[2022] 3 S.C.R. 255 255 AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA A v. ANEK SINGH AND OTHERS (Civil Appeal No. 2914 of 2022) MAY 20, 2022 B [M. R. SHAH AND B. V. NAGARATHNA, JJ.] Land Acquisition – Lapse of proceedings – High Court while relying upon the decision in Pune Municipal Corporation case, had held that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in C question had lapsed under sub-section (2) of s.24 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 as the amount of compensation was not actually paid to the land owners – On appeal, held: Since the decision in Pune Municipal Corporation case was subsequently overruled by a Constitution Bench in Indore D Development Authority v. Manoharlal case , the order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and is therefore quashed and set aside – Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Others E (2020) 8 SCC 129: [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. Pune Municipal Corporation and Another v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Others (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. F Case Law Reference [2014] 1 SCR 783 Para 3 referred to [2020] 3 SCR 1 Para 3.1 followed CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.2914 of 2022. G

From the Judgment and Order dated 25.01.2017 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No.13927 of 2016 V. K. Shukla, Sr. Adv., R. K. Singh, M. M. Pandey, Mrs. Neeraj Singh, Kumar Gaurav, Praveen Pathak, Ajay Chaudhary, Ms. Ritu H 255 256 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 3 S.C.R. A Reniwal, Sajith P., Sudhir Kulshreshtha, Sameer Kulshreshtha, Rakesh Uttamchandra Upadhyay, Ms. Aarti U. Mishra, Rishabh Kumar Pandey, Mridul Singh, Advs. for the Appellant. S. R. Singh, Rana Mukherjee, Sr. Advs., Yash Pal Dhingra, Prateek Yadav, Ms. Sunita Pandit, K. K. Yadav, Prithvi Yadav, Gaurav Lomes, B Mohd. Muztaba, Ankur Yadav, Ms. Manju Jetley, Rudreshwar Singh, Kaushik Poddar, Ms. Isha Singh, Nishit Agrawal, Harsh Mishra, Kumar Deepraj, Vikas Tiwari, Dharmendra Kumar Sinha, Bhakti Vardhan Singh, Rajeev Kumar Dubey, Ashiwan Mishra, Kamlendra Mishra, Pukhrambam Ramesh Kumar, Karun Sharma, Ms. Anupama Ngangom, Mohan Dadwal, Advs. for the Respondents. C The Judgment of the Court was delivered by M. R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil D Miscellaneous Writ Petition No.13927 of 2016 by which the High Court has allowed the said writ petition preferred by the respondents herein original writ petitioners and has held that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question shall be deemed to have lapsed under Sub-section (2) of Section 24 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement E Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act 2013’), the Agra Development Authority, Agra has preferred the present appeal. 2. We have heard learned counsel for the respective parties. We have perused and considered the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court. F 3. Before the High Court it was the specific case on behalf of the Agra Development Authority – appellant herein that as such the possession of the land in question was already taken over and even the name of the Authority was mutated in the revenue records. It was also the specific case on behalf of the Authority that possession of the land in question G

was with them but the original writ petitioners illegally occupied it again. It was also the case on behalf of the Authority that the development works have already been carried out on the land in question and the entire compensation had already been deposited with the Special Land Acquisition Officer. It was also the case on behalf of the Authority that H the original writ petitioners deliberately did not take the compensation AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA v. ANEK SINGH 257 AND OTHERS [M. R. SHAH, J.] for the remaining plot measuring 6 Biswa and 15 Biswansi and therefore, A on account of the fault of the writ petitioners, the acquisition proceedings cannot lapse. However, by the impugned judgment and order the High Court has held and declared that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question shall be deemed to have lapsed under sub-section (2) of Section 24 of the Act, 2013 on the ground that the amount of B compensation was not actually paid to the land owners. While holding so the High Court has relied upon and considered the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and another versus Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and others reported in (2014) 3 SCC 183.

C 3.1 Thus, while passing the impugned judgment and order the High Court has solely relied upon the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) and other decisions in which the decision in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) was followed. (Para 12 of the impugned judgment and order) D However, the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) has been subsequently over-ruled by the Constitution Bench of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority versus Manoharlal and others, 2020) 8 SCC 129. In paragraph 366 it is observed and held as under: E “366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under: 366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. F 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an interim order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. G

366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the H 258 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 3 S.C.R. A said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no lapse. Similarly, if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

B 366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the C 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land D acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation E as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non-deposit of compensation in court. The obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim F that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act G and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse H under Section 24(2). AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA v. ANEK SINGH 259 AND OTHERS [M. R. SHAH, J.]

366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to A new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded proceedings nor allow landowners to question the B legality of mode of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition. 366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a deemed lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities C have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the computation of five years.” D 4. In view of the above Constitution Bench decision of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) and the earlier decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) has been specifically overruled by this Court, which has been relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and E order, the same passed by the High Court is unsustainable and it deserves to be quashed and set aside.

