[2015] 2 S.C.R. 202 A STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & OTHERS v. HITKISHORE GOSWAMI (CivilAppeal No. 1892 of2015) FEBRUARY 16, 2015 B [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA AND ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, JJ.] Service Law- Counting of past service - For the purpose of fixation of pay and other retiral benefits - Permissibility of C - Held: The employee was not entitled to benefit of his past service i.e. his previous employment, from which he voluntarily retired to join the subsequent service - On tendering of resignation, relationship between the employer and employee severed for all purposes - Previous D employment neither had any connection with the subsequent employment nor was there any rule or condition recognizing such continuity of service. Allowing the appeal, the Court E HELD: 1. The respondent was not entitled to claim the benefit of his past services which he rendered from "02.07.1963 to 02.01.1966" as Lecturer in the Government Schools while determining his qualifying servic~ for F fixing his pension etc. [Para 17] [207-G] 2. The respondent having voluntarily tendered his resignation from the said service without there being any condition much less a condition to enable him to claim any kind of its benefit in the event of his joining G other services with the State, no benefit of such past services was available to the respondent. The effect of tendering the resignation by the respondent was that the relationship between the parties insofar as that H 202

STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 203 GOSWAMI particular employment was concerned got severed for A all purposes leaving no benefit to remain in respondent's favour. It had no connection with respondent's subsequent employment which began from "03.01.1966". [paras 18-19] [207-H; 208-A-C] B 3. In order to claim continuity in the service for claiming any benefit arising therefrom, it was necessary for the respondent to have shown any specific rule or condition recognizing such right in his favour. The respondent, however, was not able C to show any such rule or/and condition in his favour. It is a trite law that a right to claim pension is governed by the statue. An employee has, therefore, no right to claim any benefit in relation to pension dehores the statute. [paras 20-21] [208-0-E] D CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1892of2015 From the Judgment and Order dated 09.10.2013 of the E High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Bench at Gwalior in Writ Appeal No. 478 of 2013 C. D. Singh, Apporv Kurup for the Appellants. Pashpathi Nath Razdan, Abhinav Ramakrishna, F Prashant Shukla for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J. 1. Leave granted. G 2. This appeal is filed by the State of M.P. against the judgment/order dated 09.10.2013 passed by the High Court of M.P. in W.A. No.478 of 2013 which arise out of judgment/ order dated 05.07.2013 passed by the Writ Court in W.P. No.1475/2009 (S). H

204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2015] 2 S.C.R. A 3. By impugned judgment, the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the appeal filed by the State (appellant herein) and upheld the order of the Writ Court (learned Single Judge) which allowed the respondent's writ petition by issuing directions in the nature of mandamus against the appellant B (State) in relation to respondent's pension case. 4. The question, which arises for consideration in this appeal is whether the Courts below were justified in allowing the respondent's writ petition and in consequence justified c in issuing directions in the nature of writ of mandamus in relation to respondent's pension case. 5. Facts of the case lie in a narrow compass. They, however, need mention, which are taken from the list of dates and the pleadings of the parties infra. D 6. The respondent was appointed as Lecturer (Botany) on 02.07.1963 in the School Education Department of the State. He was posted in the Government Higher Secondary School at Kan nod, District Dewas and later transferred to E another Government Higher Secondary School at Agar (Malba).

7. In the year 1965, the respondent applied for the post of Lecturer in the Government Degree College, F Narsinghgarh pursuant to the advertisement issued by the M.P. Public Service Commission (for short MPSC). The respondent was selected for the said post. He, therefore, tendered his resignation in December, 1965 from the post of lecturer to enable him to join the new service. The G respondent's resignation was accepted. 8. The respondent, accordingly, on 03.01.1966 joined on the post of Lecturer in the Government Degree College, Narsinghgarh and worked till 30.04.1976. He was then sent on deputation as Reader on selection at Barkatulla H University, Bhopal. The respondent continued to work there STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 205 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.] when his services were absorbed permanently on A 29.08.1979 with effect from 01.05.1978. The respondent attained the age of superannuation and, accordingly, retired from the services on 31.5.2004.

