[2022] 1 S.C.R. 1113 1113 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY A v. RAVINDRA KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS (Civil Appeal No. 382 of 2012) FEBRUARY 15, 2022 B [HEMANT GUPTA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, JJ.] Suit – Suit for declaration – The wife of respondent was allotted a plot in Sector 15A, Noida on 10.3.1981 – She sworn on affidavit dated 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned C any other plot in Noida – On 6.10.1981 respondent was allotted residential plot in Sector 30, Noida – The allotment was inter alia subject to term and condition that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or dependent children owning a plot within Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida – Respondent D filed affidavit alongwith his letter dated 1.12.1988 stating that he, his spouse and dependent children did not own in full or part any residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi and New Delhi – The wife of respondent transferred the Sec 15A plot vide transfer deed executed on 25.10.1990 – Respondent was served notice on E

12.6.1996 that the Sector 30 plot had been obtained by him by submitting a false affidavit as Sector 15A plot was already allotted to his wife – After reply to notice, the allotment was cancelled on 18.10.1996 – Respondent filed suit for declaration restraining the appellant from re-allocating the Sec 30 plot & from dispossessing the respondent – Trial court decreed the suit – First Appellate Court F and the High Court affirmed the findings of trial court – Held: The second plot (Sector 30 plot) allotted to the respondent had been allotted against the express terms of allotment – There is neither equity nor any law in favor of the respondent – A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled G to any relief – Judgment & decree of the Courts below set aside – Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, 1976 – s.14. Affidavit – Filing of false affidavit – Effect – Held: Affidavits are not mere sheet of paper but a solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation – H 1113 1114 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A The filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief – On facts, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing false affidavit was a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud – Effect – Held: It vitiates all actions. Allowing the appeal, the Court B

HELD:1. The plaintiff had invoked the jurisdiction of the Civil Court even though he had filed a false affidavit that his spouse or dependent children have not been allotted any plot. [Para 14][1121-B]

2. It is an admitted fact that the wife of the plaintiff was C allotted Sector 15A plot on 10.3.1981. The wife sworn an affidavit on 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned any other plot in Noida. It was on 6.10.1981 that the plaintiff was informed about allotment of residential plot measuring 450 sq. yards in Sector 30. The allotment was said to be subject to terms and D conditions as enclosed.Such terms show that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or dependent children owning a plot within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida. The affidavit of the wife of the plaintiff was false as the plot measuring 450 sq. yards stood allotted to the plaintiff on 6.10.1981. E Therefore, on the date the wife of the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the Sector 30 plot was already allotted to the plaintiff. The argument that plot might have been allotted but the possession was not with the wife of the plaintiff is incorrect. The affidavit was to the effect that she has not been allotted any plot F either in her name or in the name of her husband. The affidavit was not that the plot has been allotted but possession has not been delivered. On the other hand, the plaintiff had sworn an affidavit, sent to the appellant with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on leasehold or freehold basis any residential plot. Even G this affidavit is in respect of allotment of a plot not in respect of delivery of possession. It may be stated that when in 1988, the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the lease deed dated 31.1.1983 already stood executed in respect of Sector 15A plot. Since the H

NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1115 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS lease was executed, the wife of the plaintiff applied for permission A to transfer which was granted and transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. The permission was granted by the appellant without having knowledge of the fact that the husband of the allottee has already been allotted a separate plot. Once an affidavit has been filed which is on the face of it false to the knowledge of the B executants, no benefit can be claimed on the ground that delivery of possession was given. [Paras 15 & 16][1121-C-H; 1122-A-B] 3. Affidavits filed are not mere sheet of paper but a solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation. The plaintiff had breached such solemn Cstatement made on oath. The terms and conditions of allotment conveyed to the plaintiff on 1.12.1988 have a specific clause that if allotment is obtained by any misrepresentation or misstatement or fraud, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken by the Authority. Therefore, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing D false affidavit is a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud vitiates all actions. [Paras 18 & 19][1122-F-H; 1123-A]

4. The argument that the lease was required to be determined by the Chief Executive Officer is not tenable. The determination of lease by the Chief Executive Officer would arise E if in case there was any violation of the terms of lease. If the condition precedent for grant of lease itself was fraudulent, the cancellation of lease was not required to be preceeded by permission of the Chief Executive Officer. Still further, the Chief Executive Officer has granted permission on 13.9.1998, though Fthe cancellation order was passed on 18.10.1996. Thus, it is a case of irregularity at best which stands removed with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer. The argument that if the statute prescribes a power to do a certain thing in a certain way, such thing must be done in that way and other modes of performance are necessarily forbidden is not applicable in the G present case. Firstly, for the reason that admittedly, false affidavits were filed by the plaintiff as well as by his wife. The filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief. H 1116 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A Secondly, any irregularity in the process of cancellation stands cured with Chief Executive Officer granting permission on 13.9.1998. [Para 20][1123-E-H; 1124-A] 5. The fact is that the second plot allotted to the plaintiff had been allotted against the express terms of allotment.

