[2016}9 S.C.R. 736 - ,- : : , . -. A WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v . . ' BHARAT COKING COAL LTD. & ANR. , (I.A No. 2 of2016) B IN (Civil Appeal No. 13953 of2015) OCTOBER 03, 2016 [T. S. THAKUR, CJI, A.M. KIIANWILKAR AND C DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, JJ.] Industrial Disptttes Act, 1947 - s.JO(l)(d) -Award of Industrial Tribunal directing regularization of workmen - Modified by High Court, directing that preference be given to the workmen in questio11. when regular workmen are employed - No appeal filed D against judgment of High Court - Years later, the workmen in question initiated a second round of litigation - Held: Relief of reinstatement cannot be given to the workmen in question, since such relief was denied in the judgment of High Cottrt which was not challenged - Distinction from case of another set of workmen, E where the award passed by the Tribunal for reinstatement was modified by the High Court but the High Court judgment was set aside by Supreme Court in appeal and the award of Tribunal was ~ restored- However, in order to render full, final and complete justice in the instant case, respondents directed to deposit an amount of Rs.2 /akhs as compensation lo each workman in question. F

On a reference under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Tribunal had delivered an award in 1996 directing regularization of the workmen in.question. The High Court, however, modified the award in 2004 directing that .as and when regular workmen are employed, preference be given to the workmen in question. No appeal was filed G againstthejudgment of High Court. In 2011, the workmen in question initiated a second round of litigation before the High Court in writ proceedings which were dismissed. Hence, the present appeal. Allowing the appeal, the Court H 736 WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v. 737 BHARATCOKING COAL LTD. & ANR.

HELD: 1. The facts indicate that the Award of the Industrial A Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 directed the management of BCCL to regularise the workmen, but without backwages. The Award was, however, modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004 whereby the management was only required in case it intended to employ regular workmen, to give preference to the workmen Bin question. This order of the High Court was not challenged by the Union representing the workmen. Evidently, no challenge was raised to the modification of the Award by the High Court unlike another reference concerning a separate set of workmen. In their case, the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was modified by a Division Bench of the High Court in a Letters Patent Appeal. c The judgment of the Division Bench was challenged before this Court by the Union as a result of which the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored and reinstatement was ordered without backwages. In the present case, however, the fact remains that the order of the High Court was never challenged. [Para 6)(740-DD-G)

2. There is no occasion at present to grant them reinstatement in any event, such relief having been denied in the judgment of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 which was not challenged. However, the predicament of the workmen is real. ETwo sets of workmen in the same colliery under the same company have received unequal treatment. The present group of workmen had faced attrition in numbers and were left with no practical relief. This situation should be remedied, to tJ1e extent permissible in law, having regard to the above background. In order to render full, final and complete justice, an order for the payment of F compensation iii final settlement of all the claims, dues and outstandings payable to the workmen in question would meet the ends of justice. The Respondents shall deposit an amount of Rs. Two lakhs each towards compensation payable to each one of the 14 workmen in question. [Paras 7, 8) [741-A-D] G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: I. A. No. 2 of 2016 in Civil Appeal No. 13953 of2015. From the Judgment and Order dated 16.07.2012 of the High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi in L. P.A. No. 203 of2012. S. K. Sinha, Adv. for the Appellant. H 738 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016) 9 S.C.R. A Anupam Lal Das, Anirudh Singh, Sahil Monga, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DR. D. Y. CHANDRACIIUD, J. I. The Appellant, which is a registered trade union, espoused the cause of the_ workmen engaged at B Balihari Colliery under Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL). Of the 20 original workmen, 14 are left in the fray. In 1993, a reference was made by the appropriate government under Section I 0( l )( d) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 194 7 to the Central Government Industrial Tribunal at Dhanbad on the demand raised by the workmen for regularisation. The reference was as follows:- c "Whether the demand ofRashtriya Colliery Mazdoor Sangh for regularization of the workmen on the role of Balihari Colliery ofM/s BCCL Ltd., and payments to them of wages as per N.C.W.A. is justified? If so, to what relief the workmen are entitled?" D The Industrial Tribunal delivered an Award on 9 September 1996 in the above mentioned reference, Reference 26 of 1993. By its Award, the Industrial Tribunal allowed the reference in the following terms:-"The management of BCCL is directed to regularise the E concerned workmen as per annexure of the reference as permanent employee as per NCWA in Cat. I within three months from the date of publication of this Award with the wages and other amenities to which they are entitled to. But no back wages is given nor is it claimed. No cost is awarded also to either of the parties. Thus the reference F is disposed of and this is my Award".

