[2019] 6 S.C.R. 467 467 P. SURENDRAN A v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE (SLP (Crl.) No. 1832 of 2019) B MARCH 29, 2019 [N.V. RAMANA AND MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR JJ.] Bail: Anticipatory bail – Sought in a case wherein offence u/s. 3(ii) C of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was alleged – Initially rejected by District Judge – Later High Court registry refused to number and list the application before the Court and dismissed the application on the ground that offence being under SC/ST Act, the bail application Dwas not maintainable – On appeal, held: The act of numbering a petition is purely administrative – The objections taken by the Court Registry on the aspect of maintainability requires judicial application of mind by utilizing appropriate judicial standard – Moreover, the wordings of Section 18A of the SC/ST Act itself indi-cates at application of judicial mind – The determination in this E case is a judicial function and the High Court Registry could not have rejected the numbering – The High Court Registry could not have exercised such judicial power to answer the maintainability of the petition, when the same was in the realm of the Court – The power of judicial function cannot be delegated to the Registry – FThe Madras High Court Registry is directed to number the petition and place it before an appropriate Bench.

Jaswant Sugar Mills Ltd., Meerut v. Lakshmichand and Ors. AIR 1963 SC 677 : [1963] Suppl. SCR 242 – followed. G Case Law Reference [1963] Suppl. SCR 242 followed Para 9 H 467 468 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2019] 6 S.C.R. A CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.1832 of 2019. From the Judgment and Order dated 02.01.2019 of the High Court of Principal Sessions Judge, Kancheepuram District at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu in Crl. M.P. No.5697 of 2018.. B Vikas Singh Jangra, Amit Kumar Pathak, Advs. for the Appellant. K. K. Venugopal, Attorney General for India, R. Balasubramanian, Ms. Shraddha Deshmukh, A.K. Sharma, Mrs.Anil Katiyar, Advs. for the Respondent. The Order of the Court was passed by C N. V. RAMANA, J. 1. This Special Leave Petition has been filed against the impugned order and judgment dated 02.01.2019, in Crl.M.P. No. 5697 of 2018 passed by the Learned Court of. The Principle Sessions Judge of Kancheepuram District at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu and the order of D the High Court Registry, in not numbering the anticipatory bail petition of the petitioner-accused herein. 2. We need to refer to the basic facts necessary for the disposal of the case at hand. An FIR was filed against the three co-accused (Murugesan, S. M. Ekambaram and Ramaswamy), before the PS Pallikaranai, St. Thomas Mount, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, E

being Crime No. 937 of 2017, dated 03.04.2017, under Section 147, 148, 448, 302 and 506 of IPC. It is averred that subsequently Offence under Section 3(ii) of the Scheduled castes and the Scheduled Tribes (prevention of atrocities) Act, 1989 [‘SC/ST Act’] was also added. Further it is to be noted that the Petitioner herein was later arrayed as an F accused by the police. In view of apprehension of arrest, the petitioner filed an Anticipatory Bail Application being Crl.M.P. No. 5697 of 2018, before the Learned Court of The Principal Sessions Judge of Kancheepuram at Chengalpattu. 3. The District Principal Judge by an Order dated 02.01.2019, dismissed the anticipatory bail application of the petitioner. Aggrieved by G the same, petitioner approached the High Court of Madras seeking anticipatory bail, but the Registry of the High Court refused to number and list the matter before the court on the following office objection-“It may be stated how this petition for Anticipatory Bail is maintainable, since the offence is under SC/ST Act” H P. SURENDRAN v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE 469 [N.V. RAMANA. J.] Even though the petitioner herein replied to the aforesaid office A objection, the High Court Registry rejected numbering of the petition and dismissed the Anticipatory Bail Petition on the issue of maintainability under SC/ST Act.