B Therefore, there is neither equity nor any law in favor of the plaintiff. A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled to any relief. [Para 23] [1124-C-D] ITC Limited v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors. (2011) 7 C SCC 493 : [2011] 7 SCR 66; Teri Oat Estates (P) Ltd. v. U.T., Chandigarh & Ors. (2004) 2 SCC 130 : [2003] 6 Suppl. SCR 1235 and Managing Director, Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation & Ors. v. Hari Om Enterprises & Anr. (2009) 16 SCC 208 : [2008] 9 SCR 821 – distinguished. D M. Veerabhadra Rao v. Tek Chand 1984 (Supp) SCC 571: 1985 SCR 1003 – referred to. S.P. Chengalvaraya Naidu (Dead) by LRs. v. Jagannath (Dead) by LRs. & Ors. (1994) 1 SCC 1: [1993] 3 Suppl. SCR 422 – relied on. E Case Law Reference [2011] 7 SCR 66 distinguished Para 12 [2003] 6 Suppl. SCR 1235 distinguished Para 13 F [2008] 9 SCR 821 distinguished Para 13 [1985] SCR 1003 referred to Para 17 [1993] 3 Suppl. SCR 422 relied on Para19 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 382 of 2012. G From the Judgment and Order dated 25.02.2010 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh in Second Appeal No.363 of 2000. H NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1117 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS Ravindra Kumar, Sr. Adv., Binay Kumar Das, Ms. Priyanka Das, A Ms. Neha Das, Advs. for the Appellant. P. S. Patwalia, Sr. Adv., Manish K. Bishnoi, Ms. Pallavii Singh, Ms. Harshika Verma, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B HEMANT GUPTA, J. 1. The present appeal has been filed by the original defendant against the judgment and decree passed by the High Court on 25.02.2010 upholding the findings of the first Appellate Court dated 19.12.1999 whereby the decree of the Trial Court was affirmed. C 2. The plaintiff-respondent was allotted a residential plot No. D-49, Sector- 30, Noida1 as a member of the Defence Services Cooperative Housing Society on 06.10.1981. The possession of the plot was handed over to him on 24.08.1991. 3. However, prior to the allotment of the said plot, plot No. 84, D Sector- 15A, Noida2 was allotted to Smt. Amila Singhvi, wife of the plaintiff on 10.03.1981. As per the pleaded case of the plaintiff, there was an uncertainty on account of litigation between the Society of which he was a member with the appellant authority. Therefore, the plot at Sector 15A was applied for, which was allotted to the plaintiff’s wife on E 10.3.1981. It was pleaded that since the plaintiff was interested in Sector 30 plot as member of the Society, therefore, the wife of the plaintiff transferred the Sector 15A plot in favor of one Mrs. Kanta Modi after obtaining permission from the appellant. Later, a transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. F

4. The plaintiff was served with a notice on 12.06.1996 that the Sector 30 plot had been obtained by him by submitting a false affidavit as Sector 15A plot was already allotted to his wife. The grievance of the plaintiff was that since the Sector 15A plot has been sold after obtaining permission from the appellant, therefore, the Sector 30 plot was the only plot in possession of the plaintiff. With the said claim, the suit for G declaration was filed restraining the defendant from re-allocating the Sector 30 plot and from dispossessing the plaintiff from the same. After considering the reply, the plot was cancelled on 18.10.1996. 1 Hereinafter referred to as ‘Sector 30 Plot’ 2 Hereinafter referred to as ‘Sector 15A Plot’ H 1118 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A 5. In the written statement filed by the appellant, it was asserted that there was no litigation in respect of the Sector 15A plot and that the plaintiff was aware of the allotment of the Sector 15A plot when Sector 30 plot was allotted. However, the plaintiff intentionally concealed such factum of allotment and filed a false affidavit for the Sector 30 plot. It was also pleaded that the plaintiff was aware of the terms and conditions B

of allotment that the plaintiff and his wife cannot retain both the plots separately. The Sector 15A plot was sold only to conceal the fact of obtaining double allotment. It was further contended that Sector 15A plot was allotted on 10.03.1981 and the wife of the plaintiff sworn an affidavit on 04.03.1983 that the allotee, her spouse and dependent children C have not been allotted residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi or New Delhi. The plaintiff was allotted Sector 30 plot on 06.10.1981. The plaintiff had also filed an affidavit along with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children did not own in full or part any residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi and New Delhi. The affidavit filed by the plaintiff reads thus: D “AFFIDAVIT I, Ravindra Kumar Singhvi S/o Late Shri K.M. Singhvi R/o of E-227, East of Kailash, New Delhi-110065, aged about 39 years do hereby solemnly affirm and state on oath as under:-E 1. That I have attained the age of majority on 26.01.1968. 2. That I am a bonafide and registered member of the Defence Services Cooperative Housing Society (Regd.) in my own name and right on May 1, 1976. 3. That I have deposited Rs.125/- as membership fee of the F above cooperative housing society on 18.07.1975.

