[2015] 11 S.C.R. 1034 A STATE OF KERALA & ORS. ETC. ETC. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. ETC. ETC. B (Civil Appeal Nos. 8459-8461 of 201 0) JANUARY 14, 2015. [V. GOPALA GOWDA AND R. BANUMATHI, JJ.] C Education I Educational Institutions - Private. educational institutions and managements - Payment of salary to teachers appointed in the newly commenced courses - Direct Payment System evolved by State Government whereby it decided to introduce a scheme of0 direct payment of salaries to teaching and non-teaching staff of private colleges, the management of which agreed to Government control in the matter of appointment of teaching & non-teaching staff, and in the admission of students - 81h E respondent-management executed and agreed to the same - Vide Government Order, sanction was accorded for starting new courses subject to the condition that there will be no additional financial commitment on the part of Government

- Sanction of new courses led to the increase of work load F and the services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 utilised by the Bth respondent-management - Resppndent nos. 1 to 7 appointed against sanctioned posts of teachers - Proposal forwarded by Bth respondent-management for approval of the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 rejected- Writ petition G - High· Court held that the conditions relied on by the Government were violative of the provisions contained in the Direct payment agreement and directed the State to pay salary and allowances to the teachers appointed by the private managements in the newly commenced courses -H 1034 STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1035 Justification - Held: Justified- No case of the Government A that 81h respondent- management violated the terms of the Direct Payment Agreement- For many years1 services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 were utilized for imparting instruction1 invigi/ation and other duties- When respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee1 no B reason as to why respondent nos. 1 to 7 should be denied the payment of salary- It was oblig_atory for the Government to honour these appointments and pay the salary. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. C 8459-8461 of 2010 From the Judgment and Order dated 07.10.2009 of the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in R.P. Nos. 101 and 180 of 2008 and W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 o With ·

Civil Appeal Nos. 8463-8464,8466, 8470, 8471-8472, 8473,8474,8475,8476,8477,8478,8479,8480,8481-8482 and 8483 of 2010 E Civil Appeal Nos. 1368, 10865, 10867-10868 and 10869 of 2011 Civil Appeal No. 1552 of 2012 F Civil Appeal No. 8893-8894 of2014 Civil Appeal Nos. 1202.;1203 of2015 C. S. Rajan, Mathai M. Paikaday, Babu Varghese, K. L. G Varghese, Jogy Scaria, Bina Madhavan, P. V. Dinesh, P. 1. Jose, Alok K. Prasad, Vishwanath Bahuguna, James P. Thomas; Rohit Kumar Singh, V. J. Francis, Anupam Mishra, Simanta Kumar, M.P. Vinod, Jose Abraham, E. M. S.Anam, Dheeraj Nair, Haris Beeran, Mushtaq Salim, Radha Shyam H 1036 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R. A Jena, M/s. T. T. K. Deepak & Co., K. Rajeev, Dr. K. P. Kylasanatha Pillay, A. Venayagam Balao, Ranjith K. C., Lakshmi Raman Singh, Harshad V. Hameed, Difeep Poollakkot, Sajith P., B. N. Dubey for the Appearing Parties. B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by R. BANUMATHI, J. 1. Leave granted in Special Leave Petition (C) Nos. 29423-29424 of 2010. 2. State of Kerala has filed these_ appeals assailing the C order passed by the High Court allowing various review petitions filed by the respondents and declaring that the conditions relied on by the Government are violative of the provisions contained in Direct Payment Agreement and the University Statutes and directing the State to pay salary and 0 allowances to the teachers who were appointed by the Private Managements in the newly commenced courses.

