[2015] 9 S.C.R. 772 A STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CENTRAL CRIME BRANCH v. R. VASANTHI STANLEY &ANR. B (Criminal Appeal Nos.2006-2009 of 2014) SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 [Of PAK MISRA AND PRAFULLA C. PANT, JJ.]

c Code of Criminal Procedure, 19 73: s. 482 - Quashing of criminal proceedings - Charge sheet filed against the first respondent on the ground that she along with her husband by forging documents obtained loans from various banks -s.482 application filed before the High Court - During o pendency of the matter, the husband of the first respondent died - Plea of first respondent that after demise of her husband, she came to know about the cas~s pending against her due to the alleged involvement of her husband and that she being lady was following the command of her husband E and signed the documents without being aware about the transactions entered into by the husband and nature of the business and that immediately she had take!} necessary steps to settle the entire dues of the banks and, therefore, there was no justification for continuance of the criminal F proceedin'gs - High Court quashed the proceedings- Held: High Court erred in quashing the proceedings - The assertions as regards the ignorance are a mere .pretence and sans substance given the facts - Lack of awareness, knowledge or intent is neither to be considered nor accepted .G in economic offence -: An offence under the criminal law is an offence and it does not depend upon the gender of an accused- Moreover proceedings cannot be quashed on the ground that the accused settled the amount with the bank. H 772 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 773 VASANTHI STANLEY

Allowing the appeal, the Court A HELD: 1. A person committing a murder or getting involved in a financial scam or forgery of documents, cannot claim discharge or acquittal on the ground of her gender as that is neither constitutionally nor statutorily B a valid argument. The offence is gender neutral in this case. A grave criminal offence or serious economic offence or for that matter the offence that has the potentiality to create a dent in the financial health of the institutions, is notto be quashed on the ground thatthere C is delay in trial or the principle that when the matter has been settled it should be quashed to avoid the load on the system. That can never be an acceptable principle or parameter, for that would amount to destroying the stem cells of law and order in many a realm and further D strengthen the marrows of the unscrupulous litigations. [Paras 13, 14] [787-E-H; 788-A] Janta Dal v. H. S. Chowdhary 1992 (1) Suppl. SCR 226: (1992) 4 SCC 305; CBI v. Maninder Singh 2015 (9) SCALE E 365; State of Maharashtra through CBI v. Vikram Anantrai Doshi and others 2014 (10) SCALE 690 - relied on. Nikhil Merchant v. Central Bureau of Investigation 2008 (12) SCR 236: (2008) 9 SCC 677; Manoj Sharma v. State F and others 2008 (14) SCR 539: (2008) 16 sec 1; State of Kamataka v. L. MunesM1amy 1977 (3) SCR 113: (1977) 2 SCC 699; Madhvrao Jiwajirao Scindia and others v.

Sambhajirao Chandrojirao Angre and others 1988 (2) SCR 930: (1988) 1 SCC 692; Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. C.B. I., G New Delhi (2002) 5 SCC 257; Shiji@ Pappu and other~ v. Radhika and another 2011 (13) SCR 135: (2011) 10 SCC 705; Sushi/ Suri v. CBI and Anr. 2011 (8) SCR 1: (2011) 5 SCC 708; CBI v. A. Ravishankar Prasad and others (2009) 6 SCC 351; CBI v. Duncans Agro Industries Ltd. (1996) 5 H 774 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A SCC 581; lnder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttaranchal 2007 (10) SCR 847: (2007) 12 SCC 1; Gian Singh v. State of Punjab andAnother2012 (8) SCR 753: (2012) 10 SCC 303; Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. 2014 (4) SCR 1012: (2014) 6 SCC 466; Dimpy Gujral v. Union B Territory through Administrator AIR 2012 SCW 5333; State ofRajasthan v. Sambhu Kevat2013 (14) SCALE 235; CBI, ACB, Mumbai v. Narendra Lal Jain & Ors. 2014 (3) SCR 444: (2014) 5 SCC 364; Central Bureau of Investigation v. c Jagjit Singh 2013 (17) SCR 361: (2013) 1 o sec 686 -referred to. Case Law Reference 2008 (12) SCR 236 referred to. Para 3 D 2008 (14) SCR 539 referred to. Para 3 1977 (3) SCR 113 referred to. Para 3. 1988 (2) SCR 930 referred to. Para 3 E (2002) 5 sec 257 referred to. Para 3 2011 (13) SCR 135 referred to. Para 3 2011 (8) SCR 1 referred to. Para 3 F 2014 (10) SCALE 690 relied on. Para 8 (2009) 6 sec 351 referred to. Para 8 (1996) 5 sec 581 referred to. Para 8 G