4. That I, my spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on lease hold or free hold basis any residential plot or house in NOIDA and have not been allotted any plot, or house on hire purchase basis in NOIDA complex.” G 6. The learned Trial Court decreed the suit inter alia on the ground that the lease executed in favour of the plaintiff cannot be determined merely by passing the subject order in terms of Section 111 (g) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1887 as no notice for determination of lease under the said section has been issued. Therefore, all rights in the lease would survive. The first Appellate Court and the High Court affirmed H NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1119 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] the findings recorded by the Trial Court. The High Court further held A that plaintiff and his wife had no ulterior motive to perpetrate fraud on the appellants. It was noted that there was no willful or dishonest intention on the part of the plaintiff and his wife.

7. Learned counsel for the appellant herein argued that the entire basis of the decree passed by the Courts was erroneous and wholly B untenable in law. Lease was not cancelled for the reason that there was any violation of the terms and conditions of the lease. The allotment was cancelled as false affidavits were filed by the allotees of both the plots which knocks down the very allotment since it was obtained by concealing material facts. The appellant had a policy that a family would not get Cmore than one plot so as to provide housing to large number of citizens. 8. Learned counsel for the appellant also referred to the letter of allotment of plot to the plaintiff dated 6.10.1981 along with the terms and conditions for the sale of developed leasehold rights of residential plots to the members of the Cooperative Housing Building Societies in New DOkhla Industrial Development Area (NOIDA). It was contended that such terms and conditions were applicable to all the Cooperative Housing Building Societies. The relevant conditions read thus: “1. ELIGIBILITY: Any person who is competent to contract. A person himself owning E or in the case of his/her spouse or dependent children owning a plot or house within municipal corporations of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida Complex will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in NOIDA. 2. NOTE MORE THAN ONE PLOT: F

An eligible person will be allotted not more than one residential plot in the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority. Area separately eligible for allotment of plot and for this purpose they shall be treated as a single eligible person. xxx xxx xxx G 15. LEASE DEED AND OTHER CONDTIONS OF LEASE xxx xxx xxx (I) If the allotment of lease of the plot is obtained by any misrepresentation misstatement or fraud or if there is any breach H 1120 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A of the conditions of the lease, the allotment or as the case may be, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken over by the Authority and the lessee will not be entitled to any compensation.” 9. Thus, it was averred that the allotment was cancelled for the B reason that the wife of the plaintiff was allotted a plot earlier in point of time but still, the plaintiff filed an affidavit not disclosing the allotment of such plot to his spouse. Thus, it was a violation of the terms and conditions of the allotment.

10. On the other hand, Mr. P.S. Patwalia, learned senior counsel C for the plaintiff argued that the terms and conditions of the sale of developed leasehold rights have not been produced on record. The plaintiff became the member of the Cooperative Housing Society in the year 1976 but the disputes were pending for a long time. Therefore, the plot at Sector 15A was sought, which was allotted to his wife. Subsequently, after the settlement of the dispute, such plot was allotted to the Society D and as a member of the Society, he has been allotted a residential plot. 11. It has been admitted by the plaintiff-respondent that on account of dispute regarding the allotment, no construction has been raised over the said plot. 12. It was further submitted that in terms of Section 14 of the E Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, 1976, the Chief Executive Officer can resume the site or building in case of non-payment of consideration or any installment or breach of any condition of such transfer or breach of any rule or regulation made. The judgment of this Court reported as ITC Limited v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.3 has F been relied upon to submit that in case a lessee commits default in paying either the premium or lease amount or commits breach of any term of the lease, the Chief Executive Officer alone can resume the plot. The Authority to resume implies and includes the Authority to unilaterally cancel the lease as well.

G 13. It was also argued that the finding of fact recorded by the trial court and affirmed by the First Appellate Court was not interfered with by the High Court in the second appeal as no substantial question of law arose for consideration. Learned counsel for the respondent also relied H 3 (2011) 7 SCC 493 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1121 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] upon judgments of this Court reported as Teri Oat Estates (P) Ltd. v. A U.T., Chandigarh & Ors.4 and Managing Director, Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation & Ors. v. Hari Om Enterprises & Anr.5 to contend that determination of lease has to be the last resort. 14. We have heard learned counsels for the parties and find that the plaintiff had invoked the jurisdiction of the Civil Court even though B he had filed a false affidavit that his spouse or dependent children have not been allotted any plot.

15. It is an admitted fact that the wife of the plaintiff was allotted Sector 15A plot on 10.3.1981. The wife sworn an affidavit on 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned any other plot in Noida. It was on C 6.10.1981 that the plaintiff was informed about allotment of residential plot measuring 450 sq. yards in Sector 30. The allotment was said to be subject to terms and conditions as enclosed. The relevant extract from such terms and conditions have been reproduced above. Such terms clearly show that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or Ddependent children owning a plot within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida. The affidavit of the wife of the plaintiff was false as the plot measuring 450 sq. yards stood allotted to the plaintiff on 6.10.1981. Therefore, on the date the wife of the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the Sector 30 plot was already allotted to the plaintiff. The argument E that plot might have been allotted but the possession was not with the wife of the plaintiff is incorrect. The affidavit was to the effect that she has not been allotted any plot either in her name or in the name of her husband. The affidavit was not that the plot has been allotted but possession has not been delivered. F

16. On the other hand, the plaintiff had sworn an affidavit, sent to the appellant with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on leasehold or freehold basis any residential plot. Even this affidavit is in respect of allotment of a plot not in respect of delivery of possession. It may be stated that Gwhen in 1988, the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the lease deed dated 31.1.1983 already stood executed in respect of Sector 15A plot. Since the lease was executed, the wife of the plaintiff applied for 4 (2004) 2 SCC 130 5 (2009) 16 SCC 208 H 1122 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A permission to transfer which was granted and transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. The permission was granted by the appellant without having knowledge of the fact that the husband of the allottee has already been allotted a separate plot. Once an affidavit has been filed which is on the face of it false to the knowledge of the executants, no benefit can be claimed on the ground that delivery of possession B was given. 17. In M. Veerabhadra Rao Vs. Tek Chand6, this Court was considering an affidavit attested by an Advocate in terms of Section 3(2) of the Oaths Act, 1969. The conduct of appellant to attest an affidavit without oath and the attestation on the representation of the respondent C that it bears his signatures, came up for consideration. In these circumstances, this Court held as under:

“17. The expression ‘affidavit’ has been commonly understood to mean a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorised Magistrate or officer. Affidavit D has been defined in sub-clause (3) of Section 3 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 to include ‘affirmation and declaration in the case of person by law allowed to affirm or declare instead of swearing.’ The essential ingredients of an affidavit are that the statements or declarations are made by the deponent relevant to E the subject matter and in order to add sanctity to it, he swears or affirms the truth of the statements made in the presence of a person who in law is authorised either to administer oath or to accept the affirmation……” 18. Therefore, affidavits filed were not mere sheet of paper but a F solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation. The plaintiff had breached such solemn statement made on oath. 19. The terms and conditions of allotment conveyed to the plaintiff on 1.12.1988 have a specific clause that if allotment is obtained by any G misrepresentation or misstatement or fraud, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken by the Authority. Therefore, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing false affidavit is a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud H 6 1984 (Supp) SCC 571 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1123

KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] vitiates all actions as laid down by this Court in S.P. Chengalvaraya A Naidu (Dead) by LRs. v. Jagannath (Dead) by LRs. & Ors.7 wherein it was held as under: “5. The High Court, in our view, fell into patent error. The short question before the High Court was whether in the facts and circumstances of this case, Jagannath obtained the preliminary B decree by playing fraud on the court. The High Court, however, went haywire and made observations which are wholly perverse. We do not agree with the High Court that “there is no legal duty cast upon the plaintiff to come to court with a true case and prove it by true evidence”. The principle of “finality of litigation” cannot C be pressed to the extent of such an absurdity that it becomes an engine of fraud in the hands of dishonest litigants. The courts of law are meant for imparting justice between the parties. One who comes to the court, must come with clean hands. We are constrained to say that more often than not, process of the court is being abused. Property-grabbers, tax- evaders, bank-loan- D dodgers and other unscrupulous persons from all walks of life find the court-process a convenient lever to retain the illegal gains indefinitely. We have no hesitation to say that a person, who’s case is based on falsehood, has no right to approach the court. He can be summarily thrown out at any stage of the litigation.” E

20. The argument that the lease was required to be determined by the Chief Executive Officer is not tenable. The determination of lease by the Chief Executive Officer would arise if in case there was any violation of the terms of lease. If the condition precedent for grant of lease itself was fraudulent, the cancellation of lease was not required to F be preceeded by permission of the Chief Executive Officer. Still further, the Chief Executive Officer has granted permission on 13.9.1998, though the cancellation order was passed on 18.10.1996. Thus, it is a case of irregularity at best which stands removed with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer. The argument that if the statute prescribes a power to do a certain thing in a certain way, such thing must be done in G that way and other modes of performance are necessarily forbidden is not applicable in the present case. Firstly, for the reason that admittedly, false affidavits were filed by the plaintiff as well as by his wife. The 7 (1994) 1 SCC 1 H 1124 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief. Secondly, any irregularity in the process of cancellation stands cured with Chief Executive Officer granting permission on 13.9.1998.

21. The judgment in ITC Limited as relied upon by the respondent is on altogether different facts. In that case, the allotment made in favour B of ITC Limited was subject matter of challenge in Public Interest Litigation in writ petitions filed before the Allahabad High Court. The issue was in respect of cancellation of lease on account of violation of the terms, not based upon fraud in obtaining the lease. 22. The judgments of this Court in Teri Oat Estates and Hari C Om Enterprises are also on different facts wherein the Doctrine of Proportionality was applied. 23. The fact is that the second plot allotted to the plaintiff had been allotted against the express terms of allotment. Therefore, there is neither equity nor any law in favor of the plaintiff. A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled to any relief. D 24. Consequently, the appeal is allowed. The judgment and decree of the courts below are set aside and the suit is thus dismissed. Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Appeal allowed. E (Assisted by : Neha Sharma, LCRA) F G H

