[2020] 2 S.C.R. 925 925 RAMBABU SINGH THAKUR A v. SUNIL ARORA & ORS. (Contempt Pet. (C) No. 2192 of 2018) In B (W.P. (C) No. 536 of 2011) FEBRUARY 13, 2020 [R. F. NARIMAN AND S. RAVINDRA BHAT, JJ.] C

Election Laws: Criminalisation of politics in India – In *Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India, this Court had issued certain directions observing the increasing criminalisation of politics in India and a lack of information about such criminalisation amongst the citizenry – In the instant case, documents placed on record showed an alarming increase in the incidence of criminals D in politics over the last four general elections – No explanation offered by the political parties regarding pending criminal cases against their candidates – Therefore, in exercise of constitutional powers under Arts.129 and 142, directions passed making it mandatory for political parties to upload on their website detailed Einformation regarding individuals with pending criminal cases who have been selected as candidates along with reason for such selection – The reasons as to selection should be with reference to the qualifications, achievements and merit of the candidate concerned, and not mere “winnability” at the polls – Such information is to be also published in national and one local F vernacular newspaper and on the official social media platforms of the political party, including Facebook and Twitter – These details shall be published within 48 hours of the selection of the candidate or not less than two weeks before the first date for filing of nominations, whichever is earlier – The political party concerned Gshould then submit a report of compliance with these directions with the Election Commission within 72 hours of the selection of the said candidate – If a political party fails to submit such compliance report with the Election Commission, the Election Commission shall bring such non-compliance by the political party concerned to the notice of the Supreme Court as being in contempt of this Court’s orders/ H 925

926 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 2 S.C.R. A directions – Contempt petitions disposed of – Constitution of India – Arts.129 and 142. *Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India (2019) 3 SCC 224 – relied on Case Law Reference B (2019) 3 SCC 224 relied on Para 1 INHERENT JURISDICTION: Contempt Petition (C) No. 2192 of 2018 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 536 of 2011. Petition filed for non-compliance of the Judgment dated 25.09.2018 C passed by this Hon'ble Court in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 536 of 2011. With Contempt Petition (C) No. 428/2019 in W.P. (C) No. 536/2011 Contempt Petition (C) No. 464/2019 in W.P. (C) No. 536/2011 D Gopal Sankaranarayanan, Sr. Adv., Ashwani Kumar Dubey and Sandeep Kumar Mishra, Advs. for the Petitioner. Vikash Singh, Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, Sr. Advs., Amit Sharma, Dipesh Sinha, Ms. Ayiala Imti, Ms. Deepika Kalia, Satwik Misra, Ms. Shradha Deshmukh, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Ms. Sugandha Anand and E Kabir Dixit, Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by R. F. NARIMAN, J. 1. This contempt petition raises grave issues regarding the F criminalisation of politics in India and brings to our attention a disregard of the directions of a Constitution Bench of this Court in Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India and Anr. (2019) 3 SCC 224.

2. In this judgment, this Court was cognisant of the increasing criminalisation of politics in India and the lack of information about such G criminalisation amongst the citizenry. In order to remedy this information gap, this Court issued the following directions: “116. Keeping the aforesaid in view, we think it appropriate to issue the following directions which are in accord with the decisions of this Court: H RAMBABU SINGH THAKUR v. SUNIL ARORA & ORS. 927 [R. F. NARIMAN, J.] 116.1. Each contesting candidate shall fill up the form as provided A by the Election Commission and the form must contain all the particulars as required therein. 116.2. It shall state, in bold letters, with regard to the criminal cases pending against the candidate. B 116.3. If a candidate is contesting an election on the ticket of a particular party, he/she is required to inform the party about the criminal cases pending against him/her. 116.4. The political party concerned shall be obligated to put up on its website the aforesaid information pertaining to candidates C having criminal antecedents. 116.5. The candidate as well as the political party concerned shall issue a declaration in the widely circulated newspapers in the locality about the antecedents of the candidate and also give wide publicity in the electronic media. When we say wide publicity, we mean that the same shall be done at least thrice after filing of the D nomination papers.”

