[2022] 17 S.C.R. 835 835 LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) A v. DHARAMVIR AND ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 8992 of 2022) DECEMBER 09, 2022 B [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.] Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013: s.24(2) – Land Acquisition – Possession taken on 16.03.2004 – High Court C declared that the land acquisition with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed on the ground that the amount of compensation was not paid to the land owners – Held: The view taken by the High Court is not sustainable in view of the Constitutional Bench decision of Supreme Court in Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. wherein it was held D that in case possession was taken but compensation not paid then there is no lapse – High Court order set aside. Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129 : [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. E Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors. (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. Case Law Reference [2014] 1 SCR 783 referred to Para 2 F [2020] 3 SCR 1 followed Para 2.1 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 8992 of 2022. From the Judgment and Order dated 25.04.2016 of the High Court G of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 4576 of 2015. Ms. Sujeeta Srivastava, Sachit Setia, Advs. for the Appellant. Nitin Mishra, Ishaan Sharma, Advs. for the Respondents. H 835

836 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 17 S.C.R. A The Judgment of the Court was delivered by M. R. SHAH, J. 1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order dated 25.04.2016 passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 4576 of 2015 by which the High Court has B allowed the said writ petition preferred by the respondents herein and has declared that the land acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as C “Act, 2013”), the Land Acquisition Collector (South East), Delhi Government has preferred the present appeal. 2. From the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court it appears that though it was submitted before the High Court that the possession of the land in question was taken on 16.03.2004, however thereafter relying upon the decision of this Court in the case of Pune D Municipal Corporation and Anr. Vs. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors., (2014) 3 SCC 183 and by observing that the compensation with respect to the land in question has not been paid, the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has declared that the land acquisition proceedings deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) E of the Act, 2013.

2.1 However, it is required to be noted that the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. (supra) relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order has been specifically over-ruled subsequently by the Constitution F Bench of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority versus Manoharlal and others, (2020) 8 SCC 129.In paragraphs 365 and 366, the Constitution Bench of this Court has observed and held as under:- “365. Resultantly, the decision rendered in Pune Municipal G Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] is hereby overruled and all other decisions in which Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] has been followed, are also overruled. The decision in Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. [Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. v. State H LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) v. 837 DHARAMVIR AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.] of T.N., (2015) 3 SCC 353] cannot be said to be laying down A good law, is overruled and other decisions following the same are also overruled. In Indore Development Authority v. Shailendra [(2018) 3 SCC 412], the aspect with respect to the proviso to Section 24(2) and whether “or” has to be read as “nor” or as “and” was not placed for consideration. Therefore, that decision B too cannot prevail, in the light of the discussion in the present judgment.

366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under: 366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the C award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an interim D order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. 366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed E lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no lapse. Similarly, F if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso G to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section H 838 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 17 S.C.R. A 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of B notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non-deposit of compensation in court. The C obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. D 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking E possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse under Section 24(2).

366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a deemed F lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the computation of five years. G 366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded H LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) v. 839 DHARAMVIR AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.] proceedings nor allow landowners to question the legality of mode A of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition.” 3. In view of the above Constitution Bench decision of this Court in the case of the Indore Development Authority (supra), the B impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and the same deserves to be quashed and set aside and is accordingly quashed and set aside. Present appeal is accordingly allowed. The original Writ Petition

(C) No. 4576 of 2015 stands dismissed. No costs. C Devika Gujral Appeal allowed. D E F G H

[2022] 17 S.C.R. 835 835 LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) A v. DHARAMVIR AND ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 8992 of 2022) DECEMBER 09, 2022 B [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.] Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013: s.24(2) – Land Acquisition – Possession taken on 16.03.2004 – High Court C declared that the land acquisition with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed on the ground that the amount of compensation was not paid to the land owners – Held: The view taken by the High Court is not sustainable in view of the Constitutional Bench decision of Supreme Court in Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. wherein it was held D that in case possession was taken but compensation not paid then there is no lapse – High Court order set aside. Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Ors. (2020) 8 SCC 129 : [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed. E Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors. (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014] 1 SCR 783 – referred to. Case Law Reference [2014] 1 SCR 783 referred to Para 2 F [2020] 3 SCR 1 followed Para 2.1 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 8992 of 2022. From the Judgment and Order dated 25.04.2016 of the High Court G of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 4576 of 2015. Ms. Sujeeta Srivastava, Sachit Setia, Advs. for the Appellant. Nitin Mishra, Ishaan Sharma, Advs. for the Respondents. H 835

836 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 17 S.C.R. A The Judgment of the Court was delivered by M. R. SHAH, J. 1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order dated 25.04.2016 passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 4576 of 2015 by which the High Court has B allowed the said writ petition preferred by the respondents herein and has declared that the land acquisition proceedings with respect to the land in question is deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as C “Act, 2013”), the Land Acquisition Collector (South East), Delhi Government has preferred the present appeal. 2. From the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court it appears that though it was submitted before the High Court that the possession of the land in question was taken on 16.03.2004, however thereafter relying upon the decision of this Court in the case of Pune D Municipal Corporation and Anr. Vs. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors., (2014) 3 SCC 183 and by observing that the compensation with respect to the land in question has not been paid, the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has declared that the land acquisition proceedings deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) E of the Act, 2013.

2.1 However, it is required to be noted that the decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. (supra) relied upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order has been specifically over-ruled subsequently by the Constitution F Bench of this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority versus Manoharlal and others, (2020) 8 SCC 129.In paragraphs 365 and 366, the Constitution Bench of this Court has observed and held as under:- “365. Resultantly, the decision rendered in Pune Municipal G Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] is hereby overruled and all other decisions in which Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] has been followed, are also overruled. The decision in Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. [Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. v. State H LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) v. 837 DHARAMVIR AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.] of T.N., (2015) 3 SCC 353] cannot be said to be laying down A good law, is overruled and other decisions following the same are also overruled. In Indore Development Authority v. Shailendra [(2018) 3 SCC 412], the aspect with respect to the proviso to Section 24(2) and whether “or” has to be read as “nor” or as “and” was not placed for consideration. Therefore, that decision B too cannot prevail, in the light of the discussion in the present judgment.

366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the questions as under: 366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the C award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act. 366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window period of five years excluding the period covered by an interim D order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as provided under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it has not been repealed. 366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed E lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five years or more prior to commencement of the said Act, the possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken, compensation has not been paid then there is no lapse. Similarly, F if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken then there is no lapse.

366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso G to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section H 838 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2022] 17 S.C.R. A 31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of B notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.

366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due to non-payment or non-deposit of compensation in court. The C obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section 31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act. D 366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b). 366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act and as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking E possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse under Section 24(2).

366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a deemed F lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities have failed due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed by court has to be excluded in the computation of five years. G 366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. It does not revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded H LAND ACQUISITION COLLECTOR (SOUTH EAST) v. 839 DHARAMVIR AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.] proceedings nor allow landowners to question the legality of mode A of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate acquisition.” 3. In view of the above Constitution Bench decision of this Court in the case of the Indore Development Authority (supra), the B impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is unsustainable and the same deserves to be quashed and set aside and is accordingly quashed and set aside. Present appeal is accordingly allowed. The original Writ Petition

(C) No. 4576 of 2015 stands dismissed. No costs. C Devika Gujral Appeal allowed. D E F G H