298. [p]rivacy of the body entitles an individual to the integrity of the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 May 2011Full text
2011 INSC 382 · [2011] 6 S.C.R. 403
writ petition, filed under Article 32, the petitioner is seeking to protect his fundamental right to D privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of\ India. The petitioner's case is that on the basis of his inforr … Ltd: and other service providers. Such interception of conversation, according to the petitioner, amounts to intrusion on the privacy of the affected people, and is motivated by political ill will and has been G directed only towards those
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India9 Nov 2023Full text
2023 INSC 1018 · [2023] 16 S.C.R. 562
his duty to keep such information confidential meets the proportionality test which this court has devised for privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution. The nature of the resolution professional’s role, the powers, and its nexus with
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 740 · [2022] 7 S.C.R. 686
invidious classifications and excludes groups based on their personal circumstances. The rights of reproductive autonomy, dignity, and privacy under Article 21 give an unmarried woman the right of H X v. PR. SECY., HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT., GNCT
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis
Matched in case recordAlso found in the judgment text
Supreme Court of India1997Cited by 1
(1997) 1 SCC 301
Telephone tapping without procedural safeguards violates privacy under Article 21; guidelines laid down
Matched in case record
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull text
(2018) 10 SCC 1
fundamental personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain us.” 61. Kaul, J., in a separate judgment, also joined
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India1962Cited by 1
AIR 1963 SC 1295
Domiciliary visits by police at night violate personal liberty under Article 21; Subba Rao J. pioneer dissent holding that right to privacy is an essential ingredient of personal liberty
Matched in case record
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2010) 7 SCC 263
was held that the unauthorised tapping of telephones by police personnel violated the `right to privacy' as contemplated under Article 21. However, it was not stated that telephone-tapping by the police was absolutely prohibited, presumably because the … under a proper legislative mandate that regulates their use. This intended balance between an individual's `right to privacy' and `compelling public interest' has frequently occupied judicial attention. Such a compelling public interest
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India26 Sep 2018Full text
2018 INSC 880 · [2018] 8 S.C.R. 1
fundamental personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument B based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Oct 2020Full text
2020 INSC 620 · [2020] 12 S.C.R. 583
personal choices. For instance, we can ground physical privacy or privacy relating E to the body in Articles 19(1)(d) and (e) read with Article 21; ground personal information privacy under Article 21; and the privacy … choice in Articles 19(1)(a) to (c), 20(3), 21 and 25. The argument based on “privacy” being a vague and nebulous concept need not, therefore, detain
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India13 Nov 2019Full text
2019 INSC 1233 · [2019] 16 S.C.R. 424
liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an D absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the existence
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Nov 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1304 · [2025] 12 S.C.R. 123
personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Nov 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1304 · [2025] 12 S.C.R. 123
personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) legality, which postulates the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India27 Oct 2021Full text
2021 INSC 682 · [2021] 6 S.C.R. 1066
liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an absolute right. A law which encroaches upon privacy will have to withstand the touchstone of permissible restrictions on fundamental C rights. In the context of Article 21 an invasion … reasonable. The law must also be valid with reference to the encroachment on life and personal liberty under Article 21. An invasion of life or personal liberty must meet the threefold requirement of (i) D legality, which postulates
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India14 Jul 2025Full text
2025 INSC 829 · [2025] 7 S.C.R. 611
one of the spouses to corroborate the contention as being in violation of the right to privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Hence, it is necessary to dilate upon the contours of the right … reported in (2017) 10 SCC 1, (“Puttaswamy”), Chelameswar and Bobde JJ. enunciated that the constitutional right to privacy under Article 21 is limited to the relationship between the citizen and the State. Bobde J. (as he then was
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Jan 2025Full text
2025 INSC 115 · [2025] 1 S.C.R. 1009
core, the preservation of personal intimacies, the sanctity of family life, marriage, procreation, the home, and sexual orientation. Privacy also connotes a right to be left alone, as a corollary to the safeguarding of individual autonomy and the … the fundamental freedoms protected by Part III, including the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21, privacy is not an 33 Sharda, supra note 1. 34 K.S. Puttaswamy (Privacy-9J.) v. Union of India
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of Indiaundefined undefined NaNFull textCited by 1
(2015) 5 SCC 1
case of an internet, it is very easy to invade upon the privacy of any individual and thereby violating his right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. By its very nature, in the mediums like newspaper
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Aug 2015Full text
2015 INSC 559 · [2015] 9 S.C.R. 99
existence of "right to privacy". While R. D Rajagopal's case4 held that the "right to privacy" is implicit under Article 21 of the Constitution, PUCL's case held that the "right to privacy" insofar as it pertains … speech is part of fundamental rights under Articles 19(1)(a) and 21 of the EConstitution5 4 Para 9. "Right to privacy is not enumerated as a fundamental right in our Constitution but has been inferred from Article
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Dec 2013Full text
2013 INSC 823 · [2013] 17 S.C.R. 116
must be read together. The right 8to equality under Article 14 and the right to dignity and privacy under Article 21 are interlinked and must be fulfilled for other rights to be truly effectuated. International law can
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Jul 2022Full text
2022 INSC 740 · [2022] 12 S.C.R. 246
recognized as a facet of her right to lead a life with dignity and the right to privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution: “298. [p]rivacy of the body entitles an individual to the integrity of the
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 May 2011Full text
2011 INSC 382 · [2011] 6 S.C.R. 403
writ petition, filed under Article 32, the petitioner is seeking to protect his fundamental right to D privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of\ India. The petitioner's case is that on the basis of his inforr … Ltd: and other service providers. Such interception of conversation, according to the petitioner, amounts to intrusion on the privacy of the affected people, and is motivated by political ill will and has been G directed only towards those
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India9 Nov 2023Full text
2023 INSC 1018 · [2023] 16 S.C.R. 562
his duty to keep such information confidential meets the proportionality test which this court has devised for privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution. The nature of the resolution professional’s role, the powers, and its nexus with
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India29 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 740 · [2022] 7 S.C.R. 686
invidious classifications and excludes groups based on their personal circumstances. The rights of reproductive autonomy, dignity, and privacy under Article 21 give an unmarried woman the right of H X v. PR. SECY., HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT., GNCT
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis