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Case law
Find cases by citation, principle, judge or linked provision, then read the available judgment and its source.
Case law
Find cases by citation, principle, judge or linked provision, then read the available judgment and its source.
(2017) 9 SCC 1
Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to privacy is a fundamental right emanating from Article 21 and the right to personal liberty, protecting spatial, decisional, and informational privacy.
Read case(2015) 5 SCC 1
Established clear distinction between discussion, advocacy, and incitement; Section 66A of IT Act struck down for being unconstitutionally vague, overbroad, and causing a chilling effect on speech.
Read case(2014) 2 SCC 1
Registration of FIR is mandatory under Section 154 if information discloses cognizable offence; preliminary enquiry allowed only in 5 exceptions (matrimonial, commercial, medical, corruption, abnormal delay) within 7 days. | Mandatory registration of FIR for cognizable offences applied directly under Section 173 BNSS.
Read case(2011) 4 SCC 454
Passive euthanasia permitted under strict High Court-supervised procedure (later refined in Common Cause).
Read case(2010) 7 SCC 263
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.
Read case(2009) 9 SCC 1
Reproductive choice of a mentally-challenged woman protected; no forced termination.
Read case(2000) 10 SCC 664
Development displacement balanced against safeguards; dam construction allowed with relief conditions.
Read case(2000) 2 SCC 465
Compensation for gang-rape at Rail Yatri Niwas; Article 21 protects non-citizens too.
Read case(1998) 8 SCC 296
Doctors may disclose HIV status to a prospective spouse; privacy yields to another life at risk.
Read case(1997) 6 SCC 241
Gender equality and freedom from sexual harassment at the workplace are guaranteed under Articles 14, 19, and 21; formulated Vishaka Guidelines in the absence of enacted legislation.
Read case(1997) 1 SCC 301
Telephone tapping without procedural safeguards violates privacy under Article 21; guidelines laid down.
Read case(1997) 2 SCC 353
Industries around the Taj ordered to switch fuels or relocate; environment protection under Article 21.
Read case(1996) 5 SCC 647
Precautionary principle and polluter-pays adopted into Indian environmental law.
Read case(1996) 2 SCC 648
Right to life does not include right to die; attempt provisions upheld (later revisited for dignity in dying).
Read case(1997) 1 SCC 416
Formulated 11 mandatory guidelines to prevent custodial torture and deaths; arrest memo, medical examination, and notification to relatives are mandatory Article 21 protections.
Read case(1994) 6 SCC 632
Press freedom balanced with privacy of public figures (Auto Shankar case).
Read case(1993) 1 SCC 645
Right to education for all children until the age of 14 is implicit in the right to life under Article 21, creating the constitutional foundation for Article 21A.
Read case(2017) 9 SCC 1
Manifest arbitrariness is an independent constitutional ground to invalidate primary and subordinate legislation under Article 14. Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-biddat) struck down as manifestly arbitrary.
(2017) 10 SCC 1
Unanimously affirmed that the right to privacy is a fundamental right emanating from Article 21 and the right to personal liberty, protecting spatial, decisional, and informational privacy.
Read case(2015) 5 SCC 1
Established clear distinction between discussion, advocacy, and incitement; Section 66A of IT Act struck down for being unconstitutionally vague, overbroad, and causing a chilling effect on speech.
Read case(2014) 2 SCC 1
Registration of FIR is mandatory under Section 154 if information discloses cognizable offence; preliminary enquiry allowed only in 5 exceptions (matrimonial, commercial, medical, corruption, abnormal delay) within 7 days. | Mandatory registration of FIR for cognizable offences applied directly under Section 173 BNSS.
Read case(2011) 4 SCC 454
Passive euthanasia permitted under strict High Court-supervised procedure (later refined in Common Cause).
Read case(2010) 7 SCC 263
Involuntary administration of polygraph, narco-analysis, and brain-mapping violates Articles 20(3) and 21; any subsequent discovery under Section 27 is tainted and inadmissible. | Protection against involuntary testimonial evidence and tainted discoveries applied under Section 23 BSA.
Read case(2009) 9 SCC 1
Reproductive choice of a mentally-challenged woman protected; no forced termination.
Read case(2000) 10 SCC 664
Development displacement balanced against safeguards; dam construction allowed with relief conditions.
Read case(2000) 2 SCC 465
Compensation for gang-rape at Rail Yatri Niwas; Article 21 protects non-citizens too.
Read case(1998) 8 SCC 296
Doctors may disclose HIV status to a prospective spouse; privacy yields to another life at risk.
Read case(1997) 6 SCC 241
Gender equality and freedom from sexual harassment at the workplace are guaranteed under Articles 14, 19, and 21; formulated Vishaka Guidelines in the absence of enacted legislation.
Read case(1997) 1 SCC 301
Telephone tapping without procedural safeguards violates privacy under Article 21; guidelines laid down.
Read case(1997) 2 SCC 353
Industries around the Taj ordered to switch fuels or relocate; environment protection under Article 21.
Read case(1996) 5 SCC 647
Precautionary principle and polluter-pays adopted into Indian environmental law.
Read case(1996) 2 SCC 648
Right to life does not include right to die; attempt provisions upheld (later revisited for dignity in dying).
Read case(1997) 1 SCC 416
Formulated 11 mandatory guidelines to prevent custodial torture and deaths; arrest memo, medical examination, and notification to relatives are mandatory Article 21 protections.
Read case(1994) 6 SCC 632
Press freedom balanced with privacy of public figures (Auto Shankar case).
Read case(1993) 1 SCC 645
Right to education for all children until the age of 14 is implicit in the right to life under Article 21, creating the constitutional foundation for Article 21A.
Read case