3. The issue arising in these appeals being similar, the cases were heard together and shall stand disposed of by E this common order. For convenience, the appeals filed by State · of Kerala and others in C.A. Nos. 8459-8461 of 2010 challenging the order dated 07.10.2009 in R.P. Nos. 101 & 180 of 2008 and W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 are taken as lead F case. 4. Briefly stated the background facts are as under:-The State of Kerala accorded sanction on 09. 11.1998 to the private educational institutions and managements for G starting few new courses subject to the condition that there should be no additional financial commitment on the part of the State on that account. The Sth respondent-management ·applied to the Mahatama Gandhi University and the university vide an order dated 13.11.1998 granted permission to start H

STATE OF KERALA & ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1037 new degree/graduate and post-graduate courses w.e.f. th.e A academic ·session 1~98-99 without any additional financial commitment to the University/Government. The managements for various aid_ed colleges including the 8th respondent -management applied ·tor affiliation of new courses. The Government issued an order dated 06.12.1999 according B sanction for starting the new courses as mentioned in· the appendix to the Government order subject to the condition that · the expenditure will not exceed the budget allotment for.the purpose of any account. Respondent Nos. 1 to 7 who were appointed by the 8th respondent-management to the various. C new courses sanctioned by the Government, the management forwarded the proposal for approval of their appointment to the university; but the same was rejected on 31 ..05.2002. In the year 2003, staff fixation order was issued to the Secretary 0of 8th respondent- management on 10.12.2003 for the years 2001-02 and 2002-03. 5. Being aggrieved by the non-approval of the appointment of respo~dent nos. 1 to 8, respondents preferred Writ Petition (c) No. 482 of 2005 seeking a writ of mandamus E,.. and also to quash the staff fixation orders. Vide a judgment dated 12.08.2005, learned Single Judge allowed the writ petition holding that the Government is liable to pay the salary and other allowances to the teachers appointed to the new F courses by the managements.

6. Aggrieved by the said order, State of Kerala preferred an appeal bearing W.A. NO. 2529 of2005.1n the meantime, many writ petitions were file~ on similar grounds. By the common judgment dated 18.08.2007, Division Bench allowed G · the appeal filed by the State of Kerala and dismissed the other writ petitions. O"ivision Bench held that the State can always. impose conditions while according sanction and the condition so imposed, that the new appointments are without any H 1038 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R. A additional financial commitment to the State, is perfectly legal and valid and the private college managements are bound by it.

7. Aggrieved by the same, various review petitions were B preferred by the respondents and also other private college managements contending that the said judgment dated 18.08.2007 was rendered without adverting to the provisions of the University Act, the Statutes, the Direct Payment Agreement and various judgments of the Apex Court as also C that of the High Court. Vide a common order dated 7.8.2009, the Division Bench allowed the review petitions holding that the conclusion of the Division Bench in W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 (dated 18.08.2007) that Direct Payment Agreement do not apply to courses subsequently commenced, is directly contrary D to Clause 35 of the Agreement. While allowing the review petitions, the Court directed the State to pay salary and allowances to the teachers who were appointed by the private managements in the newly commenced courses. Being aggrieved, the state has filed these appeals assailing the said .E order.

8. Mr. C.S. Rajan, learned senior counsel for the appellants contended that Government should not be compelled to bear the salary and expenses of those teachers F who were appointed by the private managements, as private managements got the approval of the new courses subject to the condition that there wil,l be no additional financial commitment. Further, learned senior counsel for the State submitted that the private colleges, after accepting the G conditions in the Government Orders that there will be no additional financial commitment, are estopped from contending the contrary and the University has rightly rejected the approval of the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 for H want of posts/strength fixed for the academic year. STATE OF KERAlA&ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1039 [R. BANUMATHI, J.J

9. Per contra, Mr. Babu Varghese, learned senior counsel A appearing for respondent no. 8 submitted that in the guise of imposing restriction of financial commitment the Government i.s violating the statutory provisions as well as the clauses in. the Articles of Direct Payment Agreement. It was further contended that they have fully discharged their obligation in B terms of the provisions of Direct Payment Agreement, in terms of admission of students, collection of fees, reservation of seats as prescribed by Government and remitted the same in the Government treasury and, therefore, the State is also obliged to perform its mutual obligation under the Articles of C Direct Payment Agreement. It was also submitted that the documents obtained under the provisions of Right to Information Act ~hich are annexed would clearly show that there had been budget allocation for sanctioning aided courses 0and some of the teachers appointed in the new courses were paid the salary. 10. Mr. Mathai M. Paikeday, learned senior counsel for respondent nos. 1 to 7 reiterated the above submissions and additionally submitted that the Government is bound to pay E the salaries of the teachers as both the selection of respondent nos. 1 to 7 and their appointment were in accordance with the provisions of the University Laws and Articles of the Direct Payment Agreement. F t1. We have also heard the learned counsel for all other respondents who are represented before us in other connected matters.