[2022] 1 S.C.R. 1113 1113 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY A v. RAVINDRA KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS (Civil Appeal No. 382 of 2012) FEBRUARY 15, 2022 B [HEMANT GUPTA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, JJ.] Suit – Suit for declaration – The wife of respondent was allotted a plot in Sector 15A, Noida on 10.3.1981 – She sworn on affidavit dated 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned C any other plot in Noida – On 6.10.1981 respondent was allotted residential plot in Sector 30, Noida – The allotment was inter alia subject to term and condition that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or dependent children owning a plot within Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida – Respondent D filed affidavit alongwith his letter dated 1.12.1988 stating that he, his spouse and dependent children did not own in full or part any residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi and New Delhi – The wife of respondent transferred the Sec 15A plot vide transfer deed executed on 25.10.1990 – Respondent was served notice on E

12.6.1996 that the Sector 30 plot had been obtained by him by submitting a false affidavit as Sector 15A plot was already allotted to his wife – After reply to notice, the allotment was cancelled on 18.10.1996 – Respondent filed suit for declaration restraining the appellant from re-allocating the Sec 30 plot & from dispossessing the respondent – Trial court decreed the suit – First Appellate Court F and the High Court affirmed the findings of trial court – Held: The second plot (Sector 30 plot) allotted to the respondent had been allotted against the express terms of allotment – There is neither equity nor any law in favor of the respondent – A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled G to any relief – Judgment & decree of the Courts below set aside – Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, 1976 – s.14. Affidavit – Filing of false affidavit – Effect – Held: Affidavits are not mere sheet of paper but a solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation – H 1113 1114 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A The filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief – On facts, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing false affidavit was a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud – Effect – Held: It vitiates all actions. Allowing the appeal, the Court B

HELD:1. The plaintiff had invoked the jurisdiction of the Civil Court even though he had filed a false affidavit that his spouse or dependent children have not been allotted any plot. [Para 14][1121-B]

2. It is an admitted fact that the wife of the plaintiff was C allotted Sector 15A plot on 10.3.1981. The wife sworn an affidavit on 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned any other plot in Noida. It was on 6.10.1981 that the plaintiff was informed about allotment of residential plot measuring 450 sq. yards in Sector 30. The allotment was said to be subject to terms and D conditions as enclosed.Such terms show that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or dependent children owning a plot within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida. The affidavit of the wife of the plaintiff was false as the plot measuring 450 sq. yards stood allotted to the plaintiff on 6.10.1981. E Therefore, on the date the wife of the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the Sector 30 plot was already allotted to the plaintiff. The argument that plot might have been allotted but the possession was not with the wife of the plaintiff is incorrect. The affidavit was to the effect that she has not been allotted any plot F either in her name or in the name of her husband. The affidavit was not that the plot has been allotted but possession has not been delivered. On the other hand, the plaintiff had sworn an affidavit, sent to the appellant with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on leasehold or freehold basis any residential plot. Even G this affidavit is in respect of allotment of a plot not in respect of delivery of possession. It may be stated that when in 1988, the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the lease deed dated 31.1.1983 already stood executed in respect of Sector 15A plot. Since the H

NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1115 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS lease was executed, the wife of the plaintiff applied for permission A to transfer which was granted and transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. The permission was granted by the appellant without having knowledge of the fact that the husband of the allottee has already been allotted a separate plot. Once an affidavit has been filed which is on the face of it false to the knowledge of the B executants, no benefit can be claimed on the ground that delivery of possession was given. [Paras 15 & 16][1121-C-H; 1122-A-B] 3. Affidavits filed are not mere sheet of paper but a solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation. The plaintiff had breached such solemn Cstatement made on oath. The terms and conditions of allotment conveyed to the plaintiff on 1.12.1988 have a specific clause that if allotment is obtained by any misrepresentation or misstatement or fraud, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken by the Authority. Therefore, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing D false affidavit is a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud vitiates all actions. [Paras 18 & 19][1122-F-H; 1123-A]

4. The argument that the lease was required to be determined by the Chief Executive Officer is not tenable. The determination of lease by the Chief Executive Officer would arise E if in case there was any violation of the terms of lease. If the condition precedent for grant of lease itself was fraudulent, the cancellation of lease was not required to be preceeded by permission of the Chief Executive Officer. Still further, the Chief Executive Officer has granted permission on 13.9.1998, though Fthe cancellation order was passed on 18.10.1996. Thus, it is a case of irregularity at best which stands removed with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer. The argument that if the statute prescribes a power to do a certain thing in a certain way, such thing must be done in that way and other modes of performance are necessarily forbidden is not applicable in the G present case. Firstly, for the reason that admittedly, false affidavits were filed by the plaintiff as well as by his wife. The filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief. H 1116 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A Secondly, any irregularity in the process of cancellation stands cured with Chief Executive Officer granting permission on 13.9.1998. [Para 20][1123-E-H; 1124-A] 5. The fact is that the second plot allotted to the plaintiff had been allotted against the express terms of allotment.

