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Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
81–100 · Page 5 of 14
Supreme Court of India28 Sep 2011Full text
2011 INSC 722 · [2011] 15 S.C.R. 92
The concept of 'rarest of rare' which has been evolved in Bachan Singh by this Court is the internationally accepted standard in cases of death F penalty. Taking an overall view of the facts in these appeals … dignity of human life which must postulates resistance to taking life through law's instrumentality. Except in 'rarest of rare cases' and for 'special reasons' death sentence cannot be imposed as an alternative option to the imposition
Indian case law by case name, citation, provision or legal issue, with the case summary, the judgment text where we hold it and the provisions it applies.
81–100 · Page 5 of 14
Supreme Court of India28 Sep 2011Full text
2011 INSC 722 · [2011] 15 S.C.R. 92
The concept of 'rarest of rare' which has been evolved in Bachan Singh by this Court is the internationally accepted standard in cases of death F penalty. Taking an overall view of the facts in these appeals … dignity of human life which must postulates resistance to taking life through law's instrumentality. Except in 'rarest of rare cases' and for 'special reasons' death sentence cannot be imposed as an alternative option to the imposition
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Nov 2012Full text
2012 INSC 522 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 85
paragraph 48 of the Report that there is a lack of evenness in the sentencing process. The rarest of rare principle has not been followed uniformly or consistently. Reference in this context was made to Aloke Nath Dutta … from our capital sentencing system. It can be safely said that the Bachan Singh threshold of "the rarest of rare cases" has been most variedly and F inconsistently applied by the various High Courts as also this Court
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India19 Apr 2022Full text
2022 INSC 429 · [2022] 19 S.C.R. 168
penalty to the life imprisonment. The B case on hand could not be said to be the “rarest of rare case”, where the question of awarding lesser punishment than the death penalty is totally foreclosed. He implored the … this Court that in series of judgements, this Court has not treated such case as the rarest of rare case
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India7 Dec 2020Full text
2020 INSC 682 · [2020] 14 S.C.R. 198
the High Court before embarking to scrutinise the FIR/charge-sheet/ complaint. In deciding whether the case is rarest of rare cases to scuttle the prosecution in its inception, it first has to get into the grip of the matter … act could be done except to quash the charge- sheet. But only in exceptional cases, i.e., in rarest of rare cases of mala fide initiation of the proceedings to wreak private vengeance [issue of process under Criminal Procedure
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Sep 2011Full text
2011 INSC 700 · [2011] 14 S.C.R. 921
human probability, the act must have oeen done by the accused. Sentence! Sentencing - Death sentence - When warranted - Rarest of the rare case - Held: "Rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 939 · [2022] 7 S.C.R. 337
the rare case. All that was opined is that it was not a fit case G under rarest of rare case in which the sentence should have been imposed on the convicts. Thus life sentence was granted under
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India3 Oct 2016Full text
2016 INSC 943 · [2016] 8 S.C.R. 872
noting the above principles, particularly culled out from the decision in which the very principle, namely, "the rarest of rare cases", or an "exceptional case" or an "extreme case", it was noted that even thereafter, in reality … later decisions neither the rarest of the rare case D principle nor Machhi Singh categories were followed uniformly and consistently. In this context, the learned Judges also noted some of the decisions, namely, Aloke Nath Dutta v. State
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India22 Feb 2011Full text
2011 INSC 148 · [2011] 4 S.C.R. 585
that the accused is not likely to be reformed. The Court went on to hold that the rarest of rare dictum imposes a wide E ranging embargo on the award of death punishment which can only be revoked … the facts of the case successfully satisfy double qualification : (1) that the case belongs to rarest of the rare category and
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 May 2012Full text
2012 INSC 235 · [2012] 5 S.C.R. 952
The rarest of rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence of the society. The-crime may be heinous or brutal F but may not be in the … category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and that he is likely to continue criminal acts of violence as would constitute
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Aug 2012Full text
2012 INSC 345 · [2012] 7 S.C.R. 359
