870 SUPREME COURT[2018]REPORTS3 S.C.R. 870 [2018] 3 S.C.R. A SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI & ANR. v. THE NEW INDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED & ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 5206 of 2016) B APRIL 18, 2018 [J. CHELAMESWAR AND SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, JJ.] Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 – Motor accident – Award of compensation – Future income rise – Computation of – Death of victim-25 year old widow, in a motor accident – Victim was a qualified C engineer, drawing monthly salary of Rs. 6,273/- – Claim petition by parents – Tribunal awarded Rs. 15,71,000/- as compensation wherein added 100 per cent towards future rise in income, deducted 1/3rd towards personal expenses and applied multiplier of 16 – In appeal, the High Court took future rise in income as 50 per cent, D deducted 50 per cent towards personal expenses, applied multiplier of 18 and awarded Rs. 10,72,360/- – On appeal, held: Standardized percentage is capable of being varied if the evidence is so led – Assessment of the tribunal is based on the evidence led – On facts, the tribunal justified in giving 100 per cent increase and taking the future prospects at Rs.12,000 per month – As regards, the percentage E

of deduction, considering that the deceased survived by her parents, 50 per cent amount be deducted as personal and living expenses of the deceased when the deceased is a widow – Thus, the High Court was justified in increasing the percentage of personal expenses to the extent of 50 per cent – After deducting 50 per cent of the amount F towards personal expenses and adding 100 per cent towards future rise in income, to the figure of Rs.6,273 per month, multiplier of 18 is applied, amounting to Rs.13,54,968 – Amount under conventional heads would be Rs.70,000, totaling to around Rs.14,25,000/- – Award of interest would continue @ 12 % – Litigation being of two decades, Rs.25,000 awarded as costs. G Sarla Verma & Ors. v. Delhi Transport Corporation & Anr. (2009) 6 SCC 121; National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors. AIR 2017 SC 5157 – referred to. H 870 SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI v. NEW INDIA 871 ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED Case Law Reference A (2009) 6 SCC 121 referred to Para 6 AIR 2017 SC 5157 referred to Para 11 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5206 of 2016. B From the Judgment and Order dated 09.02.2015 of the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in First Appeal No. 3876 of 2007. Mehal S. Shah, Sr. Adv., Hemal Kiritkumar Sheth, Advs. for the Appellants. C Rajesh Kumar Gupta, Hetu Arora Sethi, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, J. 1. Fate can be cruel. This is a tragic case where the only daughter of a lawyer husband and a doctor D wife, who got married early and unfortunately became a widow also at a young age, died in a vehicular accident, which took place on 16.8.1998. The claim of the parents (appellants herein) in respect of this unfortunate demise forms the subject matter of the present appeal. 2. It is not necessary to go into the details of the facts, as those E are not really liable to be examined in view of the limited controversy before us. The claim was laid on the basis that the deceased daughter was working in the company of original respondent No.4 as an International Internal Sales Engineer at a monthly salary of Rs.6,273. She had a B.E. (Civil) qualification. Her husband, after an early marriage, Fhad unfortunately passed away in the year 1996 and since then she was living with her parents, the claimants. The deceased had a quick successful progression in her career from the initial post of a Secretary, and the claim was based on the prospective earning of the deceased of more than Rs.25,000 per month.

G 3. We may note that qua the accident, the driver of the vehicle in which the deceased daughter was travelling died, and there was apportionment of contributory negligence to the extent of 80 per cent qua the truck driver, and 20 per cent qua the Tata Sierra, the two vehicles, which met with the accident. However, this would not affect the claim qua the parents before us. H 872 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2018] 3 S.C.R. A 4. There is no dispute that the assessed income of the deceased at the time of the accident was Rs.6,273 per month. This is a finding of fact, both by the Tribunal and the High Court. The Tribunal, however added approximately 100 per cent towards future rise in income and considered the prospective income at Rs.12,000 per month, and after deducting 1/3rd towards personal expenses of deceased, the Tribunal B assessed the loss of dependency or the future economic loss at Rs.8,000 per month and thereafter a multiplier of 16 was applied. The Tribunal, thus, awarded a sum of Rs.15,36,000 towards loss of dependency benefit; Rs.15,000 towards conventional amount under the head loss of estate; Rs.15,000 towards loss of love and affection and Rs.5,000 towards C funeral expenses totaling to Rs.15,71,000 in terms of an award dated 29.3.2007. The claimants were also held entitled to interest @ 12 per cent per annum on the award amount from the date of application till realization.