4.1 In view of the decision of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) and considering the facts and circumstances narrated hereinabove, it cannot be said that the acquisition Fproceedings with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under the provisions of the Act, 2013. 5. In view of the above discussion and for the reasons stated above present appeal succeeds. The impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is hereby quashed and set aside. Consequently, the Gwrit petition preferred by the original writ petitioner before the High Court stands dismissed. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Appeal allowed. H

[2022] 3 S.C.R. 255 255 AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA A v. ANEK SINGH AND OTHERS (Civil Appeal No. 2914 of 2022) MAY 20, 2022 B [M. R. SHAH AND B. V. NAGARATHNA, JJ.] Land Acquisition – Lapse of proceedings – High Court while relying upon the decision in Pune Municipal Corporation case, had held that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in C question had lapsed under sub-section (2) of s.24 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 as the amount of compensation was not actually paid to the land owners – On appeal, held: Since the decision in Pune Municipal Corporation case was subsequently overruled by a Constitution Bench in Indore D Development Authority v. Manoharlal case , the order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and is therefore quashed and set aside – Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Others E (2020) 8 SCC 129: [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. Pune Municipal Corporation and Another v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Others (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. F Case Law Reference [2014] 1 SCR 783 Para 3 referred to [2020] 3 SCR 1 Para 3.1 followed CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.2914 of 2022. G

From the Judgment and Order dated 25.01.2017 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No.13927 of 2016 V. K. Shukla, Sr. Adv., R. K. Singh, M. M. Pandey, Mrs. Neeraj Singh, Kumar Gaurav, Praveen Pathak, Ajay Chaudhary, Ms. Ritu H 255 256 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 3 S.C.R. A Reniwal, Sajith P., Sudhir Kulshreshtha, Sameer Kulshreshtha, Rakesh Uttamchandra Upadhyay, Ms. Aarti U. Mishra, Rishabh Kumar Pandey, Mridul Singh, Advs. for the Appellant. S. R. Singh, Rana Mukherjee, Sr. Advs., Yash Pal Dhingra, Prateek Yadav, Ms. Sunita Pandit, K. K. Yadav, Prithvi Yadav, Gaurav Lomes, B Mohd. Muztaba, Ankur Yadav, Ms. Manju Jetley, Rudreshwar Singh, Kaushik Poddar, Ms. Isha Singh, Nishit Agrawal, Harsh Mishra, Kumar Deepraj, Vikas Tiwari, Dharmendra Kumar Sinha, Bhakti Vardhan Singh, Rajeev Kumar Dubey, Ashiwan Mishra, Kamlendra Mishra, Pukhrambam Ramesh Kumar, Karun Sharma, Ms. Anupama Ngangom, Mohan Dadwal, Advs. for the Respondents. C The Judgment of the Court was delivered by M. R. SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil D Miscellaneous Writ Petition No.13927 of 2016 by which the High Court has allowed the said writ petition preferred by the respondents herein original writ petitioners and has held that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question shall be deemed to have lapsed under Sub-section (2) of Section 24 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement E Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act 2013’), the Agra Development Authority, Agra has preferred the present appeal. 2. We have heard learned counsel for the respective parties. We have perused and considered the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court. F 3. Before the High Court it was the specific case on behalf of the Agra Development Authority – appellant herein that as such the possession of the land in question was already taken over and even the name of the Authority was mutated in the revenue records. It was also the specific case on behalf of the Authority that possession of the land in question G

was with them but the original writ petitioners illegally occupied it again. It was also the case on behalf of the Authority that the development works have already been carried out on the land in question and the entire compensation had already been deposited with the Special Land Acquisition Officer. It was also the case on behalf of the Authority that H the original writ petitioners deliberately did not take the compensation AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA v. ANEK SINGH 257 AND OTHERS [M. R. SHAH, J.] for the remaining plot measuring 6 Biswa and 15 Biswansi and therefore, A on account of the fault of the writ petitioners, the acquisition proceedings cannot lapse. However, by the impugned judgment and order the High Court has held and declared that the acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question shall be deemed to have lapsed under sub-section (2) of Section 24 of the Act, 2013 on the ground that the amount of B compensation was not actually paid to the land owners. While holding so the High Court has relied upon and considered the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and another versus Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and others reported in (2014) 3 SCC 183.

C 3.1 Thus, while passing the impugned judgment and order the High Court has solely relied upon the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) and other decisions in which the decision in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) was followed. (Para 12 of the impugned judgment and order) D However, the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) has been subsequently over-ruled by the Constitution Bench of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority versus Manoharlal and others, 2020) 8 SCC 129. In paragraph 366 it is observed and held as under: E “366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under: 366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. F 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an interim order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. G

366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the H 258 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 3 S.C.R. A said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no lapse. Similarly, if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

B 366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the C 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land D acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation E as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non-deposit of compensation in court. The obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim F that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act G and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse H under Section 24(2). AGRA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGRA v. ANEK SINGH 259 AND OTHERS [M. R. SHAH, J.]

366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to A new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded proceedings nor allow landowners to question the B legality of mode of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition. 366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a deemed lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities C have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the computation of five years.” D 4. In view of the above Constitution Bench decision of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) and the earlier decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation (supra) has been specifically overruled by this Court, which has been relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and E order, the same passed by the High Court is unsustainable and it deserves to be quashed and set aside.

4.1 In view of the decision of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra) and considering the facts and circumstances narrated hereinabove, it cannot be said that the acquisition Fproceedings with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under the provisions of the Act, 2013. 5. In view of the above discussion and for the reasons stated above present appeal succeeds. The impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is hereby quashed and set aside. Consequently, the Gwrit petition preferred by the original writ petitioner before the High Court stands dismissed. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Appeal allowed. H