2. Separately, the appropriate government made another reference on 11 August 1994, being Reference 204of1994, under Section I 0( I)( d) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in respect of76 workmen who had been denied regularisation in Balihari Colliery. In that reference, an G Award was rendered by the Industrial Tribunal on 14 August 2000 directing BCCL to regularise 73 out of76 workmen. The management challenged the Award in writ proceedings before the High Court (CWJC 3824 of 2000). The High Court by a judgment dated 26 July 200 I dismissed the writ petition. In a Letters Patent Appeal (LPA 543 of2001 ), a Division H WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v.· 739 BHARAT COKING COAL LTD.[DR. D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.] Bench of the High Court by a judgment dated I 0 March 2003 modified A the Award by directing that as and when the management intended to appoint regular workmen, it shall give preference to the workmen in question, if necessary by relaxing conditions ofage and eligibility. The judgment of the High Court was challenged before this Court in Civil Appeal No. 3962 of2006 by the Union. By a judgment and order dated B18 November 2009 the Civil Appeal was allowed and the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored. In consequence the workmen were directed to be reinstated though without any backwages.

3. In the present case, the Award of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 was modified by a judgment dated 18 May 2004 of cthe High Court in CWJC 1654of1997. The Award was modified in the following terms:- " ... the impugned awards are modified to the extent that as and when Mis. B.C.C.L. intends to employ regular workmen, it shall give preference to these 88 plus 20 persons, if they D are otherwise found suitable by relaxing the conditions as to the works age appropriately taking into consideration their. age atthe time of their initial appointment and also by relaxing the condition regarding academic/technical qualification".

No appeal was filed against the impugned judgment of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 by the Union. However, on 22 August 2011 a E representation was submitted on behalf of the work.men to the management seeking employment for those governed by the Award dated 9 September 1996, as modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004. Eventually, a writ petition was filed before the High Court under Article 226 seeking a direction to the employer to furnish employment to 20 F workmen in terms of the order of the High Court dated 18 May 2004. The writ petition was dismissed by learned Single Judge on 21 March 2012 on the ground that execution of the Award of the Industrial Tribunal could not be sought by invoking the jurisdiction under Article226. In a Letters Patent Appeal, the Division Bench by a judgment dated 16 July 2012 affirmed the view of the learned Single Judge. The present G proceedings have been instituted to challenge the judgment of the Division Bench dated 16 July 2012. 4. During the pendency of these proceedings an effort was made to secure an amicable resolution of the dispute, which was unsuccessful. H 740 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016] 9 S.C.R.

A By an order dated 28 August 2015 the management was directed to dispose of the representation submitted on behalf of the workmen on 22 August 2011. Accordingly, a reasoned order was issued on 16 September 2015 by the Project Officer. The order notes that after the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was modified by the learned Single Judge on 18 May 2004, the workmen initiated a second round of litigation only in B 2011 by filing a representation on 22 August 2011 and thereafter instituting writ proceedings. The order rejecting the representation notes that the workmen had worked in 1987-1989 with a dummy contractor and nearly 26 years had elapsed since then. BCCL, it has been stated, was until recently a sick company under the BIFR and had not initiated any regular c process ofrecruitment after the order of the learned Single Judge dated 18 May 2004. However, it has been noted that the management would make a sincere endeavour to grant preference to the 14 workmen in case any fresh recruitment is made subject to age and physical requirements being met. D 5. Leave was granted in these proceedings on 27 November 2015.

6. The narration of facts indicates that the Award of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 directed the management ofBCCL to regularise the workmen, but without backwages. The Award was, however, modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004. As a result, the management was only required in case it intended to employ regular E workmen, to give preference to the workmen in question by relaxing conditions as to age and eligibility. The order of the High Court was not challenged by the Union representing the workmen. Evidently, no challenge was raised to the modification of the Award by the High Court unlike in the case of Reference 204of1994. In that case, the Award of F the Industrial Tribunal was modified by a Division Bench of the High Court in a Letters Patent Appeal on 10 March 2003. The judgment of the Division Bench was challenged before this Court by the Union as a result of which, by a final judgment and order dated 18 November 2009, ·the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored and reinstatement was ordered without backwages. In the present case, however, the G fact remains that the order of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 was never £hallenged. 7. The basic grievance of the workmen is that as a result of the position which has ensued, the workmen governed by the present proceedings of whom only 14 are left in the fray, are virtually without -- - H WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v. 741 BHARAT COKING COAL LTD.(DR. D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.J

