224 SUPREME COURT[2023]REPORTS2 S.C.R. 224 [2023] 2 S.C.R. A GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR & ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 1596 of 2023) B MARCH 13, 2023 [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.] Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 – s.24(2) – High Court relied upon the Supreme Court decision in case of Pune C Municipal Corporation and Anr. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors. and declared the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question deemed to have lapsed by virtue of s.24(2) of the 2013 Act – It is the specific case of the appellant-State that the possession of the land was taken – Held: The case relied on by D High Court has been overruled by the subsequent Constitution Bench decision in Indore Development authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. – Applying the law laid down by the Supreme Court to the instant case, there is no deemed lapse u/s. 24(2) of the 2013 Act – Impugned judgment of the High Court set aside – Appeal allowed. E Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal & Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129 : [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. Pune Municipal Corporation & Anr. v. Harakchand Misrimal Solanki & Ors. (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. F Case Law Reference [2020] 3 SCR followed Para 2.1, 3 [2014] 1 SCR 783 referred to Para 2 G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1596 of 2023.

From the Judgment and Order dated 02.05.2016 of the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 2512 of 2015. H 224 GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR 225 Atul Kumar, Avs Kadyan, Rajiv Ranjan, Amitabh Ranjan, Rahul A Pandey, Mrs. Archana Kumari, Mrs. Sweety Singh, Mrs. Rachita Kadyan, Advs. for the Appellants. Vikramjeet Banerjee, A.S.G., N.S. Vasisht, Ms. Jyoti Kataria, Varun Kapur, Ms. Smita Maan, Ashok Mathur, Sumit Bansal, Manish Paliwal, Rajiv Kumar Ghawana, Ranjit Singh Daler, D.V. Khatri, Mansoor B Ali, T. V. S. Raghavendra Sreyas, Ms. Manika Tripathy, Ishaan Sharma, Manish Vasisht, Ashutosh Kaushik, Nitin Mishra, Mukesh Kumar Verma, Vikas Gupta, Ms. Vuzmal Nehru, Ankit Gupta, Satya Parkash Gautam, Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Jaideep Malik, Nitesh Dhankar, Sujeet Kumar, Mahesh Chaurasia, Sunil Kumar Tomar, Ms. Soni, Ms. Reena Patel, C Ms. Niharika Ahluwalia, Varun Agarwal, Ms. Sakshi Kakkar, Mrs. Rukhmini Bobde, Prashant Rawat, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Ms. Malvika Kapila, Ms. Tanwangi Shukla, Tanwangi Shukla, Ravi Bharuka, Ankit Agarwal, Ms. Shalini Chandra, Praveen Swarup, K.P. Singh, Chandra Pratap Singh, Hari Sahteshwar, Devesh Maurya, Ms. Pratishtha Majumdar, Nishit Agrawal, Ishan Sharma, Ms. Kanishka Mittal, D Ms. Vanya Agrawal, Ms. Sunieta Ojha, Dharam Raj Ohlan, Md. Zeeshan Anjum, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Surjeet Singh, Akash, Vishwa Pal Singh, Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E M. R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 2512 of 2015 by which the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has declared that the acquisition with respect to the land in Fquestion is deemed to have lapsed by virtue of Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as: “Act, 2013”), the Government of NCT of Delhi has preferred the present appeal. 2. From the impugned judgment and order passed by the High G Court, it appears that the award under Section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as “Act, 1894”) with respect to the land in question was made as far as back on 12.07.2005. According to the appellant and so stated in the counter before the High Court, it was the specific case on behalf of the appellant that the possession of the H 226 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 2 S.C.R. A land in question was taken on 31.08.2005. However, despite the above and relying upon the earlier decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. Vs. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors., (2014) 3 SCC 183, the High Court has allowed the writ petition and has declared that the acquisition with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the B Act, 2013.

2.1 The decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. (supra), which has been heavily relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order has been subsequently overruled by this Court in the Constitution Bench decision C in the case of Indore Development Authority Vs. Manoharlal and Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129. In paragraphs 365 and 366, the Constitution Bench of this Court has observed and held as under:-“365. Resultantly, the decision rendered in Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, D (2014) 3 SCC 183] is hereby overruled and all other decisions in which Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] has been followed, are also overruled. The decision in Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. [Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. v. State E of T.N., (2015) 3 SCC 353] cannot be said to be laying down good law, is overruled and other decisions following the same are also overruled. In Indore Development Authority v. Shailendra [(2018) 3 SCC 412], the aspect with respect to the proviso to Section 24(2) and whether “or” has to be read as “nor” or as “and” was not placed for consideration. Therefore, that decision F too cannot prevail, in the light of the discussion in the present judgment. 366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under:

366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the G award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an H GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR 227 [M. R. SHAH, J.] interim order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as A provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. 366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section B 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no C lapse. Similarly, if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso D to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest E under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of F notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non- deposit of compensation in court. G The obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. H 228 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 2 S.C.R. A 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking B possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse under Section 24(2).

366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a C deemed lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the D computation of five years. 366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. E It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded proceedings nor allow landowners to question the legality of mode of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition.” F 3. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) to the facts of the case on hand, there shall not be any deemed lapse under Section 24(2) of the Act, 2013. Under the circumstances, the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and the same deserves to be quashed and set aside and is accordingly quashed and set aside. G Present appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs. Pending application, if any, also stands disposed of.

