[2015] 9 S.C.R. 970 A M/S. TECH INVEST INDIA (PVT.) LTD. THR. MAJOR SHAREHOLDER RAJIV GOSAIN v. M/S. ASSAM POWER & ELECTRICALS LTD. B AND OTHERS (Civil Appeal Nos. 6055-6056 of 2015) AUGUST 11, 2015 [M. Y. EQBAL AND ARUN MISHRA, JJ.] c Company law: Sale of assets of company - Public auction - Stay application by company on the ground that its assets were worth Rs. 7 crores and public auction was being held without fixing the minimum reserve price after issuing D auction sale notice only once - Company judge refused to interfere with the auction and directed the company to raise the objections at the time of confirmation of safe - In auction, respondent no.3 purchased assets for Rs. 45. 55 fakhs- High Court held that counsel representing shareholders of the, E company had no objections and confirmed the sale -Company's appeal dismissed on the ground that Counsel had not made any objections at the time of confirmation of safe - On appeal, held: Sale at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement or fixing any F reserve price for the assets cannot be sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the property put in auction is of much higher valuation -Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed G in the auction sale of the property, the entire process was vitiated.

Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD: 1. Prima facie, the objections raised by the H appellant were not properly considered inasmuch as the 970 TECH INVEST INDIA (P.) LTD. v. ASSAM POWER & 971 ELECTRICALS LTD. objections were not heard on merit and the auction sale A was confirmed. The Advocate, had made the said statement before the Company Court, however, he had never been engaged either by the shareholders.

Therefore, making statement by the Advocate that he has no instruction or waiving the disposal of objection on B merit, was without any basis which ought to have been considered by the High Court. The conduct of the Official Liquidator in selling the property at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement or fixing any reserve price for the assets cannot be C sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the property put in auction is of much higher valuation. Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed in the auction sale D of the property, the entire process was vitiated. Further, the Company Judge also failed to exercise its judicial discretion to see that the properties are sold at a reasonable price. Apart from that, when the valuation report was submitted before the Company Judge, it E ought to have disclosed the secured creditors and other interested persons in order to ascertain the market value of the property before property was auction sold. Since the same was not done, the auction sale and the order confirming the sale were liable to be set aside. F Consequently the Official Liquidator is directed to forthwith recover the possession of the properties and proceed with a fresh auction after obtaining the fresh valuation report and fixing the reserve bid. [Paras 14 to 18] [975-F-G, H; 976-A-E, F] G CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 6055-6056 of2015.

From the Judgment and Order dated 25.09.2012 of the H High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Review/Recall 972 .SUPREME COURT REPOR:rS [2015) 9 S.C.R. A Application No. 660 of 2012 in Company Appeal No. 01·of 2005. Priya Puri, Ranjay Kr. Dubey for the Appellant. M. C. Dhingra, Piyush Kant Roy, M. T. George, M. G. 8 Yogamaya, Pulak Raj Mullick, Tanuj Bagga Sharma, Sahil Mullick (for Rajinder Mathur), Ravindra Kumar, M. Shakeel, Subhash Chandra Jain for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by c M. Y. EQBAL, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. These appeals by special leave are directed against the judgments dated 25.09.2012 and 16.07.2012 of the High D Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital, which dismissed the appeal and review application filed by the appellant company challenging the order confirming the sale and handing over the assets of the appellant-company to the respondent. E 3. The facts of the case lie in a narrow compass. The respondent no. 1 had sent a statutory notice under Section 434 of the Companies Act, 1956 and filed a winding up petition against the appellant-company alleging that the appellant-company had taken a loan of Rs. 6 lakhs from respondent no. F 1 on 23'd March, 1999 and promised to repay it within 30 days with 18% interest. The appellant-company was alleged to have, however, initiated measures to shut down its operations and sell its assets and issued closure notices in May, 1999 without repaying the dues to the respondent. G

