[2015] 5 S.C.R. 534 A D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA V. C.SUBASH B (Criminal Appeal No. 722 of2015) APRIL 27, 2015. [ANIL R. DAVE AND KURIAN JOSEPH, JJ.] c Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: ss.482, 197 -Quashing of proceedings - Summons issued against appellant-police official on the ground that appellant exceeded in exercising his power during investigation of a D criminal case and assaulted the respondent in order to extract some information with regard to death of one person and in that connection, detained the respondent in the police station for sometime - High Court refused to quash the criminal proceedings - Plea of appellant that magistrate could not E have taken cognizance of offence and issued summons to the appellant without sanction uls.197- Held: Going by the factual matrix, it is evident that the whole a/legation is on police excess in connection with the investigation of a criminal case - The said offensive conduct is reasonably connected with F the performance of the official duty of the appellant -Therefore, the Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the case without the previous sanction of the State Government - High Court missed this crucial point in the G impugned order- Impugned order by High Court is set aside as also the proceedings initiated by the Magistrate taking cognizance and issuing process to the appellant. Om Prakash and Ors. v. State of Jharkhand Through The Secretary, Department of Home, Ranchi and Anr.H 534

D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 535 (2012) 12 SCC 72: 2012 (9) SCR 125; State of Orissa A Through Kumar Raghvendra Singh and Ors. v. Ganesh Chandra Jew (2004) 8 SCC 40: 2004 (3) SCR 504 -relied on. Case Law Reference B 2012 (9) SCR 125 relied on. Para 6 2004 (3) SCR 504 relied on. Para 8 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal C Appeal No. 722 of2015 From the Judgment and Order dated 05.06.2013 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Petition No. 2057 of2009 D C. B. Gururaj (For B. Subrahmanya Prasad) for the Appellant. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E KURIAN, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. Appellant is the accused in a private complaint filed by the respondenVcomplainant before Civil Judge (Jr.Div) and JMFC at Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, on which the F learned Magistrate took cognizance, registered the case as C.C. No. 74/2009 and issued summons to the appellant. The case was registered under Sections 323, 324, 326, 341, 120, 114, 506 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) (hereinafter referred to as 'IPC'). G 3. The appellant moved the High Court under Section 482 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as 'CrPC'), which was declined by the impugned o~e~ H 536 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 5 S.C.R. A 4. The facts and reasons, as stated in the impugned order, read as follows:

"6. A perusal of the averments in the complaint, sworn statement of the complainant and his witnesses go to B show that the complainant was picked up from his garden land at about 10.00 a.m. on 6/6/2006 in the morning. Further averment reveals that this petitioner came to the police station later in the evening and detained him till

10.00 p.m. and also directed that he should not be let-c out till he reveals or confesses that he is involved in the murder of one Sannamma. These allegations in the complaint are further corroborated in the sworn statement of the complainant which is further fortified from the sworn statement of his two witnesses, namely, PWs. 2 and 3.D The Court at this stage is required to consider only the sworn statement of the complainant and his witnesses to come to a conclusion whether a prima facie case is made out for registering the case and issuing summons. It is not the stage for the Court to consider the defence ofE the accused as the same is well settled by the Apex Court as long as in the year 1976 in the case of Nagawwa Vs. V.S. Kojalgi reported in (1976) 3 SCC 736. In the present case, the allegation in the complaint, sworn statement of F the complainant and his two witnesses clearly make out the offences alleged against the petitioner and other accused. If according to the petitioner, it is a false and fictitious complaint, it is for him to bring those materials when the said case is set down for hearing before charge G before the learned Magistrate. It is too premature at this stage to consider the case of the petitioner while looking into the material whether the prima facie case is made out or not as alleged by the complainant. ... " H 5. The main contention of the appellant is that the D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 537 [KURIAN, J.]

learned Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the A alleged offence and issued process to the appellant without sanction from the State Government under Section 197 of CrPC, and that on that sole ground, the High Court should have quashed the proceedings. B 6. The question, whether sanction is necessary or not, may arise on any stage of the proceedings, and in a given case, it may arise at the stage of inception as held by this Court in Om Prakash and others v. State of Jharkhand Through The Secretary, Department of Home, Ranchi 1 C and another1. To quote:

"41. The upshot of this discussion is that whether sanction is necessary or not has to be decided from stage to stage. This question may arise at any stage of the D proceeding. In a given case, it may arise at the inception. There may be unassailable and unimpeachable circumstances on record which may establish at the outset that the police officer or public servant was acting in E performance of his official duty and is entitled to protection given under Section 197 of the Code. It is not possible for us to hold that in such a case, the court cannot look into any documents produced by the accused or the public servant concerned at the inception. The nature of F the complaint may have to be kept in mind. It must be remembered that previous sanction is a precondition for taking cognizance of the offence and, therefore, there is no requirement that the accused must wait till the charges are framed to raise this plea .... " G 7. In the case before us, the allegation is that the appellant exceeded in exercising his power during investigation of a criminal case and assaulted the respondent , c2012) 12 sec 72 H 538 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 5 S.C.R.