.2007 (10) SCR 847 referred to. Para 8 2012 (8) SCR 753 referred to. Para 9 2014 (4) SCR 1012 referred to. Para 9 H STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE. CCB v. R. 775 VASANTHI STANLEY AIR 2012 sew 5333 referred to. Para 9 A 2013 (14) SCALE 235 referred to. Para 9 2014 (3) SCR 444 referred to. Para 9 2013 (17) SCR 361 referred to. Para 10 B 2015 (9) SCALE 365 relied on. Para 11 . 1992 (1) Suppl. SCR 226 relied on. Para 12 CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal c Nos. 2006-2009 of 2014. From the Judgment and Order dated 24.01.2012 of the High Court of Madras in Crl. O.P. {MO) Nos. 14759 to 14762 of2011. D Subramonium Prasad, M. Yogesh Kanna, Jayant Patel for the Appella11t.

Vivek Tankha, Kumanan, Senthil Jagadeesan, Shruti Iyer, E Govind Manoharan, Suchitra Kumbhat, Jinendra Jain, Puneet Taneja, Shaheen, Sudarsh Menon for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DIPAK MISRA, J. 1. The seminal issues that emanate F for consideration, unequivocally on the bedrock of fiscal sanctity and decidedly on the plinth of prevalent mindset of borrowers from public financial institutions including banks, are whether a borrower or borrowers after availing finance by G creating mortgage on the base of certain documents which, as alleged, are forged, and ingeniously adopt the same modus .. operandi to avail the benefit from number of banks, who in due course facing the problerrrset the criminal law in motion by lodging different Fl Rs and in the ultimate eventuate in an H adroit manrier enter into settlements and pay the amount and · 776 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A thereafter, knock at the doors of the High Court seeking exercise of inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) or the extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution for quashment of the criminal proceedings; a11d should the High Court on the B foundation that the continuance of the criminal proceedings. would be a Sisyphean endeavour after the settlement has taken place to quash the same; and further whether a former Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes can be allowed to advance a plea, obviously a remarkable one, that she had C signed the documents either as a guarantor or as a co-applicant, showing deference to her late husband's desire; and, therefore, this Court, in exercise of power under Article 136 of the Constitution, should not unsettle the common order by which D the High Court has quashed criminal proceedings. Additionally, it has also become obligatory to decisively lay down whether continuance of such proceedings would be an unnecessary load on the criminal justice dispensation system and hence, there is neither any warrant nor justification for interference E with the order of the High Court. We are invited by the astute proponements to dwell upon the said issues, and we shall do so in due course of our delineation.

2. The fadual narrative has a narrow compass. The first F respondent, accused no.2, along with her husband submitted an application for home loan to the Centurion Bank of Punjab, presently known as HDFC Bank Ltd. for a sum of Rs.6 lakhs by depositing the sale deed dated 31.10.2001. The HDFC Bank found that documents were forged and accordingly filed G a complaint with the Commissioner of Police, Chennai on 20.12.2005 which eventually gave rise to registration of FIR No. 579/06 dated 19. 7.2006. Another FIR came to be lodged on 3.8 .. 2006 by Bank of India, qathedral Branch from which the couple had availed a loan of Rs.25 lakhs for a Company H Development (Medicrops and Medige!) on the grounds that STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 777 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

the documents were forged. On 10.7.2006, Vijaya Bank, GN. A Chetty Road Branch filed a complaint that the husband of the accused had applied for a mortgage loan of Rs.18 lakhs with forged documents by depositing the title deed and the wife stood as a surety. Taking into consideration the complaints lodged by the aforesaid banks, the Inspector of Police, Central B Crime Branch, Team-XII, Egmore Chennai, registered the FIRs and commenced the investigation. When the matter stood thus, the Syndicate Bank, Mylapore Branch filed a complaint with the Commissioner of Police, Chennai on 11.01.2007 to the effect that the husband of the first respondent herein had C submitted an application for grant of honie improvement loan for a sum of Rs.12 lakhs with forged documents and the wife was the guarantor and on that basis another FIR was registered and investigation took place. Thus, the first respondent was D a co-applicant in respect of the loans availed from HDFC Bank and Bank of India and was a guarantor in respect of the loans availed from Vijaya Bank and Syndicate Bank. FIR Nos. in respect of HDFC Bank, Bank of India, Vijaya Bank and Syndicate Bank were 579/06, 643/06, 550/06 and 206/07 E respectively. After due investigation, chargesheets were filed before the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore, Chennai and Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidepet, Chennai and the proceedings before the trial court were instituted bearing CC No. 1624/2010, CC No. 5669/2010, CC No. 6258/2010 and F CC No. 11697/2010.