3. On a perusal of the documents placed on record and after submissions of counsel, it appears that over the last four general elections, there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of criminals in politics. In 2004, 24% of the Members of Parliament had criminal cases E pending against them; in 2009, that went up to 30%; in 2014 to 34%; and in 2019 as many as 43% of MPshad criminal cases pending against them. 4. We have also noted that the political parties offer no explanation as to why candidates with pending criminal cases are selected as F candidates in the first place. We therefore issue the following directions in exercise of our constitutional powers under Articles 129 and 142 of the Constitution of India: 1) It shall be mandatory for political parties [at the Central and State electionlevel] to upload on their website detailed G information regardingindividuals with pending criminal cases (including the nature of the offences, and relevant particulars such as whether charges have been framed, the concerned Court, the case number etc.) who have been selected as candidates, along with the reasons for such selection, as also H 928 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 2 S.C.R. A as to whyother individuals without criminal antecedents could not be selected as candidates. 2) The reasons as to selection shall be with reference to the qualifications, achievements and merit of the candidate concerned, and not mere “winnability” at the polls.

B 3) This information shall also be published in: (a) One local vernacular newspaper and one national newspaper; (b) On the official social media platforms of the political party, including Facebook & Twitter. C 4) These details shall be published within 48 hours of the selection of the candidate or not less than two weeks before the first date for filing of nominations, whichever is earlier. 5) The political party concerned shall then submit a report of D compliance with these directions with the Election Commission within 72 hours of the selection of the said candidate. 6) If a political party fails to submit such compliance report with the Election Commission, the Election Commission shall bring such non-compliance by the political party concerned to the E notice of the Supreme Court as being in contempt of this Court’s orders/directions. 5. With these directions, these Contempt Petitions are accordingly disposed of. F Devika Gujral Contempt Petitions disposed of. G H

[2020] 2 S.C.R. 925 925 RAMBABU SINGH THAKUR A v. SUNIL ARORA & ORS. (Contempt Pet. (C) No. 2192 of 2018) In B (W.P. (C) No. 536 of 2011) FEBRUARY 13, 2020 [R. F. NARIMAN AND S. RAVINDRA BHAT, JJ.] C

Election Laws: Criminalisation of politics in India – In *Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India, this Court had issued certain directions observing the increasing criminalisation of politics in India and a lack of information about such criminalisation amongst the citizenry – In the instant case, documents placed on record showed an alarming increase in the incidence of criminals D in politics over the last four general elections – No explanation offered by the political parties regarding pending criminal cases against their candidates – Therefore, in exercise of constitutional powers under Arts.129 and 142, directions passed making it mandatory for political parties to upload on their website detailed Einformation regarding individuals with pending criminal cases who have been selected as candidates along with reason for such selection – The reasons as to selection should be with reference to the qualifications, achievements and merit of the candidate concerned, and not mere “winnability” at the polls – Such information is to be also published in national and one local F vernacular newspaper and on the official social media platforms of the political party, including Facebook and Twitter – These details shall be published within 48 hours of the selection of the candidate or not less than two weeks before the first date for filing of nominations, whichever is earlier – The political party concerned Gshould then submit a report of compliance with these directions with the Election Commission within 72 hours of the selection of the said candidate – If a political party fails to submit such compliance report with the Election Commission, the Election Commission shall bring such non-compliance by the political party concerned to the notice of the Supreme Court as being in contempt of this Court’s orders/ H 925