Ankit Gyan Appeal allowed. H (Assisted by : Abhishek Agnihotri, LCRA)

224 SUPREME COURT[2023]REPORTS2 S.C.R. 224 [2023] 2 S.C.R. A GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR & ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 1596 of 2023) B MARCH 13, 2023 [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.] Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 – s.24(2) – High Court relied upon the Supreme Court decision in case of Pune C Municipal Corporation and Anr. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors. and declared the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question deemed to have lapsed by virtue of s.24(2) of the 2013 Act – It is the specific case of the appellant-State that the possession of the land was taken – Held: The case relied on by D High Court has been overruled by the subsequent Constitution Bench decision in Indore Development authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. – Applying the law laid down by the Supreme Court to the instant case, there is no deemed lapse u/s. 24(2) of the 2013 Act – Impugned judgment of the High Court set aside – Appeal allowed. E Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal & Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129 : [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. Pune Municipal Corporation & Anr. v. Harakchand Misrimal Solanki & Ors. (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. F Case Law Reference [2020] 3 SCR followed Para 2.1, 3 [2014] 1 SCR 783 referred to Para 2 G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1596 of 2023.

From the Judgment and Order dated 02.05.2016 of the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 2512 of 2015. H 224 GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR 225 Atul Kumar, Avs Kadyan, Rajiv Ranjan, Amitabh Ranjan, Rahul A Pandey, Mrs. Archana Kumari, Mrs. Sweety Singh, Mrs. Rachita Kadyan, Advs. for the Appellants. Vikramjeet Banerjee, A.S.G., N.S. Vasisht, Ms. Jyoti Kataria, Varun Kapur, Ms. Smita Maan, Ashok Mathur, Sumit Bansal, Manish Paliwal, Rajiv Kumar Ghawana, Ranjit Singh Daler, D.V. Khatri, Mansoor B Ali, T. V. S. Raghavendra Sreyas, Ms. Manika Tripathy, Ishaan Sharma, Manish Vasisht, Ashutosh Kaushik, Nitin Mishra, Mukesh Kumar Verma, Vikas Gupta, Ms. Vuzmal Nehru, Ankit Gupta, Satya Parkash Gautam, Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Jaideep Malik, Nitesh Dhankar, Sujeet Kumar, Mahesh Chaurasia, Sunil Kumar Tomar, Ms. Soni, Ms. Reena Patel, C Ms. Niharika Ahluwalia, Varun Agarwal, Ms. Sakshi Kakkar, Mrs. Rukhmini Bobde, Prashant Rawat, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Ms. Malvika Kapila, Ms. Tanwangi Shukla, Tanwangi Shukla, Ravi Bharuka, Ankit Agarwal, Ms. Shalini Chandra, Praveen Swarup, K.P. Singh, Chandra Pratap Singh, Hari Sahteshwar, Devesh Maurya, Ms. Pratishtha Majumdar, Nishit Agrawal, Ishan Sharma, Ms. Kanishka Mittal, D Ms. Vanya Agrawal, Ms. Sunieta Ojha, Dharam Raj Ohlan, Md. Zeeshan Anjum, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Surjeet Singh, Akash, Vishwa Pal Singh, Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E M. R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 2512 of 2015 by which the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has declared that the acquisition with respect to the land in Fquestion is deemed to have lapsed by virtue of Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as: “Act, 2013”), the Government of NCT of Delhi has preferred the present appeal. 2. From the impugned judgment and order passed by the High G Court, it appears that the award under Section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as “Act, 1894”) with respect to the land in question was made as far as back on 12.07.2005. According to the appellant and so stated in the counter before the High Court, it was the specific case on behalf of the appellant that the possession of the H 226 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 2 S.C.R. A land in question was taken on 31.08.2005. However, despite the above and relying upon the earlier decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. Vs. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors., (2014) 3 SCC 183, the High Court has allowed the writ petition and has declared that the acquisition with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the B Act, 2013.

2.1 The decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. (supra), which has been heavily relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order has been subsequently overruled by this Court in the Constitution Bench decision C in the case of Indore Development Authority Vs. Manoharlal and Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129. In paragraphs 365 and 366, the Constitution Bench of this Court has observed and held as under:-“365. Resultantly, the decision rendered in Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, D (2014) 3 SCC 183] is hereby overruled and all other decisions in which Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] has been followed, are also overruled. The decision in Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. [Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. v. State E of T.N., (2015) 3 SCC 353] cannot be said to be laying down good law, is overruled and other decisions following the same are also overruled. In Indore Development Authority v. Shailendra [(2018) 3 SCC 412], the aspect with respect to the proviso to Section 24(2) and whether “or” has to be read as “nor” or as “and” was not placed for consideration. Therefore, that decision F too cannot prevail, in the light of the discussion in the present judgment. 366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under:

366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the G award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an H GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. SIDDHARTH KAPOOR 227 [M. R. SHAH, J.] interim order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as A provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. 366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section B 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no C lapse. Similarly, if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso D to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest E under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of F notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non- deposit of compensation in court. G The obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. H 228 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 2 S.C.R. A 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking B possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse under Section 24(2).

366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a C deemed lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the D computation of five years. 366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. E It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded proceedings nor allow landowners to question the legality of mode of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition.” F 3. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) to the facts of the case on hand, there shall not be any deemed lapse under Section 24(2) of the Act, 2013. Under the circumstances, the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and the same deserves to be quashed and set aside and is accordingly quashed and set aside. G Present appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs. Pending application, if any, also stands disposed of.

Ankit Gyan Appeal allowed. H (Assisted by : Abhishek Agnihotri, LCRA)