5. Both the sides were aggrieved by the assessment of this claim D and filed appeals before the High Court, which modified the award of the Tribunal vide impugned judgment dated 9.2.2015, which is subject matter of the present appeal. 6. The High Court declined to accept the future income rise as 100 per cent and took the same as 50 per cent in view of the judgment of E this Court in Sarla Verma & Ors. v. Delhi Transport Corporation & Anr.1 The High Court, considering that the claimants were the parents of the deceased, deducted 50 per cent towards personal expenses instead of 1/3rd of the amount, as per the Tribunal. In fact, a reading of the order shows that these were the only two pleas advanced on behalf of the insurance company on which the appeal of the insurance company F succeeded. 7. The High Court, however, fixed the multiplier at 18 instead of 16 as fixed by the Tribunal, as the deceased was aged about 25 years, and that would have been the appropriate multiplier as per Sarla Verma2. The High Court also examined the two other pleas made on behalf of G the claimants, i.e., that the award of Rs.15,000 for loss of estate and Rs.15,000 for loss of love and affection was inadequate. 8. In view of what the High Court held as aforesaid, the amount was computed at Rs.10,72,360 with a sum of Rs.50,000 being awarded 1 (2009) 6 SCC 121 H 2 supra SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI v. NEW INDIA 873 ASSURANCE COMPANY LTD. [SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, J.]

under the head of loss of estate as well as loss of love and affection A instead of Rs.30,000 as awarded by the Tribunal and Rs.5,000 towards funeral expenses. The interest awarded was also upheld. 9. The claimants alone are the appellants before us. 10. On having heard the learned counsel for the parties and having examined the record, we may note that the parties are ad idem on the B assessment of the income of the deceased at Rs.6,273 per month. The question, thus, is whether the Tribunal was right in increasing the amount for future rise in income by 100 per cent, or the High Court was within its right to reduce the said amount to 50 per cent.

11. We have the benefit of the Constitution Bench judgment of C this Court in National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors.3. While examining the observations in Sarla Verma4, the Constitution Bench gave its imprimatur to the addition of 50 per cent to actual salary of the deceased towards future prospects where the deceased had a permanent job and was below the age of 40 years, as in Dthe present case. However, learned counsel for the appellant has brought to our notice a recent order passed by this Court in SLP (C) No.22134/ 2016 and other connected matters dated 22.11.2017 wherein while taking note of the views expressed by National Insurance Company Limited5, it has been observed that the percentage for calculating future rise in income is no bar to future prospects being taken at a higher level where E the assessment is based on actual evidence led to the satisfaction of the Tribunal/the Court that the future prospects were higher than the standard percentage. Learned counsel, thus, submitted in the context of the evidence led in the present case that the two certificates dated 16.10.1998 and 8.7.2005 were proved in terms whereof the deceased’s future prospects would have entitled her to a gross salary in the range of F Rs.14,000 to Rs. 17,000 per month. No doubt the second certificate is dated 8.7.2005, after a lapse of 7 years from the first certificate, but then that would be a more realistic estimate of what a person holding that post would be earning at that stage of time. There is no rebuttal evidence led by the insurance company and we see no reason to doubt G these certificates. Thus, the assessment of the Tribunal is based on the evidence led in the present case. As noticed above, the standardized percentage is capable of being varied if the evidence is so led.