~· The respondent then applied for assessing his pension 8 and payment of gratuity (annexure-P-1) to the concerned authorities. In Column No. 7 of the Form, he mentioned the date of beginning of his service as "3'd January 1966". However, later, the respondent joined an issue with the State that while calculating his pensionery benefits, the past period c of his services, which he rendered as lecturer in the government schools from "02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966", should also be counted. The State did not accept the prayer made by the respondent. 10. This gave rise to filing of the writ petition by the D respondent against the State for determination of the question as to whether he was entitled to take benefit of his past services from 02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966 so as to include the said period in his total length of services for counting qualifying E services to fix his pension and other retiral benefits payable to him.

11 . The State contested the respondent's writ petition on two grounds. In the first place it was contended that the claim made by the respondent is inordinately delayed and hence F the writ petition was liable to be dismissed on the ground of delay and laches. The second ground was that since the respondent had voluntarily resigned from earlier services to enable him to join the new post of Lectureship in the Government Degree College and his resignation having been G accepted by the State, he was not entitled to claim any benefit of earlier services for counting his qualifying services for fixing his pension and payment of other retiral benefits. 12. The Writ Court, by order dated 05.07.2013, did not H 206 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A accept the grounds taken by the State and, while allowing the respondent's writ petition, issued the following directions against the State: "(i) The respondents shall count the services rendered by the petitioner from July 1963 to B 3.1.1966 for the purpose of qualifying services for counting pension, gratuity and other retrial dues. (ii) While refixing and revising the pension and c retrial dues the respondents shall consider whether petitioner is entitled for any benefit as per the circulars issued by the State Government, Annexure P-12 (cumulative).

(iii) The aforesaid exercise be positively D completed within 60 days and revised pension and consequential benefits arising there to be paid to the petitioner within the aforesaid time. If it is not done within the aforesaid period, it will E carry 6% interest till the date of actual payment." 13: The State felt aggrieved filed intra court appeal. By impugned order, the Division Bench dismissed the appeal and upheld the directions issued by the Writ Court. It is against this F order; the State felt aggrieved and has filed this appeal, by special leave. 14. Learned Counsel for the appellant (State) while assailing the legality and correctness of the impugned order reiterated the same grounds as were urged before the courts G below and made two-fold submissions. In the first place, he contended that the courts below erred in entertaining and eventually allowing the respondent's writ petition by issuing the impugned directions. It was his submission that once the respondent voluntarily tendered his resignation from his earlier H service, which on its acceptance, enabled him to join the new STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 207 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.)

service as Lecturer in the Government Degree College, the A period spent in past services was not available for being counted nor it could be a part of the qualifying service while fixing his pension. In other words, the submission was that acceptance of respondent's resignation by the State (competent authority) resulted in severance of his relationship B with the State so far as that particular service/employment was concerned because it brought to an end the said services/ employment for all purposes. It was for this reason the learned counsel for the State urged that the period spent in such services was not available to the respondent while counting C the qualifying service for fixing his pension. This submission urged by the learned counsel was not decided by the High Court in its proper perspective. His second submission was that when the respondent himself mentioned in his Pension Form (Annexure-P-1) that his date of beginning in the service D for assessing the pension was "03.01.1966", then in such circumstances he had no right to turn around and request the State to count his services rendered prior to 03.01.1966. 15. In contra, learned counsel for the respondent supported E the impugned order and contended that no case is made out to interfere with the impugned order and hence, the same should be upheld by dismissing the appeal.

16. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and F on perusal of the record of the case, we find force in the submissions of the learned counsel for the State. 17. In our considered opinion, the respondent was not entitled to claim the benefit of his past services which he rendered from "02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966" as Lecturer in the G Government Schools while determining his qualifying service for fixing his pension etc. 18. It was for the reason that respondent having voluntarily tendered his resignation from the said service without there H 208 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A being any condition much less a condition to enable him to claim any kind of its benefit in the event of his joining other services with the State, no benefit of such past services was available to the respondent. 19. In our considered opinion, the effect of tendering the 8 resignation by the respondent - may be for any reason was that the relationship between the parties insofar as that particular employment was concerned got severed for all purposes leaving no benefit to remain in respondent's favour. c It had no connection with respondent's subsequent employment which began from "03.01.1966".