12. We have carefully considered the rival contentions G and perused the impugned order and other materials on record. The main point falling for con.sideration is in respect of newly commenced courses for which affiliation was granted . whether the State Government is bound to pay the salary to the teachers for the relevant period? H 1040 . SUPREMECOURTREPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R.

A 13. Direct Payment System was evolved by the State Government vide GOMS No. 185/72/Edn. dated 30.08.1972 for all the private Arts and Science colleges. Under the Direct Payment Agreement, Government decided to introduce a scheme of direct payment of salaries to the teaching and non-S teaching staff of private colleges, the management of which agree to Government control in the matter of appointment of the teaching and non-teaching staff and in the admission of students. The control would be in the form of laying down general principles to be followed and by participation of C representative of the Government and the Universities in the selection and appointment of staff and in the admission of students. Thus, a scheme for direct payment of salaries in private Arts and Science colleges in con$ultation with the Universities, the representatives of the private college 0 managements and the teaching and non-teaching staff representatives of the private colleges have been evolved. The Bth respondent- management executed and agreed to the same and is said to have complied with all the rules of the E agreement. 14. Vide Government Order No. GOMS 134/98/H.Edn.

dated 09.11.1998 sanction was accorded for starting new courses subject to the condition that there will be no additional F financial commitment on the part of Government. Pursuant to the same, Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University vide an order dated 13.11.1998 sanctioned the affiliation of ttfe new courses in the private colleges from the Academic Year 1998-99 subject to ratification by the Syndicate and without any G additional financial commitment. Vide order dated 06.12.1999, Government granted approval for new courses subject to stipulation that the expenditure wiU not exceed the budget allotted for this purpose and University also approved the same vide an order dated 10.12.1999 subject to the same H conditions as stipulated in the order dated 13.11.1998. STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v.. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. . 1041 [R. BANUMATHI, J.] 15. It appears that new courses so sanctioned led to the A increase of work load. So the private college managements acting in consonance with the provisions of the University Statutes and Direct Payment Agreement constituted Statutory Selection Committee, the Committee comprised of both the representatives of the Government and the University. It is B stated that respondent nos. 1 to 7 were also appointed by the said Statutory Selection Committee. Respondent Nos.1 to 4, 6 and 7 were appointed on 01.07.2002and respondent no. 5 on 07.01.2002. c

16. Learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent nos: 1 to 7 has urged that GOMS No. 134/98/H/Edn. dated. 09.11.1998 and GOMS No. 162/99/H7Edn. were issued only to accom~odate the lecturers who were rendered surplus due to de-linking of pre-degree courses from the colleges and the D same fact is evident from annexure R1/3. It is stated that due to de-linking of pre-degree. courses, Pre-degree Courses (Abolition) Act, 19.97 was passed and as per Section 5 of the Act, a statutory ban was imposed on appointments for a period of three years commencing from 03.06.1997 to 02.06.2000. E However, after the expiry of the period, the State has not fixed staff pattern. Hence, respondent no. 8 and Kerala Private College Management Association and other private colleges approached the High Court by OP No. 21268 of 2002 which F was disposed of directing the university to fix the staff stre~gt~ in the. respondents' colleges and to consider the representations of the private colleges in accordance with the· Statutes and Ordinances. As the University did not comply · with the order, contempt proceedings were initiated against G the University and it has later approved certain appointments; but rejected the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 due to want of vacancy and also due to the fact that the courses were sanctioned without any financial commitment on the part of the Governmenf Appointments of respondent nos. 1 to 7 H 1042 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R.