A in order to extract some information with regard to the death of one Sannamma, and in that connection, the respondent was detained in the police station for some time. Therefore, the alleged conduct has an essential connection with the discharge of the official duty. Under Section 197 of CrPC, in case, the B Government servant accused of an offence, which is alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in discharge of his official duty, the previous sanction is necessary.

C 8. The issue of 'police excess' during investigation and requirement of sanction for prosecution in that regard, was also the subject matter of State of Orissa Through Kumar Raghvendra Singh and others v. Ganesh Chandra Jew2, wherein, at paragraph-?, it has been held as follows:0 "7. The protection given under Section 197 is to protect responsible public servants against the institution of possibly vexatious criminal proceedings for offences alleged to have been committed by them while they are E acting or purporting to act as public servants. The policy of the legislature is to afford adequate protection to public seryarfts to ensure that they are not prosecuted for -a'nything done by them in the discharge of their official duties without reasonable cause, and if sanction isF granted, to confer on the Government, if they choose to exercise it, complete control of the prosecution. This protection has certain limits and is available only when the alleged act done by the public servant is reasonably G connected with the discharge of his official duty and is not merely a cloak for doing the objectionable act. If in doing his official duty, he acted in excess of his duty, but there is a reasonable connection between the act and the performance of the official duty, the excess will not H 2 (2004) s sec 40 D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 539 [KURIAN, J.]

be a sufficient ground to deprive the public servant of the A protection. The question is not as to the nature of the offence such as whether the alleged offence contained an element necessarily dependent upon the offender being a public servant, but whether it was committed by B a public .servant acting or purporting to act as such in the discharge of his official capacity. Before Section 197 can be invoked, it must be shown that the official concerned was accused of an offence alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in the c discharge of his official duties. It is not the duty which requires examination so much as the act, because the official act can be performed both in the discharge of the official duty as well as in dereliction of it. The act must fall within the scope and range of the official duties of the D public servant concerned. It is the quality of the act which is important and the protection of this section is available if the act falls within the scope and range of his official duty.... " E (Emphasis supplied) 9. In Om Prakash (supra), this Court, after referring to various decisions, particularly pertaining to the police excess, summed-up the guidelines at paragraph-32, which reads as F follows:

"32. The true test as to whether a public servant was acting or purporting to act in discharge of his duties would be whether the act complained of was directly connected G with his official duties or it was done in the discharge of his official duties or it was so integrally connected with or attached 'to his office as to be inseparable from it (K. Satwant Singh). The protection given under Section 197 of the Code has certain limits and is available only when H 540 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 5 S.C.R. A the alleged act done by the public servant is reasonably connected with the discharge of his official duty and is not merely a cloak for doing the objectionable act. If in doing his official duty, he acted in excess of his duty, but there is a reasonable connection between the act and B the performance of the official duty, the excess will not be a sufficient ground to deprive the public servant of the protection (Ganesh Chandra Jew). If the above tests are applied to the facts of the present case, the police must c get protection given under Section 197 of the Code because the acts complained of are so integrally connected with or attached to their office as to be inseparable from it. It is not possible for us to come to a conclusion that the protection granted under Section 197 of the Code is used by the police personnel in this caseD as a cloak for killing the deceased in cold blood." (Emphasis supplied)

10. In our view, the above guidelines squarely apply in E the case of the appellant herein. Going by the factual matrix, it is evident that the whole allegation is on police excess in connection with the investigation of a criminal case. The said offensive conduct is reasonably connected with the F performance of the official duty of the appellant. Therefore, the learned Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the case without the previous sanction of the State Government. The High Court missed this crucial point in the impugned order. G 11. The appeal is hence allowed. The impugned order by the High Court is set aside, so also, the proceedings initiated by the Civil Judge (Jr.Div) and JMFC at Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka in C.C. No. 74/2009 taking cognizance and issuing process to the appellant. It is made H clear that our judgment is only on the issue of sanction and we D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 541 [KURIAN, J.] have not considered the matter on merits and that this judgment A shall not stand in the way of respondent approaching the State Government for sanction under Section 197 of CrPC. In case such sanction is obtained and the same is produced before the learned Magistrate, the Magistrate may proceed further in the case in accordance with the law. B Devika Gujral Appeal allowed. c