3. After placing of the chargesheets, the accused persons moved the High Court in Criminal OP No. 14759-14762 of 2011 for quashing of the criminal proceedings. During the G pendency of the cases, the husband, accused No.1 breathed his last and thereafter before the High Court it was contended •• that she was not aware of any transaction done by her husband as she was working as a public servant and that apart she was not aware of the business activities carried on by her H 778 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A husband; that she had signed the documents as instructed by her husband without any intention or knowledge to cheat the banks; that after demise of her husband, she had come to know about the cases pending against her due to the alleged involvement of her husband and immediately she had taken B necessary steps to settle the entire dues of the banks and, therefore, there was no justification for continuance of the criminal proceedings. The stand and stance put forth by the accused person was combated bi the prosecution on the ground that she was in employment in Commercial Tax c Department ir:i the n~mk of Assistant Commissioner and had availed voluntary retirement and hence, she could not claim ignorance of the transaction despite being a co-applicant to the loans by executing the pronotes jointly along with her husband as a borrower and being a guarantor in respect of D the loans availed of by her husband from two banks. The quashment of the criminal proceedings was also resisted by the respondent Bank in Criminal O.P. No. 14762 of2011 that certain loan availed of by her husband had remained unpaid and One Time Settlement was arrived at without prejudice to E the rights regarding pending cases against her before the learned 11 1h Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai. Learned counsel for the accused had placed reliance on Nikhil Merchant v. Central Bureau of lnvestigation1, Manoj F Sharma v. State and others2, State of Karnataka v. L. Muneswamy3, Madhvrao Jiwajirao Scindia and others v. Sambhajirao Chandrojirao Angre and others4, Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. C.B.I., New Deihl', and Shiji @Pappu and others v. Radhika and another6 before the High Court G 1 (2008) 9 sec 677

2 (2008) 16 sec 1 • 3 (1977) 2 sec 699 • (1988) 1 sec 692 • (2002) 5 sec 257 H • (2011) 10 sec 705 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 779 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] for quashing of the criminal proceedings. On behalf of the · A prosecution, reliance was placed on Sushi/ Suri v. CBI and Anr.7 4. The High Court adverted to the authorities cited at the Bar and thereafter came to hold that as "No due certificate" B had been issued by the respective banking institutions and further settlements had been arrived at under the scheme, continuance of the prosecution would be an exercise in futility and, therefore, quashing of the criminal proceedings was required to prevent the abuse of the process of law. Being of C this view, the High ~ourt has quashed all the proceedings. 5. We have heard Mr. Subramonium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the appellant and Mr. Vivek Tankha, learned senior counsel for the first respondent. o

6. It is submitted by Mr. Subramonium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the State that regard being had to the facts and circumstances of the case, it was absolutely inapposite on the part of the High Court to quash the criminal proceedings E as the allegation by the prosecution pertain to availing of loan by depositing documents which were forged. It is urged by him that the plea taken by the respondent-accused that she was unaware of any transaction does not remotely appeal to the common sense and, in any case, such a plea cannot be F entertained for the purpose of quashing criminal cases. It is further urged that even if there are settlements and dues have been cleared, in such type of cases the accused cannot be absolved from the criminal culpability without the trial taking place. G 7. Resisting the aforesaid submissions it is canvassed by Mr. Tankha, learned senior counsel for the first respondent that when the High Court, considering the controversy from all 1 c2011) 5 sec ?OB H 780 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 9 S.C.R.

A the requisite angles has quashed the proceedings, this Court should not interfere with the impugned order in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution. Learned senior counsel would contend that when the respondent has already paid the amount due to the Bank from her own savings B and settled the matter with grieved financial institutions, continuance of the criminal proceeding is not desirable as it is unlikely to serve any fruitful purpose. That apart, submits Mr. Tankha, continuation of the proceeding would unnecessarily load the criminal justice dispensation system as there is C likelihood of an order of acquittal at the end of the trial. . 8. To appreciate t./le submissions advanced at the bar, we may straightaway refer to the authority in State of Maharashtra through CBI v. Vikram Anantrai Doshi and D others8. In the said case, the accused was charged for the offences punishable under Sections 120-B, 406, 420, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The allegation in the said case was that the accused no. 1 had obtained Letters of Credit from the State Bank of India and Dena Bank in favour of fictitious companies E formed by the accused and used the said Letters of Credit to siphon off the funds from the banks. During the pendency of the case, the accused settled the dispute with the Bank by paying the amount and the Bank in turn had issued no·due F certificate. The Court referred to case in CB/ v. A. Ravishankar Prasad and others9 , wherein the pronouncements in CB/ v. Duncans Agro Industries Ltd. 10 and Nikhil Merchant (supra) were distinguished. It is necessary to note that the Court in Ravi Shankar Prasad's G case referred to /nder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttarancha/11 and stated thus:-