A were thus not approved and, hence, they were not getting salary. 17. Although, initially approval was not granted for the appointments of respondent nos. 1 to 7, the University granted B approval to these appointments vide its order No. AC.B1/1/ 3169/05 dated 29.10.2005. As noticed earlier, sanction of new courses led to the increase of work load and the services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 were utilised by the 81h respondent-management. The courses are purely aided courses and C therefore, the provisions of Direct Payment Agreement-are ~ndoutedly applicable. The State administration cannot shirk its responsibility of ensuring proper and quality education In Schools and Colleges on the plea of lack of resources. In the facts and circumstances of the case tn hand, we do not deem D it necessary to consider this question in further detail.

18. It is also to be noted that by perusal of the records viz. Annexures R8/14, 15, 16, 17 & 18, it is evident that respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed only against E sanctioned posts. It is not the case of the Government that 8th respondent - management violated the terms of the Direct Payment Agreement. For many years i.e. from 2002, services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 have been utilized for imparting instruction, invigilation and other duties. By perusal of the F information obtained under Right to Information Act that the Government has paid_salaries and emoluments to some of the lecturers appointed in other private colleges. When the respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee, we find no reason as to why respondent G nos. 1 to 7 should be denied the payment of salary. When respondent nos. 1 to 7 have been appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee, it becomes obligatory for _the Government to honour these appointments and pay the salary. H STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1043 [R. BANUMATHI, J.) 19. In our considered view, the learned Single Judge of A the High Court and the Division Bench in review petitions rig~tly held that respondent nos·. ~ to 7 are entitled to the payment of salary for the relevant period and we find no reason to interfere with the same. B 20. In the result, these appeals are dismissed and consequently, the other connected appeals stand dismissed. Bibhuti Shushan Bose Appeals dismissed. I

[2015] 11 S.C.R. 1034 A STATE OF KERALA & ORS. ETC. ETC. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. ETC. ETC. B (Civil Appeal Nos. 8459-8461 of 201 0) JANUARY 14, 2015. [V. GOPALA GOWDA AND R. BANUMATHI, JJ.] C Education I Educational Institutions - Private. educational institutions and managements - Payment of salary to teachers appointed in the newly commenced courses - Direct Payment System evolved by State Government whereby it decided to introduce a scheme of0 direct payment of salaries to teaching and non-teaching staff of private colleges, the management of which agreed to Government control in the matter of appointment of teaching & non-teaching staff, and in the admission of students - 81h E respondent-management executed and agreed to the same - Vide Government Order, sanction was accorded for starting new courses subject to the condition that there will be no additional financial commitment on the part of Government

- Sanction of new courses led to the increase of work load F and the services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 utilised by the Bth respondent-management - Resppndent nos. 1 to 7 appointed against sanctioned posts of teachers - Proposal forwarded by Bth respondent-management for approval of the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 rejected- Writ petition G - High· Court held that the conditions relied on by the Government were violative of the provisions contained in the Direct payment agreement and directed the State to pay salary and allowances to the teachers appointed by the private managements in the newly commenced courses -H 1034 STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1035 Justification - Held: Justified- No case of the Government A that 81h respondent- management violated the terms of the Direct Payment Agreement- For many years1 services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 were utilized for imparting instruction1 invigi/ation and other duties- When respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee1 no B reason as to why respondent nos. 1 to 7 should be denied the payment of salary- It was oblig_atory for the Government to honour these appointments and pay the salary. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. C 8459-8461 of 2010 From the Judgment and Order dated 07.10.2009 of the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in R.P. Nos. 101 and 180 of 2008 and W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 o With ·