4. The Company Judge appointed an Official Liquidator on 14.10.1999 and the possession of the assets of the appellant-company was taken over by the Official Liquidator who was also granted permission to assess the valuation in H terms of order dated 23.02 .2000. The Official Liquidator filed TECH INVEST INDIA(P.)°lTD. v. '1ASSAMPOWER & 973 ELECTRICALS LTD. [M. Y. EQBAL, J.] an application for selling the assets of the appellant~company A through a public auction and it was allowed on 11.08.2003. The public auction was to be held on 29.09.2003. 5. The appellant-company filed an application to stay the auction on the ground that its assets worth Rs. 7 crores were B going to be auctioned without fixing the minimum reserile price and after issuing the auction sale notice only once. The appellant accordingly expressed apprehension about the highest price being secured. The Company Judge disposed of the application vide order dated 26.09.2003 refusing to C interfere with the auction and directed the appellant-company to raise the aforesaid objections at the time of confirmation of sale.

6. In the auction, respondent no. 3 purchased the assets o of the appellant-company for Rs. 45.55 lakhs and deposited 10% of the consideration. Vide order dated 28.05.2004, respondent no. 3 was directed to deposit the remaining amount after it was ncited that the counsel for the major shareholders in the appellant-company hi;id no objection. Noting that E respondent no. 3 had deposited the said amount as directed, the sale in favour of respondent no. 3 was confirmed and possession of the assets of the company was directed to be given vide order dated 30.06.2004. F 7. Rajiv Gosain, a shareholder in the appellant-company, filed an application for rejecting the auction sale and for re-auction. It was alleged that respondent no. 1 and the Official Liquidator had appointed S. K. Ahuja & Associates who had inspected the assets of the appellant-company and valued the G assets to be worth Rs. 6.25 crores. The same was said tp have been commupicated to the petitioner vide letter dated 15.05.2000 and it was in turn said to have been communicated by the appellant-company to the Official Liquidator vide letter dated 26.06.2003. The Official Liquidator was, however, H 974 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A alleged to have not informed the High Court of the valuation by S. K. Ahuja and Associates and consequently secured permission for valuation on 23.02.2000 pursuant to which the Official Liquidator was alleged to have illegally and with mala fide intention appointed an ineligible valuer, Mr. S. B. Bhargava, B to value the assets of the appellant-company. Mr. S. B. Bhargava was alleged to have drastically and illegally reduced the value of the assets of the appellant-company to Rs. 76.80 lakhs and his report was submitted to the High Court by the Official Liquidator. The same was alleged to have led to the C issuance of an erroneous auction notice which did not mention minimum reserve price and many other vital details and which notice only came to the knowledge of a very limited number of individuals. The auction was further challenged on the ground of procedural irregularity. 0 8. One Advocate Mr. Sharad Sharma appeared before the High Court on 13!04.2004 claiming to represent the shareholders of the appellant-company and the matter was listed for filing of objections by him and on 30.04.2004 one E last opportunity was given to him for filing of objections.

9. On 28.05:2004, the High Court, after noting that the counsel representing the shareholders of the appellant-company had no objections, directed respondent no. 3 to F deposit the remaining amount. On 30.06.2004, the High Court confirmed the sale in favour of respondent no. 3 and the assets of the appellant-company were directed to be given to respondent no. 3. G 10. The appellant-company filed an appeal to the [•!vision Bench of the High Court contending that its assets were worth much more than the price at which it was sold and that its objections were not considered at the time of confirmation of sale. The Division Bench dismissed the appeal vide judgment H dated 16.07.2012 on the ground that the counsel for the 975 TECHINVESTINDl~(P.)LTD. v. ASSAMPOWER& ELECTRICALS LTD. [M. Y. EQBAL, J.] appellant-company had not made any objections at the time A the sale was confirmed.