3 AIR 2017 SC 5157 4 supra 5 supra H 874 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2018] 3 S.C.R. A 12. We are, thus, of the view that looking into the conspectus of the aforesaid facts and the legal position, the Tribunal was justified in giving a 100 per cent increase and taking the future prospects at Rs.12,000 per month. 13. The second aspect relates to the percentage of deduction. It really could not be seriously disputed before us that considering that the B deceased is survived by the two parents, 50 per cent amount be deducted as personal and living expenses of the deceased when the deceased is unmarried or widowed, as in the present case in view of the judgment in National Insurance Company Limited6, which has affirmed the position in Sarla Verma7. Thus, the High Court was justified in increasing the C percentage of personal expenses to the extent of 50 per cent and not 1/ 3rd as held by the Tribunal. 14. Now coming to the last aspect, i.e., the conventional heads, in National Insurance Company Limited8, it has been standardized at Rs.15,000 for loss of estate; Rs.40,000 towards loss of consortium (in the present case loss of love and affection) and Rs.15,000 towards funeral D expenses. The total amount, thus, would be Rs.70,000, which as per the said judgment is capable of being enhanced @ 10 per cent in the span of every three years. However, we are still within the window of three years.

15. The result of the aforesaid is that after deducting 50 per cent E of the amount towards personal expenses and adding 100 per cent towards future rise in income, we would be back at the figure of Rs.6,273 per month to which a multiplier of 18 has to be applied. The amount would come to Rs.13,54,968. The amount under the conventional heads would be Rs.70,000, i.e., totaling to Rs.14,24,968 rounded off at Rs.14,25,000. The award of interest would continue @ 12 per cent as awarded by the F Tribunal. 16. We may also notice the litigation of two decades, which the appellants have had to go through before different forums to claim the amounts due to them and we are of the view that they should be held entitled to costs throughout, which we assess at Rs.25,000. G 17. We, thus, allow the appeal in the aforesaid terms with costs assessed as aforesaid. Nidhi Jain Appeal allowed. 6 supra 7 supra 8 supra H

870 SUPREME COURT[2018]REPORTS3 S.C.R. 870 [2018] 3 S.C.R. A SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI & ANR. v. THE NEW INDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED & ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 5206 of 2016) B APRIL 18, 2018 [J. CHELAMESWAR AND SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, JJ.] Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 – Motor accident – Award of compensation – Future income rise – Computation of – Death of victim-25 year old widow, in a motor accident – Victim was a qualified C engineer, drawing monthly salary of Rs. 6,273/- – Claim petition by parents – Tribunal awarded Rs. 15,71,000/- as compensation wherein added 100 per cent towards future rise in income, deducted 1/3rd towards personal expenses and applied multiplier of 16 – In appeal, the High Court took future rise in income as 50 per cent, D deducted 50 per cent towards personal expenses, applied multiplier of 18 and awarded Rs. 10,72,360/- – On appeal, held: Standardized percentage is capable of being varied if the evidence is so led – Assessment of the tribunal is based on the evidence led – On facts, the tribunal justified in giving 100 per cent increase and taking the future prospects at Rs.12,000 per month – As regards, the percentage E