any relief or remedy in practical temis .. The workmen -:vere engaged A between 1987 and 1989. Nearly 27 years have elapsed sin~ethen. Many of the 14 workmen would be on the verge of attaining the age of retirement. There is no occasion at present to grant them reinstatement since in any event, such relief has been denied in the judgment of the High Court dated i 8 May 2004 \vhich has not been challenged. BHowever, the predicament of the workmen is real. Two sets of workmen in the same coEiery µpqe..r !he Sflme_ comp(lnY;~.a~rl~c.~ivt;d unequal i treatment. The present group of workmen has faced attntton m numbers and has been left with no practical relief. This siiuation should be remedied, to the extent that is now pennissible in law, having regard to the above background, In order to render full, final and complete justice; c we are of the· view that an order for the payment of compensation in final settlement of all the claims, dues and outstandings payab[e to the i 4 workmen in question would meet the ends of justice: ' i ~- -. 8. We. accordingiy direct that the Respondents shall deposiiw.iih the Central Government Tribunal (No.2) at Ohan bad an amou.nt.of Rs. D Two lakhs 'each towards conipensaiion payable to each one of the.' i.4 workmen. This ar~ount shall be in full and final satisfaction of all the claims, demaflds and outstandings. Upon deposit of the amount, the;\~itrd of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996, as modifi~d by th~ High Court on 18 May _2004 shall· be marke.d assaffsfied, .The ERespondents shall deposit the amount as directed hereinabove; within a perioo of two months from today before the Central Government Industrial Tribunal (No.2) Dhai1bad in Reference 26of1993. The amount shall b~ disbursed to the workmen concerned subject to due verification of identity by the Ilidustrial Tribunal. · · · · · · F 9. The Civil Appeal shall stand allowed in the aboye terms. There shall be no order as to costs. · • ' '" · • · ' · ... · · · · .... i - ' •. -.1 t ·; ' . ,--~~P~a:r allowed.D1vYa Pandey ~~:::-'- ~ . . ·:·-·· ·:. "-........ ..

: ·-~ ,;,. - i''- . •:i. •• : : . ._ l',,. . . ·. ~ : . I . , . ;; ...• : 'i -·~-' -_, - ) , .. . ' .. ,_ .· • ·. ; o'. : i .- .,, . -, .. ' - _.. ~ ' .... .. ~-- -· ·.:_ '

[2016}9 S.C.R. 736 - ,- : : , . -. A WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v . . ' BHARAT COKING COAL LTD. & ANR. , (I.A No. 2 of2016) B IN (Civil Appeal No. 13953 of2015) OCTOBER 03, 2016 [T. S. THAKUR, CJI, A.M. KIIANWILKAR AND C DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, JJ.] Industrial Disptttes Act, 1947 - s.JO(l)(d) -Award of Industrial Tribunal directing regularization of workmen - Modified by High Court, directing that preference be given to the workmen in questio11. when regular workmen are employed - No appeal filed D against judgment of High Court - Years later, the workmen in question initiated a second round of litigation - Held: Relief of reinstatement cannot be given to the workmen in question, since such relief was denied in the judgment of High Cottrt which was not challenged - Distinction from case of another set of workmen, E where the award passed by the Tribunal for reinstatement was modified by the High Court but the High Court judgment was set aside by Supreme Court in appeal and the award of Tribunal was ~ restored- However, in order to render full, final and complete justice in the instant case, respondents directed to deposit an amount of Rs.2 /akhs as compensation lo each workman in question. F

On a reference under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Tribunal had delivered an award in 1996 directing regularization of the workmen in.question. The High Court, however, modified the award in 2004 directing that .as and when regular workmen are employed, preference be given to the workmen in question. No appeal was filed G againstthejudgment of High Court. In 2011, the workmen in question initiated a second round of litigation before the High Court in writ proceedings which were dismissed. Hence, the present appeal. Allowing the appeal, the Court H 736 WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v. 737 BHARATCOKING COAL LTD. & ANR.

HELD: 1. The facts indicate that the Award of the Industrial A Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 directed the management of BCCL to regularise the workmen, but without backwages. The Award was, however, modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004 whereby the management was only required in case it intended to employ regular workmen, to give preference to the workmen Bin question. This order of the High Court was not challenged by the Union representing the workmen. Evidently, no challenge was raised to the modification of the Award by the High Court unlike another reference concerning a separate set of workmen. In their case, the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was modified by a Division Bench of the High Court in a Letters Patent Appeal. c The judgment of the Division Bench was challenged before this Court by the Union as a result of which the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored and reinstatement was ordered without backwages. In the present case, however, the fact remains that the order of the High Court was never challenged. [Para 6)(740-DD-G)