11. The appellant-company filed a review application alleging that the counsel who claimed to be representing the appellant-company before the Company Judge on 281h May, B 2004 was not engaged by them and hence there was an error on the face of judgment dated 16.07.2012 which had made recorded the same. The High Court, however, held that such a statement in the judgment dated 16.07.2012 was a mere repetition of what was stated in the order dated 28.05.2004 of C the Company Judge and hence an error, if any, was in the order dated 28.05.2004 which was appealed against by the appellant-company. The High Court held that the appeal filed by the appellant-company was dismissed mainly because the sale was confirmed in favour of respondent no. 3, possession D handed over and encumbrances created, before any steps were taken by the appellant-company. The High Court accordingly dismissed the review application vide judgment dated 25.09.2012. E 12. Hence, the present appeals. 13. We have heard learned counsel for the parties. We have also perused the entire facts of the case and the order passed by the High Court. F

14. Prima facie, it appears that the objections raised by the appellant were not properly considered inasmuch as the objections were not heard on merit and the auction sale was confirmed. Shri Sharad Sharma, Advocate, had made the G aforesaid statement before the Company Court on 28.5.2004, however, he had never been engaged either by Mr. Raj iv Gosa in or by any person authorized by him. Therefore, making statement by the Advocate that he has no instruction or waiving the disposal of objection on merit, was without any basis which H ought to have been considered by the High Court. 976 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A 15. Be that as it may, the conduct of the Official Liquidator in selling the property at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement pr fixing any reserve price for the assets cannot be sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the B property put in auction is of much higher valuation. 16. ·Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed in the auction sale of the property, the entire process is vitiated. Further we are of the view that the Company Judge C also failed to exercise its judicial discretion to see that the properties are sold at a reasonable price.

17. Apart from that, when the valuation report was submitted before the Company Judge, it ought to have been o disclosed the secured creditors and other interested persons in ocder to ascertain the market value of the property before property was auction sold. Since the same has not been done, the auction sale and the order confirming the sale are liable to be set aside. E 18. We, therefore, allow these appeals and set aside the judgment and order passed by the Company Judge and also the order passed by the High Court in appeal. Consequently the Official Liquidator is directed to forthwith F recover the possession of the properties and proceed with a fresh auction after obtaining the fresh valuation report and fixing the reserve bid. Needless to say that all further actions shall be taken in accordance with the procedure established by law. G Devika Gujral Appeals allowed.

[2015] 9 S.C.R. 970 A M/S. TECH INVEST INDIA (PVT.) LTD. THR. MAJOR SHAREHOLDER RAJIV GOSAIN v. M/S. ASSAM POWER & ELECTRICALS LTD. B AND OTHERS (Civil Appeal Nos. 6055-6056 of 2015) AUGUST 11, 2015 [M. Y. EQBAL AND ARUN MISHRA, JJ.] c Company law: Sale of assets of company - Public auction - Stay application by company on the ground that its assets were worth Rs. 7 crores and public auction was being held without fixing the minimum reserve price after issuing D auction sale notice only once - Company judge refused to interfere with the auction and directed the company to raise the objections at the time of confirmation of safe - In auction, respondent no.3 purchased assets for Rs. 45. 55 fakhs- High Court held that counsel representing shareholders of the, E company had no objections and confirmed the sale -Company's appeal dismissed on the ground that Counsel had not made any objections at the time of confirmation of safe - On appeal, held: Sale at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement or fixing any F reserve price for the assets cannot be sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the property put in auction is of much higher valuation -Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed G in the auction sale of the property, the entire process was vitiated.

Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD: 1. Prima facie, the objections raised by the H appellant were not properly considered inasmuch as the 970 TECH INVEST INDIA (P.) LTD. v. ASSAM POWER & 971 ELECTRICALS LTD. objections were not heard on merit and the auction sale A was confirmed. The Advocate, had made the said statement before the Company Court, however, he had never been engaged either by the shareholders.

Therefore, making statement by the Advocate that he has no instruction or waiving the disposal of objection on B merit, was without any basis which ought to have been considered by the High Court. The conduct of the Official Liquidator in selling the property at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement or fixing any reserve price for the assets cannot be C sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the property put in auction is of much higher valuation. Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed in the auction sale D of the property, the entire process was vitiated. Further, the Company Judge also failed to exercise its judicial discretion to see that the properties are sold at a reasonable price. Apart from that, when the valuation report was submitted before the Company Judge, it E ought to have disclosed the secured creditors and other interested persons in order to ascertain the market value of the property before property was auction sold. Since the same was not done, the auction sale and the order confirming the sale were liable to be set aside. F Consequently the Official Liquidator is directed to forthwith recover the possession of the properties and proceed with a fresh auction after obtaining the fresh valuation report and fixing the reserve bid. [Paras 14 to 18] [975-F-G, H; 976-A-E, F] G CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 6055-6056 of2015.