• 2014 (10) SCALE 690 ·' (2009) e sec 351 10 (1996) 5 sec 581- H 11 (2007) 12 sec 1 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 781 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] 38. Let us consider the facts of this case and apply the A ratio of Goswami case where facts are as follows: (/) The allegations are. that the accused have committed serious offences such as forgery, fabrication of documents and used those documents B as genuine. ( //) The allegations are that the respondent-accused herein A. Ravishankar Prasad and A. Manohar Prasad have entered into a conspiracy with the Chairman and c Managing Director and other officials of Indian Bank, Chennai with the object of cheating Indian Bank in the matter of recommending, sanctioning, disbursing huge credit facilities running over hundreds of crores. D (///)Trial of all four cases are at an advanced stage in which 92 witnesses have already been examined. While applying the ratio of Goswami case, how can any court in its legitimate exercise of power under Section 482 CrPC quash the proceedings against accused A. E Ravishankar Prasad and A. Manohar Prasad in the face of the aforesaid allegations? in the instant case, wrong application of the ratio of the said judgment has led to grave miscarriage of justice.

39. Careful analysis of all these judgments clearly reveals that the exercise of inherent powers would entirely depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. The object of incorporating inherent powers in the Code is to prevent abuse of the process of the court or to secure G ends of justice. 40. Both English and the Indian courts have consistently taken the view that the inherent powers can be exercised in those exceptional cases where the allegations made H 782 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A in the first information report or the complaint, even if are taken on their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused. When we apply the settled legal position to the facts of this case it is not possible to B conclude that the complaint and the charge-sheet prima facie do not constitute any offence against the respondents." Being of this view, the Court in A. Ravishankar Prasad C (supra) allowed the appeal preferred by the CBI.

9. Apart from above, in Vikram Anantrai Doshi & Ors. (supra) the Court referred to Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and Another12 , with regard to the power of the High Court as o regards the quashing of the criminal proceedings on the basis of a compromise. This Court also referred to Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. 13, Dimpy Gujral v. Union Territory through Administrator14 and State of Rajasthan v. Sambhu Kevat15 and thereafter dwelt upon the ratio in CB/; E ACS, Mumbai v. Narendra Lal Jain & Ors. 16 wherein the charges were framed under Section 120-B read with Section 420 IPC. A passage from the said judgment was reproduced which is to the following effect:-F 'The offences are certainly more serious; they are not private in nature. The charge of conspiracy is to commit offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The accused has also been charged for commission of the substantive offence Under Section 471 Indian Penal G .12 (2012) 1o sec 303 13 (2014) 6 sec 466 1• AIR 2012 sew 5333 15 2013 (14) SCALE 235 H 1• (2014) 5 sec 364 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 783 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] Code. Though the amount due have been paid the same A is Uilder a private settlement between the parties unlike in Nikhil Merchant (supra) and Narendra Lal.

Jain (supra) where the compromise was a part of the decree of the Court. There is no acknowledgement on the part of the bank of the exoneration of the criminal · B liability of the aq;used-Appellant unlike the terms of compromise decree in the aforesaid two cases. In the totality of the facts stated above, if the High Court has taken the view that the exclusion spelt out in Gian Singh (supra) (para 61) applies to the present case and C on that basis had come to the conclusion that the power Under Section 482 Code of Criminal Procedure should not be exercised to quash the criminal case against the accused, we cannot find any justification to interfere with 0 the said decision." ·

