[2015] 2 S.C.R. 903 DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO A v. STATE OF UTIARAKHAND (Criminal Appeal No. 1848 of 2008) B FEBRUARY 26, 2015 [DIPAK MISRA AND ADARSH KUMAR GOEL, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860: s.302 - Murder by hitting with stone C on head - Conviction uls.302 by courts below - Held: Evidence of witnesses with regard to earlier incident of altercation between deceased and the accused-appellant furnishing motive to the accused - There was previous 0enmity - Evidence of eye witnesses supporting the prosecution case and found reliable - It was not case of sudden fight or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion- There was enough evidence to prove that appellant was responsible for causing death of the E deceased - The injuries on the accused did not establish free fight - Nature of injuries on the deceased suggested intention to cause death or fatal injury on the vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death - View taken by courts below a possible view - No interference F called for. Constitution of India, 1950: Article 136 - Scope of. Dismissing the appeal, the Court G HELD: 1. Re-appreciation of evidence is not called for in an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution in absence of patent illegality or perversity merely 903 H 904 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 2 S.C.R.

A · because a different view could also be taken. In the instant case, both the courts below found the evidence of PW 3 and PW 4 to be reliable. Evidence of PW 7 widow of the deceased was also believed with regard to the earlier incident furnishing motive to the accused. B PW 2 also corroborated th~ version given by the eye witnesses by stating that he had seen the accused and deceased together just before the occurrence. The defence version of the accused was not found to be reliable. The view taken by the courts below was C certainly a possible view for accepting the evidence led by the prosecution in support of its version. Thus, there was no reason to reject the prosecution ver:sion. There was enough evidence to prove that the accused appellant was responsible for causing the death of the 0 deceased. [Para 9] [908-C-F]

2. The nature of injuries suffered by the deceased did not show that the injury was suffered accidentally. There were multiple wounds and the face was E disfigured. The bones are pulverized. The brain matter was flowing out from all wounds. Seen in the light of previous motive, the accused can be said to have caused the death by acting in a cruel manner. In a plea F of sudden fight, the burden to show that the case falls under Exception 4 to Section 300 l.P.C. is on the accused. No doubt even without leading positive, the plea can be substantiated from the material on record. In the present case, there was nothing on record to G establish free fight. Plea of the accused was of false implication. The circumstances taken as a whole would lead to only possible inference that the accused has inflicted the fatal injury with a view to cause death. The injuries on the head were caused with full force. There H was prior enmity. It was not a case of any sudden DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 905 UTTARAKHAND quarrel or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion. A [Paras 12 and 13] [909-G-H; 910-A-C]

3. Question whether a case fell under Section 302 or 304 has to be decided from case to case depending on factors like the circumstances in which the incident 8 takes place, the nature of weapon used and whether weapon was carried or was taken from the spot and whether the assault was aimed on vital part of the body; the amount of force used; whether the deceased participated in the sudden fight; whether there was any c previous enmity; whether there was any sudden provocation; whether the attack was in the heat of passion; whether the person inflicting the injury took any undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. The list of circumstances is not exhaustive and · 0 there may be several other circumstances with reference to individual cases. Applying these tests to the instant case, the defence on behalf of the appellant is not acceptable. It was a case of previous enmity and the nature of injury suggested intention to cause death E or a fatal injury on a vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death. In these circumstances, there was no ground to interfere. [Para 15] [910-G-H; 911-A-C] . ,Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad vs. State of Maharashtra 2013 F (6) sec 770: 2013 (8) SCR 863 - relied on. Case Law Reference 2013 (8) SCR 863 relied on. Para 7 G CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1848 of 2008. From the Judgment and Order dated 17.11.2007 of the High Court of Uttrakhand at Nainital in· Crl. Appeal No~ 158 H

906 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A of 2007. Hema Sahu, Rajendra Sahu, C. L. Sahu for the Appellant.