would have a very negative effect on society. The offence committed by the respondent was in fact rarest of the rare. The confessional statement recorded by the Judicial Magistrate was worth placing reliance upon, wherein the respondent had … the case, the Court reached the conclusion that it was a case under the category of 'rarest of rare cases'. Therefore, death penalty was awarded to the respondent alongwith a fine of Rs.10,000/- in default of which
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India25 Aug 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1043 · [2025] 8 S.C.R. 2136
their best, subject of course to the limitation of human fallibility, yet situations may arise, in the rarest of the rare cases, which would require reconsideration of a final judgment to set right miscarriage of justice complained … consideration to the question, we are persuaded to hold that the duty to do justice in these rarest of rare cases shall have to prevail over the policy of certainty of judgment as though it is essentially
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India18 Jul 2011Full text
2011 INSC 498 · [2011] 9 S.C.R. 146
view that B of course to the limitation of human fallibility, yet situations may arise, in the rarest of the rare cases, which would require reconsideration of a final judgment to set right miscarriage of justice complained … consideration to the question, we are persuaded to hold that the duty to do justice in these rarest of rare cases shall .. have to prevail over the policy of certainty of judgment as D though it is essentially
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Sep 2013Full text
2013 INSC 601 · [2013] 9 S.C.R. 295
The Sessions Court and the High Court are of the view that the case falls under the rarest of the rare category and the appellant did not deserve any mercy. 15. Before awarding a sentence of death … which special reasons G are to be stated. 16. The death sentence has been relegated to the 'rarest of rare' cases after the landmark decision of the Constitution H 308 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 9 S.C.R
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India26 Nov 2014Full text
2014 INSC 1033 · [2014] 14 S.C.R. 961
SUPREME COURT REPORTS. (2014] 14 S.C.R. A us to hold that this is a "rarest of rare" cases where the sentence of death is eminently desirable not only to deter others from committing such atrocious crimes but also … Singh v. . State ofA_.P.35 and eventually came to hold that the said case fell in the rarest of the rare category and the capital punishment was warranted. Being of this view, the Court declined to interfere with
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India25 Apr 2014Full text
2014 INSC 327 · [2014] 8 S.C.R. 668
SCC 546, this Court noticed aggravating C circumstances (crime test)- mitigating circumstances- (criminal test) and rarest of rare case - (R-R. test) and observed: "52. Aggravating circumstances as pointed out above, of course, are not exhaustive so also … the fullest extent and no mitigating circumstances favouring the accused, still we have to apply finally the rarest of the rare case test (R-R test). R-R test depends upon the perception of G the society that
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India9 Oct 2014Full text
2014 INSC 1016 · [2014] 10 S.C.R. 812
The crime test, criminal test and the "rarest of the rare" test are certain tests evolved by this Court. The tests basically examine whether the society abhors such crimes and whether8 such crimes shock the conscience of the … that judges should never be blood thirsty but wherever necessary in the interest of society identify the rarest of rare case and exercise the tougher option of death penalty
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Apr 2011Full text
2011 INSC 319 · [2011] 5 S.C.R. 518
trite that death sentence can be inflicted only in a case which comes within the category of rarest of the rare cases but there is no hard and fast rule and the parameter to decide this vexed issue … This Court had the occasion to consider the cases -which can be termed as rarest of the rare cases and G although certain comprehensive guidelines have been laid to adjLl~ge this issue but no hard and fast
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Dec 2012Full text
2012 INSC 581 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 740
principles in Bachan Singh (supra) and Machhi Singh (supra) and proceeded to state as follows:-c "The rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence … society. The crime may be heinous or brutal but may not be in the category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the D accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India1 Jul 2014Full text
2014 INSC 445 · [2014] 6 S.C.R. 1044