4. Aggrieved by such non-registration, the petitioner is before this Court on a question of law as to whether the Madras High Court B Registry was wrong, in not numbering the Anticipatory-Bail Petition and as to whether consequent dismissal of the same on the issue of maintainability of the petition impinges on the judicial function of the High Court? 5. In view of the importance of the matter, this Court had Crequested the assistance of the Attorney General for India who acceded our request and assisted this Court. 6. Learned Attorney General has stated that the stance of the Registry of the Madras High Court in refusing to number the anticipatory bail application and not placing it before the appropriate bench is incorrect. He states that in light of the subsequent amendment D of 2018 to the SC/ST Act, particularly the inclusion of Section 18A under the SC/ST Act, appropriate bench has to adjudicate the matter as the same is a judicial function. Therefore, the registry of the Madras High Court cannot refuse to number the anticipatory bail application on the ground of maintainability. E

7. Recently, the Government amended the SC/ST Act, through The Scheduled Castes and The Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2018 No. 27 of 2018, wherein a new provi-sion being Section 18-A was inserted, which reads as under-18A. (1) For the purposes of this Act,— F (a) preliminary enquiry shall not be required for registration of a First Information Report against any person; or (b) the investigating officer shall not require approval for the arrest, if necessary, of any person, against whom an accusation of having committed an offence under this Act has been made and no procedure other than that provided under this Act or the Code G shall apply. (2) The provisions of section 438 of the Code shall not apply to a case under this Act, notwithstanding any judgment or order or direction of any Court.”. (emphasis added) H 470 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2019] 6 S.C.R. A 8. We may note that the aforesaid amendment has been constitutionally challenged in various writ petitions listed before a different bench of this Court along with the R.P. (Crl.) No. 228 of 2018, titled Union of India v. State of Maharashtra and Others. However, the question before this Court herein is different, distinct and limited. We are only concerned with the question whether Registry could have B questioned the maintainability of the Petition.

9. The nature of judicial function is well settled under our legal system. Judicial function is the duty to act judicially, which invests with that character. The distinguishing factor which separates administrative and judicial function is the duty and authority to act judicially. Judicial C function may thus be defined as the process of considering the proposal, opposition and then arriving at a decision upon the same on consideration of facts and circumstances according to the rules of reason and justice. A Constitution Bench of five judges in Jaswant Sugar Mills Ltd., Meerut vs. Lakshmichand and Ors., AIR 1963 SC 677, D formulated the following criteria to ascertain whether a decision or an act is judicial function or not, in the following manner- (1) it is in substance a determination upon investigation of a question by the application of objective standards to facts found in the light of pre-existing legal rule; E (2) it declares rights or imposes upon parties obligations affecting their civil rights; and (3) that the investigation is subject to certain procedural attributes contemplating an opportunity of presenting its case to a party, ascertainment of facts by means of evidence F if a dispute be on questions of fact, and if the dispute be on question of law on the presentation of legal argument, and a decision resulting in the disposal of the matter on findings based upon those questions of law and fact. (emphasis added) G

The act of numbering a petition is purely administrative. The objections taken by the Madras High Court Registry on the aspect of maintainability requires judicial application of mind by utilizing appropriate judicial standard. Moreover, the wordings of Section 18A of the SC/ST Act itself indicates at application of judicial mind. In this H P. SURENDRAN v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE 471 [N.V. RAMANA. J.] context, we accept the statement of the Attorney General, that the A determination in this case is a judicial function and the High Court Reg-istry could not have rejected the numbering. 10. Therefore, we hold that the High Court Registry could not have exercised such judicial power to answer the maintainability of the petition, when the same was in the realm of the Court. As the power of B judicial function cannot be delegated to the Registry, we cannot sustain the order, rejecting the numbering/registration of the Petition, by the Madras High Court Registry. Accordingly, the Madras High Court Registry is directed to number the petition and place it before an appro-priate bench. C 11. Having said so, we make it clear that we have not expressed any views on the nature of the amendment, the standard of judicial review and the extent of justiciability under Section 18-A of the SC/ST Act, which is left open for the appropriate Bench to consider.