Jatinder Kumar Bhatia for the Respondent. B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J. 1 This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order dated 171h C November, 2007 passed by the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Criminal Appeal No.158 of 2007 upholding the conviction of the appellant under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentence to undergo life imprisonment. o 2. Case of the prosecution is that the appellant caused the death of Surat Singh deceased with a stone at 8.30 P.M. on 1st April, 1983 at Village Jantanwala. On 2nd April, 1983 at 9.05 A.M., Mani Ram father of the deceased (who died during pendency of proceedings before the trial Court) E ·lodged FIR to the effect that on 28th March, 1983, the deceased had gone to the house of the accused to celebrate holi. In the night, the accused came to the house of the complainant to assault the deceased alleging that he had knocked the door of his aunt Kumari Sunita in the night F with evil intention when she was alone in her house. With the intervention of Mani Ram and PW 7 Raj Kumari, wife of the deceased, the accused was prevented from dragging the deceased out of the house but the accused left the house with a threat. On 181 April, 1983 when the deceased G went to the nearby Dehradun city, he did not return home at the night. In the morning PW2 Lal Singh told him that the deceased was seen with the accused at 7.30 P.M. in the night. Further, Lakhi Ram PW 4 and Bahadur Singh H PW 3 told him that the accused was seen beating the DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 907

UTTARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.] deceased with a stone at 8.30 P.M. One Jagdish Singh told A him that he had seen the dead body near the bank of the river near the field of Ratan Singh. 3. After registering the FIR, the investigation was conducted by SO Rajpal Singh PW 11. Post mortem was B · conducted by Dr. l.F. Nath PW6. After completing the investigation, the accused was sent up for trial. 4. The prosecution examined as many as 12 witnesses. The accused in his statement under 313 Cr.P.C. took the C plea that he was falsely implicated as he was member of Yuvak Gram Kalyan Samiti and he had made complaint to the District Magistrate against illegal distillation of liquor which made the police inimical to him. He had also made a complaint against illegal dealings of the contractors in o selling Government cement which had made contractors inimical to him. He examined his brother, DW 1 Vijendra Kumar Sharma in support of his version. 5. After considering the evidence on record, the trial E Court convicted and sentenced the appellant which has been affirmed by the High Court. 6. We have heard learned counsel for the parties.

7. Main contention urged on behalf of the appellant is F that the evidence of Bahadur Singh PW 3 and Lakhi Ram PW 4 as eye witnesses is not reliable as if they had seen the occurrence as claimed, they could not have kept quiet in the night. It was further submitted that the alleged motive was far fetched and could not be believed,. It was finally G .· submitted that the case was covered by Exception 4 to Section 300 as it was a case of sudden fight in which both the parties threw stone at each other and thus the case falls under Section 304 Part 11. Reliance has been placed on H 908 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A judgment of this Court in Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad vs. State of Maharashtra1• 8. We have given due consideration to the rival submissions and perused the record.

B 9. As far as reliability of evidence on record is concerned, we are of the view that re-appreciation of evidence is not called for in an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution in absence of patent illegality or perversity c merely because a different view could also be taken. In the present case, both the courts below have found the evidence of PW 3 Bahadur Singh and PW 4 Lakhi Ram to be reliable. Evidence of PW 7 Raj Kumari widow of the deceased has also been believed with regard to the earlier o incident furnishing motive to the accused. PW 2 Lal Singh has also corroborated the version given by the eye witnesses by stating that he had seen the accused and deceased together just before the occurrence. The defence version of the accused has not been found to be reliable. E The view taken by the courts below is certainly a possible view for accepting the evidence led by the prosecution in support of its version. We thus do not find any reason to reject the prosecution version. -There is enough evidence to prove that the accused appellant was responsible for F causing the death of the deceased. 1O. Only other question which remains to be considered is the nature of offence. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the accused also received injuries which G showed the case to be of free fight. The injuries found on the person of the accused by PW 1 Dr. D.M. Kala are as follows : H 1 2013 ce> sec 110 DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 909

UTTARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.] "1. Abraded contusion 3 x 2.5 cm. just above A right eyebrow. 2. Abraded contusion 8 cm. x 2.5 cm. on right side of face inusi/ry the area just below and lateral to right eye. B .3. Abrasion 4 cm. x 1 cm., on right side of face 2 ems. From right angle of mouth. In the opinion of Medical Officer, the injuries were caused by hard blunt object or friction about one day before Injury No. 1 and 2 was kept under observation C while Injury No.3 was simple." 11. On the other hand, the injury noticed on the body of the deceased is as follows : D "1. The face and head is flattened from side to side. There are multiple irregular lacerated wounds all over. The face is disfigured and right eye could not be made out. All the bones of skull, base of skull and mandible are pulverized and the brain matter is seen flowing out E from all the wounds. In the opinion of Medical Officer, the death of the deceased was caused due to shock and hemorrhage as a result of ante mortem injury. The doctor has also F opined that the injury may be caused by stone in between 8:00 to 9:00 p.m. on 01.04.1983."