Haresh Mohandas Rajput vs. State Of Maharashtra, 2011 (12) sec 56, which reads as under: "The rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would G be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence … society. The crime may be heinous or brutal but may not be in the category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Nov 2013Full text
2013 INSC 794 · [2013] 12 S.C.R. 947
The rarest of the rare case' comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence of the society. The crime may be E heinous or brutal but may not … the category of 'the rarest of the rare case'. There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and that he is likely to continue criminal acts of violence as would constitute
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Nov 2012Full text
2012 INSC 522 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 85
paragraph 48 of the Report that there is a lack of evenness in the sentencing process. The rarest of rare principle has not been followed uniformly or consistently. Reference in this context was made to Aloke Nath Dutta … from our capital sentencing system. It can be safely said that the Bachan Singh threshold of "the rarest of rare cases" has been most variedly and F inconsistently applied by the various High Courts as also this Court
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India19 Apr 2022Full text
2022 INSC 429 · [2022] 19 S.C.R. 168
penalty to the life imprisonment. The B case on hand could not be said to be the “rarest of rare case”, where the question of awarding lesser punishment than the death penalty is totally foreclosed. He implored the … this Court that in series of judgements, this Court has not treated such case as the rarest of rare case
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India7 Dec 2020Full text
2020 INSC 682 · [2020] 14 S.C.R. 198
the High Court before embarking to scrutinise the FIR/charge-sheet/ complaint. In deciding whether the case is rarest of rare cases to scuttle the prosecution in its inception, it first has to get into the grip of the matter … act could be done except to quash the charge- sheet. But only in exceptional cases, i.e., in rarest of rare cases of mala fide initiation of the proceedings to wreak private vengeance [issue of process under Criminal Procedure
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Sep 2011Full text
2011 INSC 700 · [2011] 14 S.C.R. 921
human probability, the act must have oeen done by the accused. Sentence! Sentencing - Death sentence - When warranted - Rarest of the rare case - Held: "Rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India8 Sep 2022Full text
2022 INSC 939 · [2022] 7 S.C.R. 337
the rare case. All that was opined is that it was not a fit case G under rarest of rare case in which the sentence should have been imposed on the convicts. Thus life sentence was granted under
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India3 Oct 2016Full text
2016 INSC 943 · [2016] 8 S.C.R. 872
noting the above principles, particularly culled out from the decision in which the very principle, namely, "the rarest of rare cases", or an "exceptional case" or an "extreme case", it was noted that even thereafter, in reality … later decisions neither the rarest of the rare case D principle nor Machhi Singh categories were followed uniformly and consistently. In this context, the learned Judges also noted some of the decisions, namely, Aloke Nath Dutta v. State
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India22 Feb 2011Full text
2011 INSC 148 · [2011] 4 S.C.R. 585
that the accused is not likely to be reformed. The Court went on to hold that the rarest of rare dictum imposes a wide E ranging embargo on the award of death punishment which can only be revoked … the facts of the case successfully satisfy double qualification : (1) that the case belongs to rarest of the rare category and
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 May 2012Full text
2012 INSC 235 · [2012] 5 S.C.R. 952
The rarest of rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence of the society. The-crime may be heinous or brutal F but may not be in the … category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and that he is likely to continue criminal acts of violence as would constitute
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India21 Aug 2012Full text
2012 INSC 345 · [2012] 7 S.C.R. 359
would have a very negative effect on society. The offence committed by the respondent was in fact rarest of the rare. The confessional statement recorded by the Judicial Magistrate was worth placing reliance upon, wherein the respondent had … the case, the Court reached the conclusion that it was a case under the category of 'rarest of rare cases'. Therefore, death penalty was awarded to the respondent alongwith a fine of Rs.10,000/- in default of which
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India25 Aug 2025Full text
2025 INSC 1043 · [2025] 8 S.C.R. 2136