Civil Appeal Nos. 8463-8464,8466, 8470, 8471-8472, 8473,8474,8475,8476,8477,8478,8479,8480,8481-8482 and 8483 of 2010 E Civil Appeal Nos. 1368, 10865, 10867-10868 and 10869 of 2011 Civil Appeal No. 1552 of 2012 F Civil Appeal No. 8893-8894 of2014 Civil Appeal Nos. 1202.;1203 of2015 C. S. Rajan, Mathai M. Paikaday, Babu Varghese, K. L. G Varghese, Jogy Scaria, Bina Madhavan, P. V. Dinesh, P. 1. Jose, Alok K. Prasad, Vishwanath Bahuguna, James P. Thomas; Rohit Kumar Singh, V. J. Francis, Anupam Mishra, Simanta Kumar, M.P. Vinod, Jose Abraham, E. M. S.Anam, Dheeraj Nair, Haris Beeran, Mushtaq Salim, Radha Shyam H 1036 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R. A Jena, M/s. T. T. K. Deepak & Co., K. Rajeev, Dr. K. P. Kylasanatha Pillay, A. Venayagam Balao, Ranjith K. C., Lakshmi Raman Singh, Harshad V. Hameed, Difeep Poollakkot, Sajith P., B. N. Dubey for the Appearing Parties. B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by R. BANUMATHI, J. 1. Leave granted in Special Leave Petition (C) Nos. 29423-29424 of 2010. 2. State of Kerala has filed these_ appeals assailing the C order passed by the High Court allowing various review petitions filed by the respondents and declaring that the conditions relied on by the Government are violative of the provisions contained in Direct Payment Agreement and the University Statutes and directing the State to pay salary and 0 allowances to the teachers who were appointed by the Private Managements in the newly commenced courses.

3. The issue arising in these appeals being similar, the cases were heard together and shall stand disposed of by E this common order. For convenience, the appeals filed by State · of Kerala and others in C.A. Nos. 8459-8461 of 2010 challenging the order dated 07.10.2009 in R.P. Nos. 101 & 180 of 2008 and W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 are taken as lead F case. 4. Briefly stated the background facts are as under:-The State of Kerala accorded sanction on 09. 11.1998 to the private educational institutions and managements for G starting few new courses subject to the condition that there should be no additional financial commitment on the part of the State on that account. The Sth respondent-management ·applied to the Mahatama Gandhi University and the university vide an order dated 13.11.1998 granted permission to start H

STATE OF KERALA & ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1037 new degree/graduate and post-graduate courses w.e.f. th.e A academic ·session 1~98-99 without any additional financial commitment to the University/Government. The managements for various aid_ed colleges including the 8th respondent -management applied ·tor affiliation of new courses. The Government issued an order dated 06.12.1999 according B sanction for starting the new courses as mentioned in· the appendix to the Government order subject to the condition that · the expenditure will not exceed the budget allotment for.the purpose of any account. Respondent Nos. 1 to 7 who were appointed by the 8th respondent-management to the various. C new courses sanctioned by the Government, the management forwarded the proposal for approval of their appointment to the university; but the same was rejected on 31 ..05.2002. In the year 2003, staff fixation order was issued to the Secretary 0of 8th respondent- management on 10.12.2003 for the years 2001-02 and 2002-03. 5. Being aggrieved by the non-approval of the appointment of respo~dent nos. 1 to 8, respondents preferred Writ Petition (c) No. 482 of 2005 seeking a writ of mandamus E,.. and also to quash the staff fixation orders. Vide a judgment dated 12.08.2005, learned Single Judge allowed the writ petition holding that the Government is liable to pay the salary and other allowances to the teachers appointed to the new F courses by the managements.

6. Aggrieved by the said order, State of Kerala preferred an appeal bearing W.A. NO. 2529 of2005.1n the meantime, many writ petitions were file~ on similar grounds. By the common judgment dated 18.08.2007, Division Bench allowed G · the appeal filed by the State of Kerala and dismissed the other writ petitions. O"ivision Bench held that the State can always. impose conditions while according sanction and the condition so imposed, that the new appointments are without any H 1038 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R. A additional financial commitment to the State, is perfectly legal and valid and the private college managements are bound by it.