From the Judgment and Order dated 25.09.2012 of the H High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Review/Recall 972 .SUPREME COURT REPOR:rS [2015) 9 S.C.R. A Application No. 660 of 2012 in Company Appeal No. 01·of 2005. Priya Puri, Ranjay Kr. Dubey for the Appellant. M. C. Dhingra, Piyush Kant Roy, M. T. George, M. G. 8 Yogamaya, Pulak Raj Mullick, Tanuj Bagga Sharma, Sahil Mullick (for Rajinder Mathur), Ravindra Kumar, M. Shakeel, Subhash Chandra Jain for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by c M. Y. EQBAL, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. These appeals by special leave are directed against the judgments dated 25.09.2012 and 16.07.2012 of the High D Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital, which dismissed the appeal and review application filed by the appellant company challenging the order confirming the sale and handing over the assets of the appellant-company to the respondent. E 3. The facts of the case lie in a narrow compass. The respondent no. 1 had sent a statutory notice under Section 434 of the Companies Act, 1956 and filed a winding up petition against the appellant-company alleging that the appellant-company had taken a loan of Rs. 6 lakhs from respondent no. F 1 on 23'd March, 1999 and promised to repay it within 30 days with 18% interest. The appellant-company was alleged to have, however, initiated measures to shut down its operations and sell its assets and issued closure notices in May, 1999 without repaying the dues to the respondent. G

4. The Company Judge appointed an Official Liquidator on 14.10.1999 and the possession of the assets of the appellant-company was taken over by the Official Liquidator who was also granted permission to assess the valuation in H terms of order dated 23.02 .2000. The Official Liquidator filed TECH INVEST INDIA(P.)°lTD. v. '1ASSAMPOWER & 973 ELECTRICALS LTD. [M. Y. EQBAL, J.] an application for selling the assets of the appellant~company A through a public auction and it was allowed on 11.08.2003. The public auction was to be held on 29.09.2003. 5. The appellant-company filed an application to stay the auction on the ground that its assets worth Rs. 7 crores were B going to be auctioned without fixing the minimum reserile price and after issuing the auction sale notice only once. The appellant accordingly expressed apprehension about the highest price being secured. The Company Judge disposed of the application vide order dated 26.09.2003 refusing to C interfere with the auction and directed the appellant-company to raise the aforesaid objections at the time of confirmation of sale.

6. In the auction, respondent no. 3 purchased the assets o of the appellant-company for Rs. 45.55 lakhs and deposited 10% of the consideration. Vide order dated 28.05.2004, respondent no. 3 was directed to deposit the remaining amount after it was ncited that the counsel for the major shareholders in the appellant-company hi;id no objection. Noting that E respondent no. 3 had deposited the said amount as directed, the sale in favour of respondent no. 3 was confirmed and possession of the assets of the company was directed to be given vide order dated 30.06.2004. F 7. Rajiv Gosain, a shareholder in the appellant-company, filed an application for rejecting the auction sale and for re-auction. It was alleged that respondent no. 1 and the Official Liquidator had appointed S. K. Ahuja & Associates who had inspected the assets of the appellant-company and valued the G assets to be worth Rs. 6.25 crores. The same was said tp have been commupicated to the petitioner vide letter dated 15.05.2000 and it was in turn said to have been communicated by the appellant-company to the Official Liquidator vide letter dated 26.06.2003. The Official Liquidator was, however, H 974 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A alleged to have not informed the High Court of the valuation by S. K. Ahuja and Associates and consequently secured permission for valuation on 23.02.2000 pursuant to which the Official Liquidator was alleged to have illegally and with mala fide intention appointed an ineligible valuer, Mr. S. B. Bhargava, B to value the assets of the appellant-company. Mr. S. B. Bhargava was alleged to have drastically and illegally reduced the value of the assets of the appellant-company to Rs. 76.80 lakhs and his report was submitted to the High Court by the Official Liquidator. The same was alleged to have led to the C issuance of an erroneous auction notice which did not mention minimum reserve price and many other vital details and which notice only came to the knowledge of a very limited number of individuals. The auction was further challenged on the ground of procedural irregularity. 0 8. One Advocate Mr. Sharad Sharma appeared before the High Court on 13!04.2004 claiming to represent the shareholders of the appellant-company and the matter was listed for filing of objections by him and on 30.04.2004 one E last opportunity was given to him for filing of objections.