20. Indeed, in order to claim continuity in the service for claiming any benefit arising therefrom, it was necessary for the respondent to have shown any specific rule or condition D recognizing such right in his favour. The respondent, however, was not able to show any such rule or/and condition in his favour. 21. It is a trite law that a right to claim pension is governed E by the statue. An employee has, therefore, no right to claim any benefit in relation to pension dehores the statute. 22. Learned counsel for the respondent, however, vehemently urged that keeping in view the respondent's F unblemished service record with the State, it can safely be taken that there was no break in the service, which entitled the respondent to claim benefits flowing from his past and present services including its continuity qua State. 23. We find no merit in this submission in the light of our G finding recorded in the preceding paragraph. 24. In the light of foregoing discussion, we are of the considered opinion that the courts below erred in directing the State to give benefit to the respondent of his services which H he had rendered from "02.07.1963 to 02.01.1966" for fixing STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 209 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.] his pension without properly examining the effect of his A tendering resignation on the issue raised in the writ petition.

25. In our opinion, the respondent was, therefore, entitled to get the benefit of his services rendered from "03.01.1966" onwards as mentioned by him in the Form (Annexure- P-1) 8 for assessing his pension, gratuity and other retiral benefits etc. 26. Since we have dismissed the respondent's writ petition on merits hence, it is not necessary to deal with another question in relation to delay and !aches in filing the writ petition C raised by the appellant (State) which was decided by the courts below in respondent's favour. In any event, we are inclined to uphold the finding of courts below on this issue and, accordingly, hold that writ petition was not liable for dismissal on the ground of delay and !aches on the part of respondent. D 27. In view of foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment and orders and in consequence dismiss the writ petition filed by the respondent. E 28. We direct the appellant (State) to finalize the claim of the respondent for fixing his pension and other retiral benefits in the light of what is held above, as per rules, and pay the same to the respondent within three months from the date of this judgment. No costs. F Kalpana K. Tripathy Appeal allowed

[2015] 2 S.C.R. 202 A STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & OTHERS v. HITKISHORE GOSWAMI (CivilAppeal No. 1892 of2015) FEBRUARY 16, 2015 B [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA AND ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, JJ.] Service Law- Counting of past service - For the purpose of fixation of pay and other retiral benefits - Permissibility of C - Held: The employee was not entitled to benefit of his past service i.e. his previous employment, from which he voluntarily retired to join the subsequent service - On tendering of resignation, relationship between the employer and employee severed for all purposes - Previous D employment neither had any connection with the subsequent employment nor was there any rule or condition recognizing such continuity of service. Allowing the appeal, the Court E HELD: 1. The respondent was not entitled to claim the benefit of his past services which he rendered from "02.07.1963 to 02.01.1966" as Lecturer in the Government Schools while determining his qualifying servic~ for F fixing his pension etc. [Para 17] [207-G] 2. The respondent having voluntarily tendered his resignation from the said service without there being any condition much less a condition to enable him to claim any kind of its benefit in the event of his joining G other services with the State, no benefit of such past services was available to the respondent. The effect of tendering the resignation by the respondent was that the relationship between the parties insofar as that H 202

STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 203 GOSWAMI particular employment was concerned got severed for A all purposes leaving no benefit to remain in respondent's favour. It had no connection with respondent's subsequent employment which began from "03.01.1966". [paras 18-19] [207-H; 208-A-C] B 3. In order to claim continuity in the service for claiming any benefit arising therefrom, it was necessary for the respondent to have shown any specific rule or condition recognizing such right in his favour. The respondent, however, was not able C to show any such rule or/and condition in his favour. It is a trite law that a right to claim pension is governed by the statue. An employee has, therefore, no right to claim any benefit in relation to pension dehores the statute. [paras 20-21] [208-0-E] D CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1892of2015 From the Judgment and Order dated 09.10.2013 of the E High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Bench at Gwalior in Writ Appeal No. 478 of 2013 C. D. Singh, Apporv Kurup for the Appellants. Pashpathi Nath Razdan, Abhinav Ramakrishna, F Prashant Shukla for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J. 1. Leave granted. G 2. This appeal is filed by the State of M.P. against the judgment/order dated 09.10.2013 passed by the High Court of M.P. in W.A. No.478 of 2013 which arise out of judgment/ order dated 05.07.2013 passed by the Writ Court in W.P. No.1475/2009 (S). H