B Therefore, there is neither equity nor any law in favor of the plaintiff. A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled to any relief. [Para 23] [1124-C-D] ITC Limited v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors. (2011) 7 C SCC 493 : [2011] 7 SCR 66; Teri Oat Estates (P) Ltd. v. U.T., Chandigarh & Ors. (2004) 2 SCC 130 : [2003] 6 Suppl. SCR 1235 and Managing Director, Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation & Ors. v. Hari Om Enterprises & Anr. (2009) 16 SCC 208 : [2008] 9 SCR 821 – distinguished. D M. Veerabhadra Rao v. Tek Chand 1984 (Supp) SCC 571: 1985 SCR 1003 – referred to. S.P. Chengalvaraya Naidu (Dead) by LRs. v. Jagannath (Dead) by LRs. & Ors. (1994) 1 SCC 1: [1993] 3 Suppl. SCR 422 – relied on. E Case Law Reference [2011] 7 SCR 66 distinguished Para 12 [2003] 6 Suppl. SCR 1235 distinguished Para 13 F [2008] 9 SCR 821 distinguished Para 13 [1985] SCR 1003 referred to Para 17 [1993] 3 Suppl. SCR 422 relied on Para19 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 382 of 2012. G From the Judgment and Order dated 25.02.2010 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh in Second Appeal No.363 of 2000. H NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1117 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS Ravindra Kumar, Sr. Adv., Binay Kumar Das, Ms. Priyanka Das, A Ms. Neha Das, Advs. for the Appellant. P. S. Patwalia, Sr. Adv., Manish K. Bishnoi, Ms. Pallavii Singh, Ms. Harshika Verma, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B HEMANT GUPTA, J. 1. The present appeal has been filed by the original defendant against the judgment and decree passed by the High Court on 25.02.2010 upholding the findings of the first Appellate Court dated 19.12.1999 whereby the decree of the Trial Court was affirmed. C 2. The plaintiff-respondent was allotted a residential plot No. D-49, Sector- 30, Noida1 as a member of the Defence Services Cooperative Housing Society on 06.10.1981. The possession of the plot was handed over to him on 24.08.1991. 3. However, prior to the allotment of the said plot, plot No. 84, D Sector- 15A, Noida2 was allotted to Smt. Amila Singhvi, wife of the plaintiff on 10.03.1981. As per the pleaded case of the plaintiff, there was an uncertainty on account of litigation between the Society of which he was a member with the appellant authority. Therefore, the plot at Sector 15A was applied for, which was allotted to the plaintiff’s wife on E 10.3.1981. It was pleaded that since the plaintiff was interested in Sector 30 plot as member of the Society, therefore, the wife of the plaintiff transferred the Sector 15A plot in favor of one Mrs. Kanta Modi after obtaining permission from the appellant. Later, a transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. F

4. The plaintiff was served with a notice on 12.06.1996 that the Sector 30 plot had been obtained by him by submitting a false affidavit as Sector 15A plot was already allotted to his wife. The grievance of the plaintiff was that since the Sector 15A plot has been sold after obtaining permission from the appellant, therefore, the Sector 30 plot was the only plot in possession of the plaintiff. With the said claim, the suit for G declaration was filed restraining the defendant from re-allocating the Sector 30 plot and from dispossessing the plaintiff from the same. After considering the reply, the plot was cancelled on 18.10.1996. 1 Hereinafter referred to as ‘Sector 30 Plot’ 2 Hereinafter referred to as ‘Sector 15A Plot’ H 1118 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A 5. In the written statement filed by the appellant, it was asserted that there was no litigation in respect of the Sector 15A plot and that the plaintiff was aware of the allotment of the Sector 15A plot when Sector 30 plot was allotted. However, the plaintiff intentionally concealed such factum of allotment and filed a false affidavit for the Sector 30 plot. It was also pleaded that the plaintiff was aware of the terms and conditions B

of allotment that the plaintiff and his wife cannot retain both the plots separately. The Sector 15A plot was sold only to conceal the fact of obtaining double allotment. It was further contended that Sector 15A plot was allotted on 10.03.1981 and the wife of the plaintiff sworn an affidavit on 04.03.1983 that the allotee, her spouse and dependent children C have not been allotted residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi or New Delhi. The plaintiff was allotted Sector 30 plot on 06.10.1981. The plaintiff had also filed an affidavit along with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children did not own in full or part any residential plot/house/flat in Noida, Delhi and New Delhi. The affidavit filed by the plaintiff reads thus: D “AFFIDAVIT I, Ravindra Kumar Singhvi S/o Late Shri K.M. Singhvi R/o of E-227, East of Kailash, New Delhi-110065, aged about 39 years do hereby solemnly affirm and state on oath as under:-E 1. That I have attained the age of majority on 26.01.1968. 2. That I am a bonafide and registered member of the Defence Services Cooperative Housing Society (Regd.) in my own name and right on May 1, 1976. 3. That I have deposited Rs.125/- as membership fee of the F above cooperative housing society on 18.07.1975.

4. That I, my spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on lease hold or free hold basis any residential plot or house in NOIDA and have not been allotted any plot, or house on hire purchase basis in NOIDA complex.” G 6. The learned Trial Court decreed the suit inter alia on the ground that the lease executed in favour of the plaintiff cannot be determined merely by passing the subject order in terms of Section 111 (g) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1887 as no notice for determination of lease under the said section has been issued. Therefore, all rights in the lease would survive. The first Appellate Court and the High Court affirmed H NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1119 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] the findings recorded by the Trial Court. The High Court further held A that plaintiff and his wife had no ulterior motive to perpetrate fraud on the appellants. It was noted that there was no willful or dishonest intention on the part of the plaintiff and his wife.