7. Aggrieved by the same, various review petitions were B preferred by the respondents and also other private college managements contending that the said judgment dated 18.08.2007 was rendered without adverting to the provisions of the University Act, the Statutes, the Direct Payment Agreement and various judgments of the Apex Court as also C that of the High Court. Vide a common order dated 7.8.2009, the Division Bench allowed the review petitions holding that the conclusion of the Division Bench in W.A. No. 2529 of 2005 (dated 18.08.2007) that Direct Payment Agreement do not apply to courses subsequently commenced, is directly contrary D to Clause 35 of the Agreement. While allowing the review petitions, the Court directed the State to pay salary and allowances to the teachers who were appointed by the private managements in the newly commenced courses. Being aggrieved, the state has filed these appeals assailing the said .E order.

8. Mr. C.S. Rajan, learned senior counsel for the appellants contended that Government should not be compelled to bear the salary and expenses of those teachers F who were appointed by the private managements, as private managements got the approval of the new courses subject to the condition that there wil,l be no additional financial commitment. Further, learned senior counsel for the State submitted that the private colleges, after accepting the G conditions in the Government Orders that there will be no additional financial commitment, are estopped from contending the contrary and the University has rightly rejected the approval of the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 for H want of posts/strength fixed for the academic year. STATE OF KERAlA&ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1039 [R. BANUMATHI, J.J

9. Per contra, Mr. Babu Varghese, learned senior counsel A appearing for respondent no. 8 submitted that in the guise of imposing restriction of financial commitment the Government i.s violating the statutory provisions as well as the clauses in. the Articles of Direct Payment Agreement. It was further contended that they have fully discharged their obligation in B terms of the provisions of Direct Payment Agreement, in terms of admission of students, collection of fees, reservation of seats as prescribed by Government and remitted the same in the Government treasury and, therefore, the State is also obliged to perform its mutual obligation under the Articles of C Direct Payment Agreement. It was also submitted that the documents obtained under the provisions of Right to Information Act ~hich are annexed would clearly show that there had been budget allocation for sanctioning aided courses 0and some of the teachers appointed in the new courses were paid the salary. 10. Mr. Mathai M. Paikeday, learned senior counsel for respondent nos. 1 to 7 reiterated the above submissions and additionally submitted that the Government is bound to pay E the salaries of the teachers as both the selection of respondent nos. 1 to 7 and their appointment were in accordance with the provisions of the University Laws and Articles of the Direct Payment Agreement. F t1. We have also heard the learned counsel for all other respondents who are represented before us in other connected matters.

12. We have carefully considered the rival contentions G and perused the impugned order and other materials on record. The main point falling for con.sideration is in respect of newly commenced courses for which affiliation was granted . whether the State Government is bound to pay the salary to the teachers for the relevant period? H 1040 . SUPREMECOURTREPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R.

A 13. Direct Payment System was evolved by the State Government vide GOMS No. 185/72/Edn. dated 30.08.1972 for all the private Arts and Science colleges. Under the Direct Payment Agreement, Government decided to introduce a scheme of direct payment of salaries to the teaching and non-S teaching staff of private colleges, the management of which agree to Government control in the matter of appointment of the teaching and non-teaching staff and in the admission of students. The control would be in the form of laying down general principles to be followed and by participation of C representative of the Government and the Universities in the selection and appointment of staff and in the admission of students. Thus, a scheme for direct payment of salaries in private Arts and Science colleges in con$ultation with the Universities, the representatives of the private college 0 managements and the teaching and non-teaching staff representatives of the private colleges have been evolved. The Bth respondent- management executed and agreed to the same and is said to have complied with all the rules of the E agreement. 14. Vide Government Order No. GOMS 134/98/H.Edn.