of deduction, considering that the deceased survived by her parents, 50 per cent amount be deducted as personal and living expenses of the deceased when the deceased is a widow – Thus, the High Court was justified in increasing the percentage of personal expenses to the extent of 50 per cent – After deducting 50 per cent of the amount F towards personal expenses and adding 100 per cent towards future rise in income, to the figure of Rs.6,273 per month, multiplier of 18 is applied, amounting to Rs.13,54,968 – Amount under conventional heads would be Rs.70,000, totaling to around Rs.14,25,000/- – Award of interest would continue @ 12 % – Litigation being of two decades, Rs.25,000 awarded as costs. G Sarla Verma & Ors. v. Delhi Transport Corporation & Anr. (2009) 6 SCC 121; National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors. AIR 2017 SC 5157 – referred to. H 870 SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI v. NEW INDIA 871 ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED Case Law Reference A (2009) 6 SCC 121 referred to Para 6 AIR 2017 SC 5157 referred to Para 11 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5206 of 2016. B From the Judgment and Order dated 09.02.2015 of the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in First Appeal No. 3876 of 2007. Mehal S. Shah, Sr. Adv., Hemal Kiritkumar Sheth, Advs. for the Appellants. C Rajesh Kumar Gupta, Hetu Arora Sethi, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, J. 1. Fate can be cruel. This is a tragic case where the only daughter of a lawyer husband and a doctor D wife, who got married early and unfortunately became a widow also at a young age, died in a vehicular accident, which took place on 16.8.1998. The claim of the parents (appellants herein) in respect of this unfortunate demise forms the subject matter of the present appeal. 2. It is not necessary to go into the details of the facts, as those E are not really liable to be examined in view of the limited controversy before us. The claim was laid on the basis that the deceased daughter was working in the company of original respondent No.4 as an International Internal Sales Engineer at a monthly salary of Rs.6,273. She had a B.E. (Civil) qualification. Her husband, after an early marriage, Fhad unfortunately passed away in the year 1996 and since then she was living with her parents, the claimants. The deceased had a quick successful progression in her career from the initial post of a Secretary, and the claim was based on the prospective earning of the deceased of more than Rs.25,000 per month.

G 3. We may note that qua the accident, the driver of the vehicle in which the deceased daughter was travelling died, and there was apportionment of contributory negligence to the extent of 80 per cent qua the truck driver, and 20 per cent qua the Tata Sierra, the two vehicles, which met with the accident. However, this would not affect the claim qua the parents before us. H 872 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2018] 3 S.C.R. A 4. There is no dispute that the assessed income of the deceased at the time of the accident was Rs.6,273 per month. This is a finding of fact, both by the Tribunal and the High Court. The Tribunal, however added approximately 100 per cent towards future rise in income and considered the prospective income at Rs.12,000 per month, and after deducting 1/3rd towards personal expenses of deceased, the Tribunal B assessed the loss of dependency or the future economic loss at Rs.8,000 per month and thereafter a multiplier of 16 was applied. The Tribunal, thus, awarded a sum of Rs.15,36,000 towards loss of dependency benefit; Rs.15,000 towards conventional amount under the head loss of estate; Rs.15,000 towards loss of love and affection and Rs.5,000 towards C funeral expenses totaling to Rs.15,71,000 in terms of an award dated 29.3.2007. The claimants were also held entitled to interest @ 12 per cent per annum on the award amount from the date of application till realization.

5. Both the sides were aggrieved by the assessment of this claim D and filed appeals before the High Court, which modified the award of the Tribunal vide impugned judgment dated 9.2.2015, which is subject matter of the present appeal. 6. The High Court declined to accept the future income rise as 100 per cent and took the same as 50 per cent in view of the judgment of E this Court in Sarla Verma & Ors. v. Delhi Transport Corporation & Anr.1 The High Court, considering that the claimants were the parents of the deceased, deducted 50 per cent towards personal expenses instead of 1/3rd of the amount, as per the Tribunal. In fact, a reading of the order shows that these were the only two pleas advanced on behalf of the insurance company on which the appeal of the insurance company F succeeded. 7. The High Court, however, fixed the multiplier at 18 instead of 16 as fixed by the Tribunal, as the deceased was aged about 25 years, and that would have been the appropriate multiplier as per Sarla Verma2. The High Court also examined the two other pleas made on behalf of G the claimants, i.e., that the award of Rs.15,000 for loss of estate and Rs.15,000 for loss of love and affection was inadequate. 8. In view of what the High Court held as aforesaid, the amount was computed at Rs.10,72,360 with a sum of Rs.50,000 being awarded 1 (2009) 6 SCC 121 H 2 supra SURESHCHANDRA BAGMAL DOSHI v. NEW INDIA 873 ASSURANCE COMPANY LTD. [SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, J.]

under the head of loss of estate as well as loss of love and affection A instead of Rs.30,000 as awarded by the Tribunal and Rs.5,000 towards funeral expenses. The interest awarded was also upheld. 9. The claimants alone are the appellants before us. 10. On having heard the learned counsel for the parties and having examined the record, we may note that the parties are ad idem on the B assessment of the income of the deceased at Rs.6,273 per month. The question, thus, is whether the Tribunal was right in increasing the amount for future rise in income by 100 per cent, or the High Court was within its right to reduce the said amount to 50 per cent.