12. The nature of injuries suffered by the deceased does not show that the injury was suffered accidentally. G There are multiple wounds and the face is disfigured. The bones are pulverized. The brain matter was flowing out from all wounds. Seen in the light of previous motive, the accused can be said to have caused the death by acting in a cruel manner. In a plea of sudden fight, the burden to H 910 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 2 S.C.R. A show that the case falls under Exception 4 to Section 300 1.P.C. is on the accused. No doubt even without leading positive, the plea can be substantiated from the material on record. B 13. In the present case, there is nothing on record to establish free fight. Plea of 'the accused is of false implication. From the circumstances taken as a whole, only possible inference is that the accused has inflicted the fatal injury with a view to cause death. The injuries on the head C have been caused with full force. There is prior enmity. It was not a case of any sudden quarrel or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion.

14. Judgment in Ankush does not advance the case o of the appellant. In the said case, the accused were walking near the field of the deceased when a dog barked at them. The accused hit the dog with an iron pipe and on objection being raised by the deceased there was exchange of hot words which led to a scuffle in the course of which one of E the accused hit the deceased with iron pipe which he was already carrying. Thus, it was a case of a sudden fight on account of barking of the dog belonging to the deceased. There was no previous enmity. Barking of the dog triggered the incident and intervention of the deceased led to a F quarrel culminating into the fatal injury on a vital part. 15. Question whether a case falls under Section 302 or 304 has to be decided from case to case depending on factors like the circumstances in which the incident takes G place, the nature of weapon used and whether weapon was carried or was taken from the spot and whether the assault was aimed on vital part of the body; the amount of force used; whether the deceased participated in the sudden fight; whether there was any previous en'llity; whether there was H any sudden provocation; whether the attack was in the heat DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 911 UTIARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.]

of passion; whether the person inflicting the injury took any A undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. The list of circumstances is not exhaustive and there may be several other circumstances with reference to individual cases. Applying these tests to the present case, we are unable to accept the defence on behalf of the appellant. It B was a case of previous enmity and the nature of injury suggests intention to cause death or a fatal injury on a vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death. In these circumstances, we do not find any ground to interfere. c The appeal is accordingly dismissed. Devika Gujral Appeal dismissed.

[2015] 2 S.C.R. 903 DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO A v. STATE OF UTIARAKHAND (Criminal Appeal No. 1848 of 2008) B FEBRUARY 26, 2015 [DIPAK MISRA AND ADARSH KUMAR GOEL, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860: s.302 - Murder by hitting with stone C on head - Conviction uls.302 by courts below - Held: Evidence of witnesses with regard to earlier incident of altercation between deceased and the accused-appellant furnishing motive to the accused - There was previous 0enmity - Evidence of eye witnesses supporting the prosecution case and found reliable - It was not case of sudden fight or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion- There was enough evidence to prove that appellant was responsible for causing death of the E deceased - The injuries on the accused did not establish free fight - Nature of injuries on the deceased suggested intention to cause death or fatal injury on the vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death - View taken by courts below a possible view - No interference F called for. Constitution of India, 1950: Article 136 - Scope of. Dismissing the appeal, the Court G HELD: 1. Re-appreciation of evidence is not called for in an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution in absence of patent illegality or perversity merely 903 H 904 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 2 S.C.R.

A · because a different view could also be taken. In the instant case, both the courts below found the evidence of PW 3 and PW 4 to be reliable. Evidence of PW 7 widow of the deceased was also believed with regard to the earlier incident furnishing motive to the accused. B PW 2 also corroborated th~ version given by the eye witnesses by stating that he had seen the accused and deceased together just before the occurrence. The defence version of the accused was not found to be reliable. The view taken by the courts below was C certainly a possible view for accepting the evidence led by the prosecution in support of its version. Thus, there was no reason to reject the prosecution ver:sion. There was enough evidence to prove that the accused appellant was responsible for causing the death of the 0 deceased. [Para 9] [908-C-F]

2. The nature of injuries suffered by the deceased did not show that the injury was suffered accidentally. There were multiple wounds and the face was E disfigured. The bones are pulverized. The brain matter was flowing out from all wounds. Seen in the light of previous motive, the accused can be said to have caused the death by acting in a cruel manner. In a plea F of sudden fight, the burden to show that the case falls under Exception 4 to Section 300 l.P.C. is on the accused. No doubt even without leading positive, the plea can be substantiated from the material on record. In the present case, there was nothing on record to G establish free fight. Plea of the accused was of false implication. The circumstances taken as a whole would lead to only possible inference that the accused has inflicted the fatal injury with a view to cause death. The injuries on the head were caused with full force. There H was prior enmity. It was not a case of any sudden DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 905 UTTARAKHAND quarrel or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion. A [Paras 12 and 13] [909-G-H; 910-A-C]