204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2015] 2 S.C.R. A 3. By impugned judgment, the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the appeal filed by the State (appellant herein) and upheld the order of the Writ Court (learned Single Judge) which allowed the respondent's writ petition by issuing directions in the nature of mandamus against the appellant B (State) in relation to respondent's pension case. 4. The question, which arises for consideration in this appeal is whether the Courts below were justified in allowing the respondent's writ petition and in consequence justified c in issuing directions in the nature of writ of mandamus in relation to respondent's pension case. 5. Facts of the case lie in a narrow compass. They, however, need mention, which are taken from the list of dates and the pleadings of the parties infra. D 6. The respondent was appointed as Lecturer (Botany) on 02.07.1963 in the School Education Department of the State. He was posted in the Government Higher Secondary School at Kan nod, District Dewas and later transferred to E another Government Higher Secondary School at Agar (Malba).

7. In the year 1965, the respondent applied for the post of Lecturer in the Government Degree College, F Narsinghgarh pursuant to the advertisement issued by the M.P. Public Service Commission (for short MPSC). The respondent was selected for the said post. He, therefore, tendered his resignation in December, 1965 from the post of lecturer to enable him to join the new service. The G respondent's resignation was accepted. 8. The respondent, accordingly, on 03.01.1966 joined on the post of Lecturer in the Government Degree College, Narsinghgarh and worked till 30.04.1976. He was then sent on deputation as Reader on selection at Barkatulla H University, Bhopal. The respondent continued to work there STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 205 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.] when his services were absorbed permanently on A 29.08.1979 with effect from 01.05.1978. The respondent attained the age of superannuation and, accordingly, retired from the services on 31.5.2004.

~· The respondent then applied for assessing his pension 8 and payment of gratuity (annexure-P-1) to the concerned authorities. In Column No. 7 of the Form, he mentioned the date of beginning of his service as "3'd January 1966". However, later, the respondent joined an issue with the State that while calculating his pensionery benefits, the past period c of his services, which he rendered as lecturer in the government schools from "02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966", should also be counted. The State did not accept the prayer made by the respondent. 10. This gave rise to filing of the writ petition by the D respondent against the State for determination of the question as to whether he was entitled to take benefit of his past services from 02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966 so as to include the said period in his total length of services for counting qualifying E services to fix his pension and other retiral benefits payable to him.

11 . The State contested the respondent's writ petition on two grounds. In the first place it was contended that the claim made by the respondent is inordinately delayed and hence F the writ petition was liable to be dismissed on the ground of delay and laches. The second ground was that since the respondent had voluntarily resigned from earlier services to enable him to join the new post of Lectureship in the Government Degree College and his resignation having been G accepted by the State, he was not entitled to claim any benefit of earlier services for counting his qualifying services for fixing his pension and payment of other retiral benefits. 12. The Writ Court, by order dated 05.07.2013, did not H 206 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A accept the grounds taken by the State and, while allowing the respondent's writ petition, issued the following directions against the State: "(i) The respondents shall count the services rendered by the petitioner from July 1963 to B 3.1.1966 for the purpose of qualifying services for counting pension, gratuity and other retrial dues. (ii) While refixing and revising the pension and c retrial dues the respondents shall consider whether petitioner is entitled for any benefit as per the circulars issued by the State Government, Annexure P-12 (cumulative).