11. We have the benefit of the Constitution Bench judgment of C this Court in National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors.3. While examining the observations in Sarla Verma4, the Constitution Bench gave its imprimatur to the addition of 50 per cent to actual salary of the deceased towards future prospects where the deceased had a permanent job and was below the age of 40 years, as in Dthe present case. However, learned counsel for the appellant has brought to our notice a recent order passed by this Court in SLP (C) No.22134/ 2016 and other connected matters dated 22.11.2017 wherein while taking note of the views expressed by National Insurance Company Limited5, it has been observed that the percentage for calculating future rise in income is no bar to future prospects being taken at a higher level where E the assessment is based on actual evidence led to the satisfaction of the Tribunal/the Court that the future prospects were higher than the standard percentage. Learned counsel, thus, submitted in the context of the evidence led in the present case that the two certificates dated 16.10.1998 and 8.7.2005 were proved in terms whereof the deceased’s future prospects would have entitled her to a gross salary in the range of F Rs.14,000 to Rs. 17,000 per month. No doubt the second certificate is dated 8.7.2005, after a lapse of 7 years from the first certificate, but then that would be a more realistic estimate of what a person holding that post would be earning at that stage of time. There is no rebuttal evidence led by the insurance company and we see no reason to doubt G these certificates. Thus, the assessment of the Tribunal is based on the evidence led in the present case. As noticed above, the standardized percentage is capable of being varied if the evidence is so led.

3 AIR 2017 SC 5157 4 supra 5 supra H 874 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2018] 3 S.C.R. A 12. We are, thus, of the view that looking into the conspectus of the aforesaid facts and the legal position, the Tribunal was justified in giving a 100 per cent increase and taking the future prospects at Rs.12,000 per month. 13. The second aspect relates to the percentage of deduction. It really could not be seriously disputed before us that considering that the B deceased is survived by the two parents, 50 per cent amount be deducted as personal and living expenses of the deceased when the deceased is unmarried or widowed, as in the present case in view of the judgment in National Insurance Company Limited6, which has affirmed the position in Sarla Verma7. Thus, the High Court was justified in increasing the C percentage of personal expenses to the extent of 50 per cent and not 1/ 3rd as held by the Tribunal. 14. Now coming to the last aspect, i.e., the conventional heads, in National Insurance Company Limited8, it has been standardized at Rs.15,000 for loss of estate; Rs.40,000 towards loss of consortium (in the present case loss of love and affection) and Rs.15,000 towards funeral D expenses. The total amount, thus, would be Rs.70,000, which as per the said judgment is capable of being enhanced @ 10 per cent in the span of every three years. However, we are still within the window of three years.

15. The result of the aforesaid is that after deducting 50 per cent E of the amount towards personal expenses and adding 100 per cent towards future rise in income, we would be back at the figure of Rs.6,273 per month to which a multiplier of 18 has to be applied. The amount would come to Rs.13,54,968. The amount under the conventional heads would be Rs.70,000, i.e., totaling to Rs.14,24,968 rounded off at Rs.14,25,000. The award of interest would continue @ 12 per cent as awarded by the F Tribunal. 16. We may also notice the litigation of two decades, which the appellants have had to go through before different forums to claim the amounts due to them and we are of the view that they should be held entitled to costs throughout, which we assess at Rs.25,000. G 17. We, thus, allow the appeal in the aforesaid terms with costs assessed as aforesaid. Nidhi Jain Appeal allowed. 6 supra 7 supra 8 supra H