[2015] 5 S.C.R. 534 A D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA V. C.SUBASH B (Criminal Appeal No. 722 of2015) APRIL 27, 2015. [ANIL R. DAVE AND KURIAN JOSEPH, JJ.] c Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: ss.482, 197 -Quashing of proceedings - Summons issued against appellant-police official on the ground that appellant exceeded in exercising his power during investigation of a D criminal case and assaulted the respondent in order to extract some information with regard to death of one person and in that connection, detained the respondent in the police station for sometime - High Court refused to quash the criminal proceedings - Plea of appellant that magistrate could not E have taken cognizance of offence and issued summons to the appellant without sanction uls.197- Held: Going by the factual matrix, it is evident that the whole a/legation is on police excess in connection with the investigation of a criminal case - The said offensive conduct is reasonably connected with F the performance of the official duty of the appellant -Therefore, the Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the case without the previous sanction of the State Government - High Court missed this crucial point in the G impugned order- Impugned order by High Court is set aside as also the proceedings initiated by the Magistrate taking cognizance and issuing process to the appellant. Om Prakash and Ors. v. State of Jharkhand Through The Secretary, Department of Home, Ranchi and Anr.H 534

D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 535 (2012) 12 SCC 72: 2012 (9) SCR 125; State of Orissa A Through Kumar Raghvendra Singh and Ors. v. Ganesh Chandra Jew (2004) 8 SCC 40: 2004 (3) SCR 504 -relied on. Case Law Reference B 2012 (9) SCR 125 relied on. Para 6 2004 (3) SCR 504 relied on. Para 8 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal C Appeal No. 722 of2015 From the Judgment and Order dated 05.06.2013 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Petition No. 2057 of2009 D C. B. Gururaj (For B. Subrahmanya Prasad) for the Appellant. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E KURIAN, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. Appellant is the accused in a private complaint filed by the respondenVcomplainant before Civil Judge (Jr.Div) and JMFC at Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, on which the F learned Magistrate took cognizance, registered the case as C.C. No. 74/2009 and issued summons to the appellant. The case was registered under Sections 323, 324, 326, 341, 120, 114, 506 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) (hereinafter referred to as 'IPC'). G 3. The appellant moved the High Court under Section 482 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as 'CrPC'), which was declined by the impugned o~e~ H 536 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 5 S.C.R. A 4. The facts and reasons, as stated in the impugned order, read as follows:

"6. A perusal of the averments in the complaint, sworn statement of the complainant and his witnesses go to B show that the complainant was picked up from his garden land at about 10.00 a.m. on 6/6/2006 in the morning. Further averment reveals that this petitioner came to the police station later in the evening and detained him till

10.00 p.m. and also directed that he should not be let-c out till he reveals or confesses that he is involved in the murder of one Sannamma. These allegations in the complaint are further corroborated in the sworn statement of the complainant which is further fortified from the sworn statement of his two witnesses, namely, PWs. 2 and 3.D The Court at this stage is required to consider only the sworn statement of the complainant and his witnesses to come to a conclusion whether a prima facie case is made out for registering the case and issuing summons. It is not the stage for the Court to consider the defence ofE the accused as the same is well settled by the Apex Court as long as in the year 1976 in the case of Nagawwa Vs. V.S. Kojalgi reported in (1976) 3 SCC 736. In the present case, the allegation in the complaint, sworn statement of F the complainant and his two witnesses clearly make out the offences alleged against the petitioner and other accused. If according to the petitioner, it is a false and fictitious complaint, it is for him to bring those materials when the said case is set down for hearing before charge G before the learned Magistrate. It is too premature at this stage to consider the case of the petitioner while looking into the material whether the prima facie case is made out or not as alleged by the complainant. ... " H 5. The main contention of the appellant is that the D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 537 [KURIAN, J.]

learned Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the A alleged offence and issued process to the appellant without sanction from the State Government under Section 197 of CrPC, and that on that sole ground, the High Court should have quashed the proceedings. B 6. The question, whether sanction is necessary or not, may arise on any stage of the proceedings, and in a given case, it may arise at the stage of inception as held by this Court in Om Prakash and others v. State of Jharkhand Through The Secretary, Department of Home, Ranchi 1 C and another1. To quote:

"41. The upshot of this discussion is that whether sanction is necessary or not has to be decided from stage to stage. This question may arise at any stage of the D proceeding. In a given case, it may arise at the inception. There may be unassailable and unimpeachable circumstances on record which may establish at the outset that the police officer or public servant was acting in E performance of his official duty and is entitled to protection given under Section 197 of the Code. It is not possible for us to hold that in such a case, the court cannot look into any documents produced by the accused or the public servant concerned at the inception. The nature of F the complaint may have to be kept in mind. It must be remembered that previous sanction is a precondition for taking cognizance of the offence and, therefore, there is no requirement that the accused must wait till the charges are framed to raise this plea .... " G 7. In the case before us, the allegation is that the appellant exceeded in exercising his power during investigation of a criminal case and assaulted the respondent , c2012) 12 sec 72 H 538 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 5 S.C.R.

