[2017] 9 S.C.R. 512 A D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. (Civil Appeal Nos. 8345-8346 of2009) B SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 [MADAN B. LOKUR AND DEEPAK GUPTA, JJ.] Estoppel: Application invited for filling up post of Music Teacher on C direct recruitment basis. - Respondent'No. J (already a Music Teacher in one of the schools of the Management-respondent No. 6) participated in the recruitment process - Appointment of appellant - Thereafte1; claim of respondent No. I to promote her on the basis of seniority - Held: Respondent No. J is estopped from challenging D the recruitment drive, after having participated in that - Service Law. Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD: An advertisement was issued by Respondent No.6, inviting applications for the post of Music Teacher. Respondent E No.1 did not raise any objection at that stage that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment and she should be considered for promotion. Not only that, she in fact, applied for the post and took part in the selection process. After having taken part in the selection process and being found lower in merit to the appellant, she cannot at this stage be permitted to turn around and claim F that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment. [Para 11)(516-F-H] - Dr. G Sarna v. University of Lucknow & Ors. (1976) 3 SCC 585 : [1977] 1 SCR 64; Madan Lal & Ors. v.

State of J & K & Ors. (1995) 3 SCC 486 : (1995) 1 G SCR 908; Manish Kumar Shahi v. State of Bihar (2010) 12 SCC 576; Ramesh Chandra Shah and Ors. v. Anil Joshi and Ors. (2013) 11 SCC 309 : [2013] 5 SCR 687; Madras Institute of Development Studies and Anr. · v. Dr. K. Sivasubramaniyan and Ors. (2016) 1 SCC 454 - relied on.H 512 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. 513 Case Law Reference A (1977) 1 SCR 64 relied on Paras [1995) 1 SCR 908 relied on Para6 (2010) 12 sec 576 relied on Para7 (2013) 5 SCR 687 relied on Para8 B (2016) 1 sec 454 relied on Para9 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 8345-8346 of2009. From the final Judgment and Order dated 06.07.2005 passed by C the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in W.A. Nos.1621 of 2003 and 1735 of2003 respectively. Mathai M. Paikaday, Sr. Adv., Shishir Pinaki, Sanjay Jaih, Advs. for the Appellant. ' E. M. S. Anam, G. Prakash, Jishnu M. L., Ms. Priyanka Prakash, D Ms. Beena Prakash, Vijay Shankar V. L., Ranjith K. C. Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DEEPAK GUPTA, J. I. Respondent No.6, Management of E Church of South India, is running a number of schools in the State of Kerala. We are concerned with two schools, i.e., Samue!LMS High School, Parassala and the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. Respondent No.I was working as part-time Music Teacher in the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. F

2. The Management of the Samuel LMS High School, Parassala, invited applications for filling up the post of Music Teacher on direct recruitment basis. The Appellant and Respondent No. I both applied for the said post. The appellant was appointed as Music Teacher on 12.07.1999 in Samuel LMS High School, Parassala. Though Respondent No. I had applied for being considered fornppointmentas Music Teacher G in the Samuel LMS High School, but after she was not selected in the process of direct recruitment, she raised a plea that since the Management of both the schools are same, she was entitled to be promoted as Music Teacher on the basis.ofher seniority in the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. In this regard, ·she first filed a petition before· the District H 514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017) 9 S.C.R.

A Educational Officer who accepted her petition and held that the case of Respondent No.I was covered under Rule 43 of Kera la Education Rules (for short KER). The appellant filed an appeal which was rejected by the Deputy Director, Education. Thereafter, a revision petition was filed and the main ground raised by Respondent No.6 herein was that the two B Schools were separate units. It was contended that the Samuel LMS High Scliool was run for all children, whereas the Light to the Blind School, Varkala, was meant only for differently abled children. It was pointed out that Respondent No.6 had never maintained a common seniority list for these two schools and this was never challenged by Respondent No. I or any other member of the staff. The Director, Public C Instruction held that both schools had different identities and Rule 43 \Vas not applicable. Respondent No. I, thereafter, filed a representati.on which was rejected by the State Government in which it was held that these two schools were separate units and Respondent No.6 had been treating the schools run by them for specially challenged children as D separate entities.