7. Learned counsel for the appellant herein argued that the entire basis of the decree passed by the Courts was erroneous and wholly B untenable in law. Lease was not cancelled for the reason that there was any violation of the terms and conditions of the lease. The allotment was cancelled as false affidavits were filed by the allotees of both the plots which knocks down the very allotment since it was obtained by concealing material facts. The appellant had a policy that a family would not get Cmore than one plot so as to provide housing to large number of citizens. 8. Learned counsel for the appellant also referred to the letter of allotment of plot to the plaintiff dated 6.10.1981 along with the terms and conditions for the sale of developed leasehold rights of residential plots to the members of the Cooperative Housing Building Societies in New DOkhla Industrial Development Area (NOIDA). It was contended that such terms and conditions were applicable to all the Cooperative Housing Building Societies. The relevant conditions read thus: “1. ELIGIBILITY: Any person who is competent to contract. A person himself owning E or in the case of his/her spouse or dependent children owning a plot or house within municipal corporations of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida Complex will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in NOIDA. 2. NOTE MORE THAN ONE PLOT: F

An eligible person will be allotted not more than one residential plot in the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority. Area separately eligible for allotment of plot and for this purpose they shall be treated as a single eligible person. xxx xxx xxx G 15. LEASE DEED AND OTHER CONDTIONS OF LEASE xxx xxx xxx (I) If the allotment of lease of the plot is obtained by any misrepresentation misstatement or fraud or if there is any breach H 1120 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A of the conditions of the lease, the allotment or as the case may be, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken over by the Authority and the lessee will not be entitled to any compensation.” 9. Thus, it was averred that the allotment was cancelled for the B reason that the wife of the plaintiff was allotted a plot earlier in point of time but still, the plaintiff filed an affidavit not disclosing the allotment of such plot to his spouse. Thus, it was a violation of the terms and conditions of the allotment.

10. On the other hand, Mr. P.S. Patwalia, learned senior counsel C for the plaintiff argued that the terms and conditions of the sale of developed leasehold rights have not been produced on record. The plaintiff became the member of the Cooperative Housing Society in the year 1976 but the disputes were pending for a long time. Therefore, the plot at Sector 15A was sought, which was allotted to his wife. Subsequently, after the settlement of the dispute, such plot was allotted to the Society D and as a member of the Society, he has been allotted a residential plot. 11. It has been admitted by the plaintiff-respondent that on account of dispute regarding the allotment, no construction has been raised over the said plot. 12. It was further submitted that in terms of Section 14 of the E Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, 1976, the Chief Executive Officer can resume the site or building in case of non-payment of consideration or any installment or breach of any condition of such transfer or breach of any rule or regulation made. The judgment of this Court reported as ITC Limited v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.3 has F been relied upon to submit that in case a lessee commits default in paying either the premium or lease amount or commits breach of any term of the lease, the Chief Executive Officer alone can resume the plot. The Authority to resume implies and includes the Authority to unilaterally cancel the lease as well.

G 13. It was also argued that the finding of fact recorded by the trial court and affirmed by the First Appellate Court was not interfered with by the High Court in the second appeal as no substantial question of law arose for consideration. Learned counsel for the respondent also relied H 3 (2011) 7 SCC 493 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1121 KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] upon judgments of this Court reported as Teri Oat Estates (P) Ltd. v. A U.T., Chandigarh & Ors.4 and Managing Director, Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation & Ors. v. Hari Om Enterprises & Anr.5 to contend that determination of lease has to be the last resort. 14. We have heard learned counsels for the parties and find that the plaintiff had invoked the jurisdiction of the Civil Court even though B he had filed a false affidavit that his spouse or dependent children have not been allotted any plot.

15. It is an admitted fact that the wife of the plaintiff was allotted Sector 15A plot on 10.3.1981. The wife sworn an affidavit on 4.3.1983 that neither she nor her spouse owned any other plot in Noida. It was on C 6.10.1981 that the plaintiff was informed about allotment of residential plot measuring 450 sq. yards in Sector 30. The allotment was said to be subject to terms and conditions as enclosed. The relevant extract from such terms and conditions have been reproduced above. Such terms clearly show that a person himself owning, or in case of his spouse or Ddependent children owning a plot within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi or New Delhi or Noida complex, will not be eligible for allotment of a plot in Noida. The affidavit of the wife of the plaintiff was false as the plot measuring 450 sq. yards stood allotted to the plaintiff on 6.10.1981. Therefore, on the date the wife of the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the Sector 30 plot was already allotted to the plaintiff. The argument E that plot might have been allotted but the possession was not with the wife of the plaintiff is incorrect. The affidavit was to the effect that she has not been allotted any plot either in her name or in the name of her husband. The affidavit was not that the plot has been allotted but possession has not been delivered. F