A in order to extract some information with regard to the death of one Sannamma, and in that connection, the respondent was detained in the police station for some time. Therefore, the alleged conduct has an essential connection with the discharge of the official duty. Under Section 197 of CrPC, in case, the B Government servant accused of an offence, which is alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in discharge of his official duty, the previous sanction is necessary.

C 8. The issue of 'police excess' during investigation and requirement of sanction for prosecution in that regard, was also the subject matter of State of Orissa Through Kumar Raghvendra Singh and others v. Ganesh Chandra Jew2, wherein, at paragraph-?, it has been held as follows:0 "7. The protection given under Section 197 is to protect responsible public servants against the institution of possibly vexatious criminal proceedings for offences alleged to have been committed by them while they are E acting or purporting to act as public servants. The policy of the legislature is to afford adequate protection to public seryarfts to ensure that they are not prosecuted for -a'nything done by them in the discharge of their official duties without reasonable cause, and if sanction isF granted, to confer on the Government, if they choose to exercise it, complete control of the prosecution. This protection has certain limits and is available only when the alleged act done by the public servant is reasonably G connected with the discharge of his official duty and is not merely a cloak for doing the objectionable act. If in doing his official duty, he acted in excess of his duty, but there is a reasonable connection between the act and the performance of the official duty, the excess will not H 2 (2004) s sec 40 D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 539 [KURIAN, J.]

be a sufficient ground to deprive the public servant of the A protection. The question is not as to the nature of the offence such as whether the alleged offence contained an element necessarily dependent upon the offender being a public servant, but whether it was committed by B a public .servant acting or purporting to act as such in the discharge of his official capacity. Before Section 197 can be invoked, it must be shown that the official concerned was accused of an offence alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in the c discharge of his official duties. It is not the duty which requires examination so much as the act, because the official act can be performed both in the discharge of the official duty as well as in dereliction of it. The act must fall within the scope and range of the official duties of the D public servant concerned. It is the quality of the act which is important and the protection of this section is available if the act falls within the scope and range of his official duty.... " E (Emphasis supplied) 9. In Om Prakash (supra), this Court, after referring to various decisions, particularly pertaining to the police excess, summed-up the guidelines at paragraph-32, which reads as F follows:

"32. The true test as to whether a public servant was acting or purporting to act in discharge of his duties would be whether the act complained of was directly connected G with his official duties or it was done in the discharge of his official duties or it was so integrally connected with or attached 'to his office as to be inseparable from it (K. Satwant Singh). The protection given under Section 197 of the Code has certain limits and is available only when H 540 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 5 S.C.R. A the alleged act done by the public servant is reasonably connected with the discharge of his official duty and is not merely a cloak for doing the objectionable act. If in doing his official duty, he acted in excess of his duty, but there is a reasonable connection between the act and B the performance of the official duty, the excess will not be a sufficient ground to deprive the public servant of the protection (Ganesh Chandra Jew). If the above tests are applied to the facts of the present case, the police must c get protection given under Section 197 of the Code because the acts complained of are so integrally connected with or attached to their office as to be inseparable from it. It is not possible for us to come to a conclusion that the protection granted under Section 197 of the Code is used by the police personnel in this caseD as a cloak for killing the deceased in cold blood." (Emphasis supplied)

10. In our view, the above guidelines squarely apply in E the case of the appellant herein. Going by the factual matrix, it is evident that the whole allegation is on police excess in connection with the investigation of a criminal case. The said offensive conduct is reasonably connected with the F performance of the official duty of the appellant. Therefore, the learned Magistrate could not have taken cognizance of the case without the previous sanction of the State Government. The High Court missed this crucial point in the impugned order. G 11. The appeal is hence allowed. The impugned order by the High Court is set aside, so also, the proceedings initiated by the Civil Judge (Jr.Div) and JMFC at Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka in C.C. No. 74/2009 taking cognizance and issuing process to the appellant. It is made H clear that our judgment is only on the issue of sanction and we D. T. VIRUPAKSHAPPA v. C. SUBASH 541 [KURIAN, J.] have not considered the matter on merits and that this judgment A shall not stand in the way of respondent approaching the State Government for sanction under Section 197 of CrPC. In case such sanction is obtained and the same is produced before the learned Magistrate, the Magistrate may proceed further in the case in accordance with the law. B Devika Gujral Appeal allowed. c