3. Respondent No.I, thereafter, filed a writ petition in the High Court of Kerala. An objection was raised that since Respondent No. I herein had taken part in the selection process, she could not, after being not selected, be permitted to turn around and claim that the process of direct recruitment could not have been resorted to by the Management E of Samuel LMS High School. This objection was overruled by the High Court only on the ground that there can be no estoppel against a statute and the appellant could not be debarred from filing a writ petition. On merits it was held that both the schools formed one unit and, therefore, Respondent No. I was entitled for promotion in the Samuel LMS High F School. The two writ appeals filed by the present appellant were dismissed. 4. The main. ground urged on behalf of the appellant is that Respondent No. I .having taken part in the selection process could not be permitted to challenge the same after she was unsuccessful in getting G selected. The law is well settled that once a person takes pait in the process of selection and is not found fit for appointment, the said person is estopped from challenging the process of selection. 5. In Dr. G Sarna vs. University of Lucknow & Ors., 1 the petitioner after appearing in the interview for the post of Professor and H 1 (t976J 3 sec 585 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. 515 . [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.)

having not been selected pleaded that the experts were biased. This A Court did not permit the petitioner to raise this issue and held as follows :-"15. We do not, however, consider it necessary in the present case to get into the question of the reasonableness of bias or real likelihood of bias as despite the fact that tlie appellant knew all the relevant facts, he did not before appearing for the interview B or at the time of the interview raise even his little finger against the constitution of the Selection Committee. He seems to have voluntarily appeared before the committee and taken a chance of having a favourable recommendation from it. Having done so, it is not now open to him to turn round and question the constitution c of the committee ...... " 6. In Madan Lal & Ors. vs. State of J&K & Ors.2, the petitioner laid challenge to the manner and method of conducting viva-voce test after they had appeared in the same and were unsuccessful. This Court held as follows :- D

"9 ....... Thus the petitioners took a chance to get themselves selected at the said oral interview. Only because they did not find themselves to have emerged successful as a result of their combined performance both at written test and oral interview, they have filed this petition. It is now well settled that if a candidate takes a calculated chance and appears at the interview, then, only E because the result of the interview is not palatable to him, he cannot turn round and subsequently contend that the process of interview was unfair or Selection Committee was not properly constituted ...... " 7. In Manislz Kumar Sltalzi vs. State of Bilrar, 3 , this Court held F as follows :- "23 ....... Surely, if the petitioner's name had appeared in the merit list, he would not have even dreamed of challenging the selection. The petitioner invoked jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution oflndia only after he found that his name G does not figure in the merit list prepared by the Commission. This conduct of the petitioner clearly disentitles him from questioning '(1995) 3 sec 486 '(2010) 12 sec 576 H 516 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] 9 S.C.R. A the selection and the High Court did not commit any error by , refusing to entertain the writ petition."

8. In the case of Ramesh Chandra Shah and others vs. Anil Joshi and others 4 the petitioners took part in the process of selection made under the general Rules. Having appeared in the interview and B not being successful they challenged the method of recruitment itself. · . They were not permitted to raise such an objection. This Court held as follows:- "24. In view of the propositions laid down in the above noted judgments, it must be held that by having taken part in the process c of selection with full knowledge that the recruitment was being made under the General Rules, the respondents had waived their right to question the advertisement or methodology adopted by the Board for making selection and the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench of the High Court committed grave error by entertaining the grievance made by the respondents." D 9. Same view has been taken in Madras Institute of Development Studies and Another vs. Dr. K. Sivasubramaniyan and others 5• IO. The Kerala High Court did not note the above mentioned E judgments and ignored the well settled position of law in rejecting the specific plea raised by the appellant herein that the appellant could not raise the issue that no direct recruitment should have been conducted once she had applied for and taken part in the selection process by direct recruitment.

11. As far as the present case is concerned an advertisement was F issued by Respondent No.6 inviting applications for the post of Music Teacher in Samuel LMS High School. Respondent No. I did not raise any objection at that stage that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment and she should be considered for promotion. Not only that, she in fact, applied· for the post and took part in the selection process. G After having taken part in the selection process and being found lower in merit to the appellant, she cannot at this stage be permitted to tum around and claim that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment. The reasoning of the learned Single Judge in rejecting the objection is • (2013) 11 sec 309 H '(2016) 1 sec 454 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THlLAKOM & ORS. 517 [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.] not in consonance with the law laid down by this Court. In view of this A · we need not go irtto the other issues raised. 12. We, therefore, allow these appeals and set aside order dated 25.07.2003 of the learned Single Judge and dismiss the writ petition · 0.P.No.36563 of2002 as being not maintainable. 8 Kalpana K. Tripathy Appeals allowed. .i." I I' !