3. Question whether a case fell under Section 302 or 304 has to be decided from case to case depending on factors like the circumstances in which the incident 8 takes place, the nature of weapon used and whether weapon was carried or was taken from the spot and whether the assault was aimed on vital part of the body; the amount of force used; whether the deceased participated in the sudden fight; whether there was any c previous enmity; whether there was any sudden provocation; whether the attack was in the heat of passion; whether the person inflicting the injury took any undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. The list of circumstances is not exhaustive and · 0 there may be several other circumstances with reference to individual cases. Applying these tests to the instant case, the defence on behalf of the appellant is not acceptable. It was a case of previous enmity and the nature of injury suggested intention to cause death E or a fatal injury on a vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death. In these circumstances, there was no ground to interfere. [Para 15] [910-G-H; 911-A-C] . ,Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad vs. State of Maharashtra 2013 F (6) sec 770: 2013 (8) SCR 863 - relied on. Case Law Reference 2013 (8) SCR 863 relied on. Para 7 G CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1848 of 2008. From the Judgment and Order dated 17.11.2007 of the High Court of Uttrakhand at Nainital in· Crl. Appeal No~ 158 H

906 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A of 2007. Hema Sahu, Rajendra Sahu, C. L. Sahu for the Appellant.

Jatinder Kumar Bhatia for the Respondent. B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J. 1 This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order dated 171h C November, 2007 passed by the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Criminal Appeal No.158 of 2007 upholding the conviction of the appellant under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentence to undergo life imprisonment. o 2. Case of the prosecution is that the appellant caused the death of Surat Singh deceased with a stone at 8.30 P.M. on 1st April, 1983 at Village Jantanwala. On 2nd April, 1983 at 9.05 A.M., Mani Ram father of the deceased (who died during pendency of proceedings before the trial Court) E ·lodged FIR to the effect that on 28th March, 1983, the deceased had gone to the house of the accused to celebrate holi. In the night, the accused came to the house of the complainant to assault the deceased alleging that he had knocked the door of his aunt Kumari Sunita in the night F with evil intention when she was alone in her house. With the intervention of Mani Ram and PW 7 Raj Kumari, wife of the deceased, the accused was prevented from dragging the deceased out of the house but the accused left the house with a threat. On 181 April, 1983 when the deceased G went to the nearby Dehradun city, he did not return home at the night. In the morning PW2 Lal Singh told him that the deceased was seen with the accused at 7.30 P.M. in the night. Further, Lakhi Ram PW 4 and Bahadur Singh H PW 3 told him that the accused was seen beating the DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 907

UTTARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.] deceased with a stone at 8.30 P.M. One Jagdish Singh told A him that he had seen the dead body near the bank of the river near the field of Ratan Singh. 3. After registering the FIR, the investigation was conducted by SO Rajpal Singh PW 11. Post mortem was B · conducted by Dr. l.F. Nath PW6. After completing the investigation, the accused was sent up for trial. 4. The prosecution examined as many as 12 witnesses. The accused in his statement under 313 Cr.P.C. took the C plea that he was falsely implicated as he was member of Yuvak Gram Kalyan Samiti and he had made complaint to the District Magistrate against illegal distillation of liquor which made the police inimical to him. He had also made a complaint against illegal dealings of the contractors in o selling Government cement which had made contractors inimical to him. He examined his brother, DW 1 Vijendra Kumar Sharma in support of his version. 5. After considering the evidence on record, the trial E Court convicted and sentenced the appellant which has been affirmed by the High Court. 6. We have heard learned counsel for the parties.

7. Main contention urged on behalf of the appellant is F that the evidence of Bahadur Singh PW 3 and Lakhi Ram PW 4 as eye witnesses is not reliable as if they had seen the occurrence as claimed, they could not have kept quiet in the night. It was further submitted that the alleged motive was far fetched and could not be believed,. It was finally G .· submitted that the case was covered by Exception 4 to Section 300 as it was a case of sudden fight in which both the parties threw stone at each other and thus the case falls under Section 304 Part 11. Reliance has been placed on H 908 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A judgment of this Court in Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad vs. State of Maharashtra1• 8. We have given due consideration to the rival submissions and perused the record.