9. On 28.05:2004, the High Court, after noting that the counsel representing the shareholders of the appellant-company had no objections, directed respondent no. 3 to F deposit the remaining amount. On 30.06.2004, the High Court confirmed the sale in favour of respondent no. 3 and the assets of the appellant-company were directed to be given to respondent no. 3. G 10. The appellant-company filed an appeal to the [•!vision Bench of the High Court contending that its assets were worth much more than the price at which it was sold and that its objections were not considered at the time of confirmation of sale. The Division Bench dismissed the appeal vide judgment H dated 16.07.2012 on the ground that the counsel for the 975 TECHINVESTINDl~(P.)LTD. v. ASSAMPOWER& ELECTRICALS LTD. [M. Y. EQBAL, J.] appellant-company had not made any objections at the time A the sale was confirmed.

11. The appellant-company filed a review application alleging that the counsel who claimed to be representing the appellant-company before the Company Judge on 281h May, B 2004 was not engaged by them and hence there was an error on the face of judgment dated 16.07.2012 which had made recorded the same. The High Court, however, held that such a statement in the judgment dated 16.07.2012 was a mere repetition of what was stated in the order dated 28.05.2004 of C the Company Judge and hence an error, if any, was in the order dated 28.05.2004 which was appealed against by the appellant-company. The High Court held that the appeal filed by the appellant-company was dismissed mainly because the sale was confirmed in favour of respondent no. 3, possession D handed over and encumbrances created, before any steps were taken by the appellant-company. The High Court accordingly dismissed the review application vide judgment dated 25.09.2012. E 12. Hence, the present appeals. 13. We have heard learned counsel for the parties. We have also perused the entire facts of the case and the order passed by the High Court. F

14. Prima facie, it appears that the objections raised by the appellant were not properly considered inasmuch as the objections were not heard on merit and the auction sale was confirmed. Shri Sharad Sharma, Advocate, had made the G aforesaid statement before the Company Court on 28.5.2004, however, he had never been engaged either by Mr. Raj iv Gosa in or by any person authorized by him. Therefore, making statement by the Advocate that he has no instruction or waiving the disposal of objection on merit, was without any basis which H ought to have been considered by the High Court. 976 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A 15. Be that as it may, the conduct of the Official Liquidator in selling the property at a price of Rs. 45.45 lakhs without proper publicity through advertisement pr fixing any reserve price for the assets cannot be sustained in law, particularly, when the predecessor Official Liquidator reported that the B property put in auction is of much higher valuation. 16. ·Having considered the illegality and irregularity committed in the auction sale of the property, the entire process is vitiated. Further we are of the view that the Company Judge C also failed to exercise its judicial discretion to see that the properties are sold at a reasonable price.

17. Apart from that, when the valuation report was submitted before the Company Judge, it ought to have been o disclosed the secured creditors and other interested persons in ocder to ascertain the market value of the property before property was auction sold. Since the same has not been done, the auction sale and the order confirming the sale are liable to be set aside. E 18. We, therefore, allow these appeals and set aside the judgment and order passed by the Company Judge and also the order passed by the High Court in appeal. Consequently the Official Liquidator is directed to forthwith F recover the possession of the properties and proceed with a fresh auction after obtaining the fresh valuation report and fixing the reserve bid. Needless to say that all further actions shall be taken in accordance with the procedure established by law. G Devika Gujral Appeals allowed.