2. There is no occasion at present to grant them reinstatement in any event, such relief having been denied in the judgment of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 which was not challenged. However, the predicament of the workmen is real. ETwo sets of workmen in the same colliery under the same company have received unequal treatment. The present group of workmen had faced attrition in numbers and were left with no practical relief. This situation should be remedied, to tJ1e extent permissible in law, having regard to the above background. In order to render full, final and complete justice, an order for the payment of F compensation iii final settlement of all the claims, dues and outstandings payable to the workmen in question would meet the ends of justice. The Respondents shall deposit an amount of Rs. Two lakhs each towards compensation payable to each one of the 14 workmen in question. [Paras 7, 8) [741-A-D] G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: I. A. No. 2 of 2016 in Civil Appeal No. 13953 of2015. From the Judgment and Order dated 16.07.2012 of the High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi in L. P.A. No. 203 of2012. S. K. Sinha, Adv. for the Appellant. H 738 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016) 9 S.C.R. A Anupam Lal Das, Anirudh Singh, Sahil Monga, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DR. D. Y. CHANDRACIIUD, J. I. The Appellant, which is a registered trade union, espoused the cause of the_ workmen engaged at B Balihari Colliery under Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL). Of the 20 original workmen, 14 are left in the fray. In 1993, a reference was made by the appropriate government under Section I 0( l )( d) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 194 7 to the Central Government Industrial Tribunal at Dhanbad on the demand raised by the workmen for regularisation. The reference was as follows:- c "Whether the demand ofRashtriya Colliery Mazdoor Sangh for regularization of the workmen on the role of Balihari Colliery ofM/s BCCL Ltd., and payments to them of wages as per N.C.W.A. is justified? If so, to what relief the workmen are entitled?" D The Industrial Tribunal delivered an Award on 9 September 1996 in the above mentioned reference, Reference 26 of 1993. By its Award, the Industrial Tribunal allowed the reference in the following terms:-"The management of BCCL is directed to regularise the E concerned workmen as per annexure of the reference as permanent employee as per NCWA in Cat. I within three months from the date of publication of this Award with the wages and other amenities to which they are entitled to. But no back wages is given nor is it claimed. No cost is awarded also to either of the parties. Thus the reference F is disposed of and this is my Award".

2. Separately, the appropriate government made another reference on 11 August 1994, being Reference 204of1994, under Section I 0( I)( d) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in respect of76 workmen who had been denied regularisation in Balihari Colliery. In that reference, an G Award was rendered by the Industrial Tribunal on 14 August 2000 directing BCCL to regularise 73 out of76 workmen. The management challenged the Award in writ proceedings before the High Court (CWJC 3824 of 2000). The High Court by a judgment dated 26 July 200 I dismissed the writ petition. In a Letters Patent Appeal (LPA 543 of2001 ), a Division H WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v.· 739 BHARAT COKING COAL LTD.[DR. D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.] Bench of the High Court by a judgment dated I 0 March 2003 modified A the Award by directing that as and when the management intended to appoint regular workmen, it shall give preference to the workmen in question, if necessary by relaxing conditions ofage and eligibility. The judgment of the High Court was challenged before this Court in Civil Appeal No. 3962 of2006 by the Union. By a judgment and order dated B18 November 2009 the Civil Appeal was allowed and the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored. In consequence the workmen were directed to be reinstated though without any backwages.

3. In the present case, the Award of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 was modified by a judgment dated 18 May 2004 of cthe High Court in CWJC 1654of1997. The Award was modified in the following terms:- " ... the impugned awards are modified to the extent that as and when Mis. B.C.C.L. intends to employ regular workmen, it shall give preference to these 88 plus 20 persons, if they D are otherwise found suitable by relaxing the conditions as to the works age appropriately taking into consideration their. age atthe time of their initial appointment and also by relaxing the condition regarding academic/technical qualification".

No appeal was filed against the impugned judgment of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 by the Union. However, on 22 August 2011 a E representation was submitted on behalf of the work.men to the management seeking employment for those governed by the Award dated 9 September 1996, as modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004. Eventually, a writ petition was filed before the High Court under Article 226 seeking a direction to the employer to furnish employment to 20 F workmen in terms of the order of the High Court dated 18 May 2004. The writ petition was dismissed by learned Single Judge on 21 March 2012 on the ground that execution of the Award of the Industrial Tribunal could not be sought by invoking the jurisdiction under Article226. In a Letters Patent Appeal, the Division Bench by a judgment dated 16 July 2012 affirmed the view of the learned Single Judge. The present G proceedings have been instituted to challenge the judgment of the Division Bench dated 16 July 2012. 4. During the pendency of these proceedings an effort was made to secure an amicable resolution of the dispute, which was unsuccessful. H 740 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016] 9 S.C.R.