12. Before we part with this case, we note that this Court has not D expressed any views on the merits of the case and the High Court is requested to consider the matter uninfluenced by the observations made herein. 13. In view of the discussion, this petition is accordingly disposed of in the aforesaid terms. E Kalpana K. Tripathy Petition disposed of. F G H

[2019] 6 S.C.R. 467 467 P. SURENDRAN A v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE (SLP (Crl.) No. 1832 of 2019) B MARCH 29, 2019 [N.V. RAMANA AND MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR JJ.] Bail: Anticipatory bail – Sought in a case wherein offence u/s. 3(ii) C of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was alleged – Initially rejected by District Judge – Later High Court registry refused to number and list the application before the Court and dismissed the application on the ground that offence being under SC/ST Act, the bail application Dwas not maintainable – On appeal, held: The act of numbering a petition is purely administrative – The objections taken by the Court Registry on the aspect of maintainability requires judicial application of mind by utilizing appropriate judicial standard – Moreover, the wordings of Section 18A of the SC/ST Act itself indi-cates at application of judicial mind – The determination in this E case is a judicial function and the High Court Registry could not have rejected the numbering – The High Court Registry could not have exercised such judicial power to answer the maintainability of the petition, when the same was in the realm of the Court – The power of judicial function cannot be delegated to the Registry – FThe Madras High Court Registry is directed to number the petition and place it before an appropriate Bench.

Jaswant Sugar Mills Ltd., Meerut v. Lakshmichand and Ors. AIR 1963 SC 677 : [1963] Suppl. SCR 242 – followed. G Case Law Reference [1963] Suppl. SCR 242 followed Para 9 H 467 468 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2019] 6 S.C.R. A CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.1832 of 2019. From the Judgment and Order dated 02.01.2019 of the High Court of Principal Sessions Judge, Kancheepuram District at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu in Crl. M.P. No.5697 of 2018.. B Vikas Singh Jangra, Amit Kumar Pathak, Advs. for the Appellant. K. K. Venugopal, Attorney General for India, R. Balasubramanian, Ms. Shraddha Deshmukh, A.K. Sharma, Mrs.Anil Katiyar, Advs. for the Respondent. The Order of the Court was passed by C N. V. RAMANA, J. 1. This Special Leave Petition has been filed against the impugned order and judgment dated 02.01.2019, in Crl.M.P. No. 5697 of 2018 passed by the Learned Court of. The Principle Sessions Judge of Kancheepuram District at Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu and the order of D the High Court Registry, in not numbering the anticipatory bail petition of the petitioner-accused herein. 2. We need to refer to the basic facts necessary for the disposal of the case at hand. An FIR was filed against the three co-accused (Murugesan, S. M. Ekambaram and Ramaswamy), before the PS Pallikaranai, St. Thomas Mount, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, E

being Crime No. 937 of 2017, dated 03.04.2017, under Section 147, 148, 448, 302 and 506 of IPC. It is averred that subsequently Offence under Section 3(ii) of the Scheduled castes and the Scheduled Tribes (prevention of atrocities) Act, 1989 [‘SC/ST Act’] was also added. Further it is to be noted that the Petitioner herein was later arrayed as an F accused by the police. In view of apprehension of arrest, the petitioner filed an Anticipatory Bail Application being Crl.M.P. No. 5697 of 2018, before the Learned Court of The Principal Sessions Judge of Kancheepuram at Chengalpattu. 3. The District Principal Judge by an Order dated 02.01.2019, dismissed the anticipatory bail application of the petitioner. Aggrieved by G the same, petitioner approached the High Court of Madras seeking anticipatory bail, but the Registry of the High Court refused to number and list the matter before the court on the following office objection-“It may be stated how this petition for Anticipatory Bail is maintainable, since the offence is under SC/ST Act” H P. SURENDRAN v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE 469 [N.V. RAMANA. J.] Even though the petitioner herein replied to the aforesaid office A objection, the High Court Registry rejected numbering of the petition and dismissed the Anticipatory Bail Petition on the issue of maintainability under SC/ST Act.