(iii) The aforesaid exercise be positively D completed within 60 days and revised pension and consequential benefits arising there to be paid to the petitioner within the aforesaid time. If it is not done within the aforesaid period, it will E carry 6% interest till the date of actual payment." 13: The State felt aggrieved filed intra court appeal. By impugned order, the Division Bench dismissed the appeal and upheld the directions issued by the Writ Court. It is against this F order; the State felt aggrieved and has filed this appeal, by special leave. 14. Learned Counsel for the appellant (State) while assailing the legality and correctness of the impugned order reiterated the same grounds as were urged before the courts G below and made two-fold submissions. In the first place, he contended that the courts below erred in entertaining and eventually allowing the respondent's writ petition by issuing the impugned directions. It was his submission that once the respondent voluntarily tendered his resignation from his earlier H service, which on its acceptance, enabled him to join the new STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 207 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.)

service as Lecturer in the Government Degree College, the A period spent in past services was not available for being counted nor it could be a part of the qualifying service while fixing his pension. In other words, the submission was that acceptance of respondent's resignation by the State (competent authority) resulted in severance of his relationship B with the State so far as that particular service/employment was concerned because it brought to an end the said services/ employment for all purposes. It was for this reason the learned counsel for the State urged that the period spent in such services was not available to the respondent while counting C the qualifying service for fixing his pension. This submission urged by the learned counsel was not decided by the High Court in its proper perspective. His second submission was that when the respondent himself mentioned in his Pension Form (Annexure-P-1) that his date of beginning in the service D for assessing the pension was "03.01.1966", then in such circumstances he had no right to turn around and request the State to count his services rendered prior to 03.01.1966. 15. In contra, learned counsel for the respondent supported E the impugned order and contended that no case is made out to interfere with the impugned order and hence, the same should be upheld by dismissing the appeal.

16. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and F on perusal of the record of the case, we find force in the submissions of the learned counsel for the State. 17. In our considered opinion, the respondent was not entitled to claim the benefit of his past services which he rendered from "02.07 .1963 to 02.01.1966" as Lecturer in the G Government Schools while determining his qualifying service for fixing his pension etc. 18. It was for the reason that respondent having voluntarily tendered his resignation from the said service without there H 208 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 2 S.C.R. A being any condition much less a condition to enable him to claim any kind of its benefit in the event of his joining other services with the State, no benefit of such past services was available to the respondent. 19. In our considered opinion, the effect of tendering the 8 resignation by the respondent - may be for any reason was that the relationship between the parties insofar as that particular employment was concerned got severed for all purposes leaving no benefit to remain in respondent's favour. c It had no connection with respondent's subsequent employment which began from "03.01.1966".

20. Indeed, in order to claim continuity in the service for claiming any benefit arising therefrom, it was necessary for the respondent to have shown any specific rule or condition D recognizing such right in his favour. The respondent, however, was not able to show any such rule or/and condition in his favour. 21. It is a trite law that a right to claim pension is governed E by the statue. An employee has, therefore, no right to claim any benefit in relation to pension dehores the statute. 22. Learned counsel for the respondent, however, vehemently urged that keeping in view the respondent's F unblemished service record with the State, it can safely be taken that there was no break in the service, which entitled the respondent to claim benefits flowing from his past and present services including its continuity qua State. 23. We find no merit in this submission in the light of our G finding recorded in the preceding paragraph. 24. In the light of foregoing discussion, we are of the considered opinion that the courts below erred in directing the State to give benefit to the respondent of his services which H he had rendered from "02.07.1963 to 02.01.1966" for fixing STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. HITKISHORE 209 GOSWAMI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.] his pension without properly examining the effect of his A tendering resignation on the issue raised in the writ petition.

25. In our opinion, the respondent was, therefore, entitled to get the benefit of his services rendered from "03.01.1966" onwards as mentioned by him in the Form (Annexure- P-1) 8 for assessing his pension, gratuity and other retiral benefits etc. 26. Since we have dismissed the respondent's writ petition on merits hence, it is not necessary to deal with another question in relation to delay and !aches in filing the writ petition C raised by the appellant (State) which was decided by the courts below in respondent's favour. In any event, we are inclined to uphold the finding of courts below on this issue and, accordingly, hold that writ petition was not liable for dismissal on the ground of delay and !aches on the part of respondent. D 27. In view of foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment and orders and in consequence dismiss the writ petition filed by the respondent. E 28. We direct the appellant (State) to finalize the claim of the respondent for fixing his pension and other retiral benefits in the light of what is held above, as per rules, and pay the same to the respondent within three months from the date of this judgment. No costs. F Kalpana K. Tripathy Appeal allowed