926 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 2 S.C.R. A directions – Contempt petitions disposed of – Constitution of India – Arts.129 and 142. *Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India (2019) 3 SCC 224 – relied on Case Law Reference B (2019) 3 SCC 224 relied on Para 1 INHERENT JURISDICTION: Contempt Petition (C) No. 2192 of 2018 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 536 of 2011. Petition filed for non-compliance of the Judgment dated 25.09.2018 C passed by this Hon'ble Court in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 536 of 2011. With Contempt Petition (C) No. 428/2019 in W.P. (C) No. 536/2011 Contempt Petition (C) No. 464/2019 in W.P. (C) No. 536/2011 D Gopal Sankaranarayanan, Sr. Adv., Ashwani Kumar Dubey and Sandeep Kumar Mishra, Advs. for the Petitioner. Vikash Singh, Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, Sr. Advs., Amit Sharma, Dipesh Sinha, Ms. Ayiala Imti, Ms. Deepika Kalia, Satwik Misra, Ms. Shradha Deshmukh, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Ms. Sugandha Anand and E Kabir Dixit, Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by R. F. NARIMAN, J. 1. This contempt petition raises grave issues regarding the F criminalisation of politics in India and brings to our attention a disregard of the directions of a Constitution Bench of this Court in Public Interest Foundation and Ors. v. Union of India and Anr. (2019) 3 SCC 224.

2. In this judgment, this Court was cognisant of the increasing criminalisation of politics in India and the lack of information about such G criminalisation amongst the citizenry. In order to remedy this information gap, this Court issued the following directions: “116. Keeping the aforesaid in view, we think it appropriate to issue the following directions which are in accord with the decisions of this Court: H RAMBABU SINGH THAKUR v. SUNIL ARORA & ORS. 927 [R. F. NARIMAN, J.] 116.1. Each contesting candidate shall fill up the form as provided A by the Election Commission and the form must contain all the particulars as required therein. 116.2. It shall state, in bold letters, with regard to the criminal cases pending against the candidate. B 116.3. If a candidate is contesting an election on the ticket of a particular party, he/she is required to inform the party about the criminal cases pending against him/her. 116.4. The political party concerned shall be obligated to put up on its website the aforesaid information pertaining to candidates C having criminal antecedents. 116.5. The candidate as well as the political party concerned shall issue a declaration in the widely circulated newspapers in the locality about the antecedents of the candidate and also give wide publicity in the electronic media. When we say wide publicity, we mean that the same shall be done at least thrice after filing of the D nomination papers.”

3. On a perusal of the documents placed on record and after submissions of counsel, it appears that over the last four general elections, there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of criminals in politics. In 2004, 24% of the Members of Parliament had criminal cases E pending against them; in 2009, that went up to 30%; in 2014 to 34%; and in 2019 as many as 43% of MPshad criminal cases pending against them. 4. We have also noted that the political parties offer no explanation as to why candidates with pending criminal cases are selected as F candidates in the first place. We therefore issue the following directions in exercise of our constitutional powers under Articles 129 and 142 of the Constitution of India: 1) It shall be mandatory for political parties [at the Central and State electionlevel] to upload on their website detailed G information regardingindividuals with pending criminal cases (including the nature of the offences, and relevant particulars such as whether charges have been framed, the concerned Court, the case number etc.) who have been selected as candidates, along with the reasons for such selection, as also H 928 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 2 S.C.R. A as to whyother individuals without criminal antecedents could not be selected as candidates. 2) The reasons as to selection shall be with reference to the qualifications, achievements and merit of the candidate concerned, and not mere “winnability” at the polls.

B 3) This information shall also be published in: (a) One local vernacular newspaper and one national newspaper; (b) On the official social media platforms of the political party, including Facebook & Twitter. C 4) These details shall be published within 48 hours of the selection of the candidate or not less than two weeks before the first date for filing of nominations, whichever is earlier. 5) The political party concerned shall then submit a report of D compliance with these directions with the Election Commission within 72 hours of the selection of the said candidate. 6) If a political party fails to submit such compliance report with the Election Commission, the Election Commission shall bring such non-compliance by the political party concerned to the E notice of the Supreme Court as being in contempt of this Court’s orders/directions. 5. With these directions, these Contempt Petitions are accordingly disposed of. F Devika Gujral Contempt Petitions disposed of. G H