their best, subject of course to the limitation of human fallibility, yet situations may arise, in the rarest of the rare cases, which would require reconsideration of a final judgment to set right miscarriage of justice complained … consideration to the question, we are persuaded to hold that the duty to do justice in these rarest of rare cases shall have to prevail over the policy of certainty of judgment as though it is essentially
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India18 Jul 2011Full text
2011 INSC 498 · [2011] 9 S.C.R. 146
view that B of course to the limitation of human fallibility, yet situations may arise, in the rarest of the rare cases, which would require reconsideration of a final judgment to set right miscarriage of justice complained … consideration to the question, we are persuaded to hold that the duty to do justice in these rarest of rare cases shall .. have to prevail over the policy of certainty of judgment as D though it is essentially
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India10 Sep 2013Full text
2013 INSC 601 · [2013] 9 S.C.R. 295
The Sessions Court and the High Court are of the view that the case falls under the rarest of the rare category and the appellant did not deserve any mercy. 15. Before awarding a sentence of death … which special reasons G are to be stated. 16. The death sentence has been relegated to the 'rarest of rare' cases after the landmark decision of the Constitution H 308 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 9 S.C.R
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India26 Nov 2014Full text
2014 INSC 1033 · [2014] 14 S.C.R. 961
SUPREME COURT REPORTS. (2014] 14 S.C.R. A us to hold that this is a "rarest of rare" cases where the sentence of death is eminently desirable not only to deter others from committing such atrocious crimes but also … Singh v. . State ofA_.P.35 and eventually came to hold that the said case fell in the rarest of the rare category and the capital punishment was warranted. Being of this view, the Court declined to interfere with
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India25 Apr 2014Full text
2014 INSC 327 · [2014] 8 S.C.R. 668
SCC 546, this Court noticed aggravating C circumstances (crime test)- mitigating circumstances- (criminal test) and rarest of rare case - (R-R. test) and observed: "52. Aggravating circumstances as pointed out above, of course, are not exhaustive so also … the fullest extent and no mitigating circumstances favouring the accused, still we have to apply finally the rarest of the rare case test (R-R test). R-R test depends upon the perception of G the society that
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India9 Oct 2014Full text
2014 INSC 1016 · [2014] 10 S.C.R. 812
The crime test, criminal test and the "rarest of the rare" test are certain tests evolved by this Court. The tests basically examine whether the society abhors such crimes and whether8 such crimes shock the conscience of the … that judges should never be blood thirsty but wherever necessary in the interest of society identify the rarest of rare case and exercise the tougher option of death penalty
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India20 Apr 2011Full text
2011 INSC 319 · [2011] 5 S.C.R. 518
trite that death sentence can be inflicted only in a case which comes within the category of rarest of the rare cases but there is no hard and fast rule and the parameter to decide this vexed issue … This Court had the occasion to consider the cases -which can be termed as rarest of the rare cases and G although certain comprehensive guidelines have been laid to adjLl~ge this issue but no hard and fast
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India11 Dec 2012Full text
2012 INSC 581 · [2012] 13 S.C.R. 740
principles in Bachan Singh (supra) and Machhi Singh (supra) and proceeded to state as follows:-c "The rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence … society. The crime may be heinous or brutal but may not be in the category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the D accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India1 Jul 2014Full text
2014 INSC 445 · [2014] 6 S.C.R. 1044
Haresh Mohandas Rajput vs. State Of Maharashtra, 2011 (12) sec 56, which reads as under: "The rarest of the rare case" comes when a convict would G be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence … society. The crime may be heinous or brutal but may not be in the category of "the rarest of the rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and
Matched in judgment text
Supreme Court of India28 Nov 2013Full text
2013 INSC 794 · [2013] 12 S.C.R. 947
The rarest of the rare case' comes when a convict would be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful coexistence of the society. The crime may be E heinous or brutal but may not … the category of 'the rarest of the rare case'. There must be no reason to believe that the accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and that he is likely to continue criminal acts of violence as would constitute
Matched in judgment text
Also on Law on Tips: Bare Acts · Legal news and analysis