16. On the other hand, the plaintiff had sworn an affidavit, sent to the appellant with his letter dated 1.12.1988 that he, his spouse and dependent children do not own in full or in part on leasehold or freehold basis any residential plot. Even this affidavit is in respect of allotment of a plot not in respect of delivery of possession. It may be stated that Gwhen in 1988, the plaintiff had sworn the affidavit, the lease deed dated 31.1.1983 already stood executed in respect of Sector 15A plot. Since the lease was executed, the wife of the plaintiff applied for 4 (2004) 2 SCC 130 5 (2009) 16 SCC 208 H 1122 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A permission to transfer which was granted and transfer deed was executed on 25.10.1990. The permission was granted by the appellant without having knowledge of the fact that the husband of the allottee has already been allotted a separate plot. Once an affidavit has been filed which is on the face of it false to the knowledge of the executants, no benefit can be claimed on the ground that delivery of possession B was given. 17. In M. Veerabhadra Rao Vs. Tek Chand6, this Court was considering an affidavit attested by an Advocate in terms of Section 3(2) of the Oaths Act, 1969. The conduct of appellant to attest an affidavit without oath and the attestation on the representation of the respondent C that it bears his signatures, came up for consideration. In these circumstances, this Court held as under:

“17. The expression ‘affidavit’ has been commonly understood to mean a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorised Magistrate or officer. Affidavit D has been defined in sub-clause (3) of Section 3 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 to include ‘affirmation and declaration in the case of person by law allowed to affirm or declare instead of swearing.’ The essential ingredients of an affidavit are that the statements or declarations are made by the deponent relevant to E the subject matter and in order to add sanctity to it, he swears or affirms the truth of the statements made in the presence of a person who in law is authorised either to administer oath or to accept the affirmation……” 18. Therefore, affidavits filed were not mere sheet of paper but a F solemn statement made before a person authorized to administer oath or to accept affirmation. The plaintiff had breached such solemn statement made on oath. 19. The terms and conditions of allotment conveyed to the plaintiff on 1.12.1988 have a specific clause that if allotment is obtained by any G misrepresentation or misstatement or fraud, the lease may be cancelled and the possession of the plot and the building thereon may be taken by the Authority. Therefore, cancellation of allotment of plot obtained after filing false affidavit is a legitimate ground of cancellation of lease. Fraud H 6 1984 (Supp) SCC 571 NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY v. RAVINDRA 1123

KUMAR SINGHVI (DEAD) THR. LRS [HEMANT GUPTA, J.] vitiates all actions as laid down by this Court in S.P. Chengalvaraya A Naidu (Dead) by LRs. v. Jagannath (Dead) by LRs. & Ors.7 wherein it was held as under: “5. The High Court, in our view, fell into patent error. The short question before the High Court was whether in the facts and circumstances of this case, Jagannath obtained the preliminary B decree by playing fraud on the court. The High Court, however, went haywire and made observations which are wholly perverse. We do not agree with the High Court that “there is no legal duty cast upon the plaintiff to come to court with a true case and prove it by true evidence”. The principle of “finality of litigation” cannot C be pressed to the extent of such an absurdity that it becomes an engine of fraud in the hands of dishonest litigants. The courts of law are meant for imparting justice between the parties. One who comes to the court, must come with clean hands. We are constrained to say that more often than not, process of the court is being abused. Property-grabbers, tax- evaders, bank-loan- D dodgers and other unscrupulous persons from all walks of life find the court-process a convenient lever to retain the illegal gains indefinitely. We have no hesitation to say that a person, who’s case is based on falsehood, has no right to approach the court. He can be summarily thrown out at any stage of the litigation.” E

20. The argument that the lease was required to be determined by the Chief Executive Officer is not tenable. The determination of lease by the Chief Executive Officer would arise if in case there was any violation of the terms of lease. If the condition precedent for grant of lease itself was fraudulent, the cancellation of lease was not required to F be preceeded by permission of the Chief Executive Officer. Still further, the Chief Executive Officer has granted permission on 13.9.1998, though the cancellation order was passed on 18.10.1996. Thus, it is a case of irregularity at best which stands removed with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer. The argument that if the statute prescribes a power to do a certain thing in a certain way, such thing must be done in G that way and other modes of performance are necessarily forbidden is not applicable in the present case. Firstly, for the reason that admittedly, false affidavits were filed by the plaintiff as well as by his wife. The 7 (1994) 1 SCC 1 H 1124 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 1 S.C.R. A filing of a false affidavit disentitles the plaintiff for any equitable relief. Secondly, any irregularity in the process of cancellation stands cured with Chief Executive Officer granting permission on 13.9.1998.

21. The judgment in ITC Limited as relied upon by the respondent is on altogether different facts. In that case, the allotment made in favour B of ITC Limited was subject matter of challenge in Public Interest Litigation in writ petitions filed before the Allahabad High Court. The issue was in respect of cancellation of lease on account of violation of the terms, not based upon fraud in obtaining the lease. 22. The judgments of this Court in Teri Oat Estates and Hari C Om Enterprises are also on different facts wherein the Doctrine of Proportionality was applied. 23. The fact is that the second plot allotted to the plaintiff had been allotted against the express terms of allotment. Therefore, there is neither equity nor any law in favor of the plaintiff. A person who misleads the Authority in obtaining allotment of a plot is not entitled to any relief. D 24. Consequently, the appeal is allowed. The judgment and decree of the courts below are set aside and the suit is thus dismissed. Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Appeal allowed. E (Assisted by : Neha Sharma, LCRA) F G H