dated 09.11.1998 sanction was accorded for starting new courses subject to the condition that there will be no additional F financial commitment on the part of Government. Pursuant to the same, Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University vide an order dated 13.11.1998 sanctioned the affiliation of ttfe new courses in the private colleges from the Academic Year 1998-99 subject to ratification by the Syndicate and without any G additional financial commitment. Vide order dated 06.12.1999, Government granted approval for new courses subject to stipulation that the expenditure wiU not exceed the budget allotted for this purpose and University also approved the same vide an order dated 10.12.1999 subject to the same H conditions as stipulated in the order dated 13.11.1998. STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v.. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. . 1041 [R. BANUMATHI, J.] 15. It appears that new courses so sanctioned led to the A increase of work load. So the private college managements acting in consonance with the provisions of the University Statutes and Direct Payment Agreement constituted Statutory Selection Committee, the Committee comprised of both the representatives of the Government and the University. It is B stated that respondent nos. 1 to 7 were also appointed by the said Statutory Selection Committee. Respondent Nos.1 to 4, 6 and 7 were appointed on 01.07.2002and respondent no. 5 on 07.01.2002. c

16. Learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent nos: 1 to 7 has urged that GOMS No. 134/98/H/Edn. dated. 09.11.1998 and GOMS No. 162/99/H7Edn. were issued only to accom~odate the lecturers who were rendered surplus due to de-linking of pre-degree courses from the colleges and the D same fact is evident from annexure R1/3. It is stated that due to de-linking of pre-degree. courses, Pre-degree Courses (Abolition) Act, 19.97 was passed and as per Section 5 of the Act, a statutory ban was imposed on appointments for a period of three years commencing from 03.06.1997 to 02.06.2000. E However, after the expiry of the period, the State has not fixed staff pattern. Hence, respondent no. 8 and Kerala Private College Management Association and other private colleges approached the High Court by OP No. 21268 of 2002 which F was disposed of directing the university to fix the staff stre~gt~ in the. respondents' colleges and to consider the representations of the private colleges in accordance with the· Statutes and Ordinances. As the University did not comply · with the order, contempt proceedings were initiated against G the University and it has later approved certain appointments; but rejected the appointment of respondent nos. 1 to 7 due to want of vacancy and also due to the fact that the courses were sanctioned without any financial commitment on the part of the Governmenf Appointments of respondent nos. 1 to 7 H 1042 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 11 S.C.R.

A were thus not approved and, hence, they were not getting salary. 17. Although, initially approval was not granted for the appointments of respondent nos. 1 to 7, the University granted B approval to these appointments vide its order No. AC.B1/1/ 3169/05 dated 29.10.2005. As noticed earlier, sanction of new courses led to the increase of work load and the services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 were utilised by the 81h respondent-management. The courses are purely aided courses and C therefore, the provisions of Direct Payment Agreement-are ~ndoutedly applicable. The State administration cannot shirk its responsibility of ensuring proper and quality education In Schools and Colleges on the plea of lack of resources. In the facts and circumstances of the case tn hand, we do not deem D it necessary to consider this question in further detail.

18. It is also to be noted that by perusal of the records viz. Annexures R8/14, 15, 16, 17 & 18, it is evident that respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed only against E sanctioned posts. It is not the case of the Government that 8th respondent - management violated the terms of the Direct Payment Agreement. For many years i.e. from 2002, services of respondent nos. 1 to 7 have been utilized for imparting instruction, invigilation and other duties. By perusal of the F information obtained under Right to Information Act that the Government has paid_salaries and emoluments to some of the lecturers appointed in other private colleges. When the respondent nos. 1 to 7 were appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee, we find no reason as to why respondent G nos. 1 to 7 should be denied the payment of salary. When respondent nos. 1 to 7 have been appointed by the Statutory Selection Committee, it becomes obligatory for _the Government to honour these appointments and pay the salary. H STATE OF KERALA& ORS. v. ARUN GEORGE & ORS. 1043 [R. BANUMATHI, J.) 19. In our considered view, the learned Single Judge of A the High Court and the Division Bench in review petitions rig~tly held that respondent nos·. ~ to 7 are entitled to the payment of salary for the relevant period and we find no reason to interfere with the same. B 20. In the result, these appeals are dismissed and consequently, the other connected appeals stand dismissed. Bibhuti Shushan Bose Appeals dismissed. I