[2017] 9 S.C.R. 512 A D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. (Civil Appeal Nos. 8345-8346 of2009) B SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 [MADAN B. LOKUR AND DEEPAK GUPTA, JJ.] Estoppel: Application invited for filling up post of Music Teacher on C direct recruitment basis. - Respondent'No. J (already a Music Teacher in one of the schools of the Management-respondent No. 6) participated in the recruitment process - Appointment of appellant - Thereafte1; claim of respondent No. I to promote her on the basis of seniority - Held: Respondent No. J is estopped from challenging D the recruitment drive, after having participated in that - Service Law. Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD: An advertisement was issued by Respondent No.6, inviting applications for the post of Music Teacher. Respondent E No.1 did not raise any objection at that stage that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment and she should be considered for promotion. Not only that, she in fact, applied for the post and took part in the selection process. After having taken part in the selection process and being found lower in merit to the appellant, she cannot at this stage be permitted to turn around and claim F that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment. [Para 11)(516-F-H] - Dr. G Sarna v. University of Lucknow & Ors. (1976) 3 SCC 585 : [1977] 1 SCR 64; Madan Lal & Ors. v.

State of J & K & Ors. (1995) 3 SCC 486 : (1995) 1 G SCR 908; Manish Kumar Shahi v. State of Bihar (2010) 12 SCC 576; Ramesh Chandra Shah and Ors. v. Anil Joshi and Ors. (2013) 11 SCC 309 : [2013] 5 SCR 687; Madras Institute of Development Studies and Anr. · v. Dr. K. Sivasubramaniyan and Ors. (2016) 1 SCC 454 - relied on.H 512 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. 513 Case Law Reference A (1977) 1 SCR 64 relied on Paras [1995) 1 SCR 908 relied on Para6 (2010) 12 sec 576 relied on Para7 (2013) 5 SCR 687 relied on Para8 B (2016) 1 sec 454 relied on Para9 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 8345-8346 of2009. From the final Judgment and Order dated 06.07.2005 passed by C the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in W.A. Nos.1621 of 2003 and 1735 of2003 respectively. Mathai M. Paikaday, Sr. Adv., Shishir Pinaki, Sanjay Jaih, Advs. for the Appellant. ' E. M. S. Anam, G. Prakash, Jishnu M. L., Ms. Priyanka Prakash, D Ms. Beena Prakash, Vijay Shankar V. L., Ranjith K. C. Advs. for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DEEPAK GUPTA, J. I. Respondent No.6, Management of E Church of South India, is running a number of schools in the State of Kerala. We are concerned with two schools, i.e., Samue!LMS High School, Parassala and the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. Respondent No.I was working as part-time Music Teacher in the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. F

2. The Management of the Samuel LMS High School, Parassala, invited applications for filling up the post of Music Teacher on direct recruitment basis. The Appellant and Respondent No. I both applied for the said post. The appellant was appointed as Music Teacher on 12.07.1999 in Samuel LMS High School, Parassala. Though Respondent No. I had applied for being considered fornppointmentas Music Teacher G in the Samuel LMS High School, but after she was not selected in the process of direct recruitment, she raised a plea that since the Management of both the schools are same, she was entitled to be promoted as Music Teacher on the basis.ofher seniority in the Light to the Blind School, Varkala. In this regard, ·she first filed a petition before· the District H 514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017) 9 S.C.R.

A Educational Officer who accepted her petition and held that the case of Respondent No.I was covered under Rule 43 of Kera la Education Rules (for short KER). The appellant filed an appeal which was rejected by the Deputy Director, Education. Thereafter, a revision petition was filed and the main ground raised by Respondent No.6 herein was that the two B Schools were separate units. It was contended that the Samuel LMS High Scliool was run for all children, whereas the Light to the Blind School, Varkala, was meant only for differently abled children. It was pointed out that Respondent No.6 had never maintained a common seniority list for these two schools and this was never challenged by Respondent No. I or any other member of the staff. The Director, Public C Instruction held that both schools had different identities and Rule 43 \Vas not applicable. Respondent No. I, thereafter, filed a representati.on which was rejected by the State Government in which it was held that these two schools were separate units and Respondent No.6 had been treating the schools run by them for specially challenged children as D separate entities.