A By an order dated 28 August 2015 the management was directed to dispose of the representation submitted on behalf of the workmen on 22 August 2011. Accordingly, a reasoned order was issued on 16 September 2015 by the Project Officer. The order notes that after the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was modified by the learned Single Judge on 18 May 2004, the workmen initiated a second round of litigation only in B 2011 by filing a representation on 22 August 2011 and thereafter instituting writ proceedings. The order rejecting the representation notes that the workmen had worked in 1987-1989 with a dummy contractor and nearly 26 years had elapsed since then. BCCL, it has been stated, was until recently a sick company under the BIFR and had not initiated any regular c process ofrecruitment after the order of the learned Single Judge dated 18 May 2004. However, it has been noted that the management would make a sincere endeavour to grant preference to the 14 workmen in case any fresh recruitment is made subject to age and physical requirements being met. D 5. Leave was granted in these proceedings on 27 November 2015.

6. The narration of facts indicates that the Award of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996 directed the management ofBCCL to regularise the workmen, but without backwages. The Award was, however, modified by the High Court on 18 May 2004. As a result, the management was only required in case it intended to employ regular E workmen, to give preference to the workmen in question by relaxing conditions as to age and eligibility. The order of the High Court was not challenged by the Union representing the workmen. Evidently, no challenge was raised to the modification of the Award by the High Court unlike in the case of Reference 204of1994. In that case, the Award of F the Industrial Tribunal was modified by a Division Bench of the High Court in a Letters Patent Appeal on 10 March 2003. The judgment of the Division Bench was challenged before this Court by the Union as a result of which, by a final judgment and order dated 18 November 2009, ·the Award of the Industrial Tribunal was restored and reinstatement was ordered without backwages. In the present case, however, the G fact remains that the order of the High Court dated 18 May 2004 was never £hallenged. 7. The basic grievance of the workmen is that as a result of the position which has ensued, the workmen governed by the present proceedings of whom only 14 are left in the fray, are virtually without -- - H WORKMEN RASTRIYA COLLIERY MAZDOOR SANGH v. 741 BHARAT COKING COAL LTD.(DR. D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.J

any relief or remedy in practical temis .. The workmen -:vere engaged A between 1987 and 1989. Nearly 27 years have elapsed sin~ethen. Many of the 14 workmen would be on the verge of attaining the age of retirement. There is no occasion at present to grant them reinstatement since in any event, such relief has been denied in the judgment of the High Court dated i 8 May 2004 \vhich has not been challenged. BHowever, the predicament of the workmen is real. Two sets of workmen in the same coEiery µpqe..r !he Sflme_ comp(lnY;~.a~rl~c.~ivt;d unequal i treatment. The present group of workmen has faced attntton m numbers and has been left with no practical relief. This siiuation should be remedied, to the extent that is now pennissible in law, having regard to the above background, In order to render full, final and complete justice; c we are of the· view that an order for the payment of compensation in final settlement of all the claims, dues and outstandings payab[e to the i 4 workmen in question would meet the ends of justice: ' i ~- -. 8. We. accordingiy direct that the Respondents shall deposiiw.iih the Central Government Tribunal (No.2) at Ohan bad an amou.nt.of Rs. D Two lakhs 'each towards conipensaiion payable to each one of the.' i.4 workmen. This ar~ount shall be in full and final satisfaction of all the claims, demaflds and outstandings. Upon deposit of the amount, the;\~itrd of the Industrial Tribunal dated 9 September 1996, as modifi~d by th~ High Court on 18 May _2004 shall· be marke.d assaffsfied, .The ERespondents shall deposit the amount as directed hereinabove; within a perioo of two months from today before the Central Government Industrial Tribunal (No.2) Dhai1bad in Reference 26of1993. The amount shall b~ disbursed to the workmen concerned subject to due verification of identity by the Ilidustrial Tribunal. · · · · · · F 9. The Civil Appeal shall stand allowed in the aboye terms. There shall be no order as to costs. · • ' '" · • · ' · ... · · · · .... i - ' •. -.1 t ·; ' . ,--~~P~a:r allowed.D1vYa Pandey ~~:::-'- ~ . . ·:·-·· ·:. "-........ ..

: ·-~ ,;,. - i''- . •:i. •• : : . ._ l',,. . . ·. ~ : . I . , . ;; ...• : 'i -·~-' -_, - ) , .. . ' .. ,_ .· • ·. ; o'. : i .- .,, . -, .. ' - _.. ~ ' .... .. ~-- -· ·.:_ '