4. Aggrieved by such non-registration, the petitioner is before this Court on a question of law as to whether the Madras High Court B Registry was wrong, in not numbering the Anticipatory-Bail Petition and as to whether consequent dismissal of the same on the issue of maintainability of the petition impinges on the judicial function of the High Court? 5. In view of the importance of the matter, this Court had Crequested the assistance of the Attorney General for India who acceded our request and assisted this Court. 6. Learned Attorney General has stated that the stance of the Registry of the Madras High Court in refusing to number the anticipatory bail application and not placing it before the appropriate bench is incorrect. He states that in light of the subsequent amendment D of 2018 to the SC/ST Act, particularly the inclusion of Section 18A under the SC/ST Act, appropriate bench has to adjudicate the matter as the same is a judicial function. Therefore, the registry of the Madras High Court cannot refuse to number the anticipatory bail application on the ground of maintainability. E

7. Recently, the Government amended the SC/ST Act, through The Scheduled Castes and The Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2018 No. 27 of 2018, wherein a new provi-sion being Section 18-A was inserted, which reads as under-18A. (1) For the purposes of this Act,— F (a) preliminary enquiry shall not be required for registration of a First Information Report against any person; or (b) the investigating officer shall not require approval for the arrest, if necessary, of any person, against whom an accusation of having committed an offence under this Act has been made and no procedure other than that provided under this Act or the Code G shall apply. (2) The provisions of section 438 of the Code shall not apply to a case under this Act, notwithstanding any judgment or order or direction of any Court.”. (emphasis added) H 470 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2019] 6 S.C.R. A 8. We may note that the aforesaid amendment has been constitutionally challenged in various writ petitions listed before a different bench of this Court along with the R.P. (Crl.) No. 228 of 2018, titled Union of India v. State of Maharashtra and Others. However, the question before this Court herein is different, distinct and limited. We are only concerned with the question whether Registry could have B questioned the maintainability of the Petition.

9. The nature of judicial function is well settled under our legal system. Judicial function is the duty to act judicially, which invests with that character. The distinguishing factor which separates administrative and judicial function is the duty and authority to act judicially. Judicial C function may thus be defined as the process of considering the proposal, opposition and then arriving at a decision upon the same on consideration of facts and circumstances according to the rules of reason and justice. A Constitution Bench of five judges in Jaswant Sugar Mills Ltd., Meerut vs. Lakshmichand and Ors., AIR 1963 SC 677, D formulated the following criteria to ascertain whether a decision or an act is judicial function or not, in the following manner- (1) it is in substance a determination upon investigation of a question by the application of objective standards to facts found in the light of pre-existing legal rule; E (2) it declares rights or imposes upon parties obligations affecting their civil rights; and (3) that the investigation is subject to certain procedural attributes contemplating an opportunity of presenting its case to a party, ascertainment of facts by means of evidence F if a dispute be on questions of fact, and if the dispute be on question of law on the presentation of legal argument, and a decision resulting in the disposal of the matter on findings based upon those questions of law and fact. (emphasis added) G

The act of numbering a petition is purely administrative. The objections taken by the Madras High Court Registry on the aspect of maintainability requires judicial application of mind by utilizing appropriate judicial standard. Moreover, the wordings of Section 18A of the SC/ST Act itself indicates at application of judicial mind. In this H P. SURENDRAN v. STATE BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE 471 [N.V. RAMANA. J.] context, we accept the statement of the Attorney General, that the A determination in this case is a judicial function and the High Court Reg-istry could not have rejected the numbering. 10. Therefore, we hold that the High Court Registry could not have exercised such judicial power to answer the maintainability of the petition, when the same was in the realm of the Court. As the power of B judicial function cannot be delegated to the Registry, we cannot sustain the order, rejecting the numbering/registration of the Petition, by the Madras High Court Registry. Accordingly, the Madras High Court Registry is directed to number the petition and place it before an appro-priate bench. C 11. Having said so, we make it clear that we have not expressed any views on the nature of the amendment, the standard of judicial review and the extent of justiciability under Section 18-A of the SC/ST Act, which is left open for the appropriate Bench to consider.

12. Before we part with this case, we note that this Court has not D expressed any views on the merits of the case and the High Court is requested to consider the matter uninfluenced by the observations made herein. 13. In view of the discussion, this petition is accordingly disposed of in the aforesaid terms. E Kalpana K. Tripathy Petition disposed of. F G H