B 9. As far as reliability of evidence on record is concerned, we are of the view that re-appreciation of evidence is not called for in an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution in absence of patent illegality or perversity c merely because a different view could also be taken. In the present case, both the courts below have found the evidence of PW 3 Bahadur Singh and PW 4 Lakhi Ram to be reliable. Evidence of PW 7 Raj Kumari widow of the deceased has also been believed with regard to the earlier o incident furnishing motive to the accused. PW 2 Lal Singh has also corroborated the version given by the eye witnesses by stating that he had seen the accused and deceased together just before the occurrence. The defence version of the accused has not been found to be reliable. E The view taken by the courts below is certainly a possible view for accepting the evidence led by the prosecution in support of its version. We thus do not find any reason to reject the prosecution version. -There is enough evidence to prove that the accused appellant was responsible for F causing the death of the deceased. 1O. Only other question which remains to be considered is the nature of offence. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the accused also received injuries which G showed the case to be of free fight. The injuries found on the person of the accused by PW 1 Dr. D.M. Kala are as follows : H 1 2013 ce> sec 110 DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 909

UTTARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.] "1. Abraded contusion 3 x 2.5 cm. just above A right eyebrow. 2. Abraded contusion 8 cm. x 2.5 cm. on right side of face inusi/ry the area just below and lateral to right eye. B .3. Abrasion 4 cm. x 1 cm., on right side of face 2 ems. From right angle of mouth. In the opinion of Medical Officer, the injuries were caused by hard blunt object or friction about one day before Injury No. 1 and 2 was kept under observation C while Injury No.3 was simple." 11. On the other hand, the injury noticed on the body of the deceased is as follows : D "1. The face and head is flattened from side to side. There are multiple irregular lacerated wounds all over. The face is disfigured and right eye could not be made out. All the bones of skull, base of skull and mandible are pulverized and the brain matter is seen flowing out E from all the wounds. In the opinion of Medical Officer, the death of the deceased was caused due to shock and hemorrhage as a result of ante mortem injury. The doctor has also F opined that the injury may be caused by stone in between 8:00 to 9:00 p.m. on 01.04.1983."

12. The nature of injuries suffered by the deceased does not show that the injury was suffered accidentally. G There are multiple wounds and the face is disfigured. The bones are pulverized. The brain matter was flowing out from all wounds. Seen in the light of previous motive, the accused can be said to have caused the death by acting in a cruel manner. In a plea of sudden fight, the burden to H 910 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 2 S.C.R. A show that the case falls under Exception 4 to Section 300 1.P.C. is on the accused. No doubt even without leading positive, the plea can be substantiated from the material on record. B 13. In the present case, there is nothing on record to establish free fight. Plea of 'the accused is of false implication. From the circumstances taken as a whole, only possible inference is that the accused has inflicted the fatal injury with a view to cause death. The injuries on the head C have been caused with full force. There is prior enmity. It was not a case of any sudden quarrel or sudden provocation or in the heat of passion.

14. Judgment in Ankush does not advance the case o of the appellant. In the said case, the accused were walking near the field of the deceased when a dog barked at them. The accused hit the dog with an iron pipe and on objection being raised by the deceased there was exchange of hot words which led to a scuffle in the course of which one of E the accused hit the deceased with iron pipe which he was already carrying. Thus, it was a case of a sudden fight on account of barking of the dog belonging to the deceased. There was no previous enmity. Barking of the dog triggered the incident and intervention of the deceased led to a F quarrel culminating into the fatal injury on a vital part. 15. Question whether a case falls under Section 302 or 304 has to be decided from case to case depending on factors like the circumstances in which the incident takes G place, the nature of weapon used and whether weapon was carried or was taken from the spot and whether the assault was aimed on vital part of the body; the amount of force used; whether the deceased participated in the sudden fight; whether there was any previous en'llity; whether there was H any sudden provocation; whether the attack was in the heat DHIRENDRA KUMAR @ DHIROO v. STATE OF 911 UTIARAKHAND [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL J.]

of passion; whether the person inflicting the injury took any A undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. The list of circumstances is not exhaustive and there may be several other circumstances with reference to individual cases. Applying these tests to the present case, we are unable to accept the defence on behalf of the appellant. It B was a case of previous enmity and the nature of injury suggests intention to cause death or a fatal injury on a vital part of the body with full force sufficient to cause death. In these circumstances, we do not find any ground to interfere. c The appeal is accordingly dismissed. Devika Gujral Appeal dismissed.