3. Respondent No.I, thereafter, filed a writ petition in the High Court of Kerala. An objection was raised that since Respondent No. I herein had taken part in the selection process, she could not, after being not selected, be permitted to turn around and claim that the process of direct recruitment could not have been resorted to by the Management E of Samuel LMS High School. This objection was overruled by the High Court only on the ground that there can be no estoppel against a statute and the appellant could not be debarred from filing a writ petition. On merits it was held that both the schools formed one unit and, therefore, Respondent No. I was entitled for promotion in the Samuel LMS High F School. The two writ appeals filed by the present appellant were dismissed. 4. The main. ground urged on behalf of the appellant is that Respondent No. I .having taken part in the selection process could not be permitted to challenge the same after she was unsuccessful in getting G selected. The law is well settled that once a person takes pait in the process of selection and is not found fit for appointment, the said person is estopped from challenging the process of selection. 5. In Dr. G Sarna vs. University of Lucknow & Ors., 1 the petitioner after appearing in the interview for the post of Professor and H 1 (t976J 3 sec 585 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THILAKOM & ORS. 515 . [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.)

having not been selected pleaded that the experts were biased. This A Court did not permit the petitioner to raise this issue and held as follows :-"15. We do not, however, consider it necessary in the present case to get into the question of the reasonableness of bias or real likelihood of bias as despite the fact that tlie appellant knew all the relevant facts, he did not before appearing for the interview B or at the time of the interview raise even his little finger against the constitution of the Selection Committee. He seems to have voluntarily appeared before the committee and taken a chance of having a favourable recommendation from it. Having done so, it is not now open to him to turn round and question the constitution c of the committee ...... " 6. In Madan Lal & Ors. vs. State of J&K & Ors.2, the petitioner laid challenge to the manner and method of conducting viva-voce test after they had appeared in the same and were unsuccessful. This Court held as follows :- D

"9 ....... Thus the petitioners took a chance to get themselves selected at the said oral interview. Only because they did not find themselves to have emerged successful as a result of their combined performance both at written test and oral interview, they have filed this petition. It is now well settled that if a candidate takes a calculated chance and appears at the interview, then, only E because the result of the interview is not palatable to him, he cannot turn round and subsequently contend that the process of interview was unfair or Selection Committee was not properly constituted ...... " 7. In Manislz Kumar Sltalzi vs. State of Bilrar, 3 , this Court held F as follows :- "23 ....... Surely, if the petitioner's name had appeared in the merit list, he would not have even dreamed of challenging the selection. The petitioner invoked jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution oflndia only after he found that his name G does not figure in the merit list prepared by the Commission. This conduct of the petitioner clearly disentitles him from questioning '(1995) 3 sec 486 '(2010) 12 sec 576 H 516 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] 9 S.C.R. A the selection and the High Court did not commit any error by , refusing to entertain the writ petition."

8. In the case of Ramesh Chandra Shah and others vs. Anil Joshi and others 4 the petitioners took part in the process of selection made under the general Rules. Having appeared in the interview and B not being successful they challenged the method of recruitment itself. · . They were not permitted to raise such an objection. This Court held as follows:- "24. In view of the propositions laid down in the above noted judgments, it must be held that by having taken part in the process c of selection with full knowledge that the recruitment was being made under the General Rules, the respondents had waived their right to question the advertisement or methodology adopted by the Board for making selection and the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench of the High Court committed grave error by entertaining the grievance made by the respondents." D 9. Same view has been taken in Madras Institute of Development Studies and Another vs. Dr. K. Sivasubramaniyan and others 5• IO. The Kerala High Court did not note the above mentioned E judgments and ignored the well settled position of law in rejecting the specific plea raised by the appellant herein that the appellant could not raise the issue that no direct recruitment should have been conducted once she had applied for and taken part in the selection process by direct recruitment.

11. As far as the present case is concerned an advertisement was F issued by Respondent No.6 inviting applications for the post of Music Teacher in Samuel LMS High School. Respondent No. I did not raise any objection at that stage that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment and she should be considered for promotion. Not only that, she in fact, applied· for the post and took part in the selection process. G After having taken part in the selection process and being found lower in merit to the appellant, she cannot at this stage be permitted to tum around and claim that the post could not be filled in by direct recruitment. The reasoning of the learned Single Judge in rejecting the objection is • (2013) 11 sec 309 H '(2016) 1 sec 454 D. SAROJAKUMARI v. R. HELEN THlLAKOM & ORS. 517 [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.] not in consonance with the law laid down by this Court. In view of this A · we need not go irtto the other issues raised. 12. We, therefore, allow these appeals and set aside order dated 25.07.2003 of the learned Single Judge and dismiss the writ petition · 0.P.No.36563 of2002 as being not maintainable. 8 Kalpana K. Tripathy Appeals allowed. .i." I I' !