10. After distinguishing many a decision, the Court relied upon Central Bureau of Investigation v. Jagjit Singh17 wherein the court being moved by the CBI had overturned the order of the High Court quashing the criminal E proceeding and in that backdrop had taken note of the fact that accused persons had dishonestly induced delivery of the property of the bank and had used forged documents as genuine. Thereafter, the Court proceeded to state that:- F · "23 ...... availing of money from a nationalized bank in the manner, as alleged by the investigating agency, vividly exposits fiscal impurity and, in a way, financial fraud. The modus operandi as narrated in the chargesheet cannot be put in the compartment of an individual or personal G wrong. It is a social wrong and it has immense .societal impact. It is an accepted principle of handling of finance that whenever, there is manipulation and cleverly 11 (2013) 1o sec 686 H 784 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A conceived contrivance to avail of these kind of benefits it cannot be regarded as a case having overwhelmingly and predominantingly of civil character. The ultimate victim is the collective. It creates a hazard in the financial interest of the society. The gravity of the offence creates a dent in the economic spine of the nation. The cleverness which has been skillfully contrived, if the allegations are true, has a serious consequence. A crime of this nature, in our view, would definitely fall in the category of offences c which travel far ahead of personal or private wrong. It has the potentiality to usher in economic crisis. Its implications have its own seriousness, for it creates a concavity in the solemnity that is expected in financial transactions. It is not such a case where one can pay the amount and obtain a "no due certificate" and enjoy the D benefit of quashing of the criminal proceeding on the hypostasis that nothing more remains to be done. The collective interest of which the Court is the guardian cannot be a silent or a mute spectator to allow the proceedings to be withdrawn, or for that matter yield to E the ingenuous dexterity of the accused persons to invoke the jurisdiction Under Article 226 of the Constitution or Under Section 482 of the Code and quash the proceeding. It is not legally permissible. The Court is F expected to be on guard to these kinds of adroit moves. The High Court, we humbly remind, should have dealt with the matter keeping in mind that in these kind of litigations the accused when perceives a tiny gleam of success, readily invokes the inherent jurisdiction for G quashing of the criminal proceeding. The court's principal duty, at that juncture, should be to scan the entire facts to find out the thrust of allegations and the crux of the settlement. It is the experience ,of the Judge comes to his aid and the said experience should be used with care, H caution, circumspection and courageous prudence." STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 785

VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

11. Recently, in CBI v. Maninder Singh18 , the allegation A against the accused was that bill of lading presented by the proprietors of the accused firms were found forged and cases were registered under Section 120-B IPC read with Section 420 IPC and Section 5(2) read with Section 5(1) (d) of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 and further substantive B offences under Sections 420, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The accused person arrived at a settlement with the Bank and thereafter moved the High Court under Section 482 CrPC for quashing of the FIR. The High Court placed reliance on the decision in Nikhil Merchant (supra) and allowed the petition C and directed for quashing of the criminal proceedings. This Court placed reliance on Vikram Anantrai Doshi and others (supra) and came to hold as follows:-"10. The allegation against the respondent is 'forgery' D for the purpose of cheating and use of forged documents as genuine in orderto embezzle the public money. After facing such serious charges of forgery, the Respondent wants the proceedings to be quashed on account of settlement with the bank. The development in means of E communication, science & technology etc. have led to an enormous increase in economic crimes viz. phishing, ATM frauds etc. which are being committed by intelligent but devious individuals involving huge sums of public or F government money. These are actually public wrongs or crimes committed against society and the gravity and magnitude attached to these offences is concentrated at public at large.

11. The inherent power of the High Court Under G Section 482 Code of Criminal Procedure should be sparingly used. Only when the Court comes to the . conclusion that there would be manifest injustice or there " 2015 (9) SCALE 365 H 786 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2015] 9 S.C.R. A would be abuse of the process of the Court if such power is not exercised, Court would quash the proceedings. In economic offences Court must not only keep in view that moriey has been paid to the bank which has been defrauded but also the society at large. It is not a case of B simple assault or a theft of a trivial amount; but the offence with which we are concerned is a well planned and was committed with a deliberate design with an eye of personal profit regardless of consequence to the society at large. To quash the proceeding merely on the ground c that the accused has settled the amount with the bank would be a misplaced sympathy."

12. Testing the present controversy on the anvil of the aforesaid principles, we are disposed to think that the High D Court has been erroneously guided by the ambit and sweep of power under Section 482 CrPC for quashing the proceedings. It has absolutely fallaciously opined that the continuance of the proceeding will be the abuse of the process of the Court. It has been categorically held in Janta Dal v. E H.S. Chowdhary19 , that the inherent power under Section 482 CrPC though unrestricted and undefined should not be capriciously or arbitrarily exercised, but should be exercised in appropriate cases, ex debito justitiae to do real and F substantial justice for the administration of which alone the courts exist. In lnder Mohan Goswami (supra), it has been emphasised that inherent powers have to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with great caution. 13. We will be failing in our duty unless we advert to the G proponements propounded with regard to other aspects. They are really matters of concern and deserve to be addressed. The submission as put forth is that the first respondent is a lady and she was following the command of her husband and H ,. (1992) 4 sec 305 S"'fATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 787 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

signed the documents without being aware about the A transactions entered into by the husband and nature of the business. The allegation in the chargesheet is that she has signed the pronotes. That apart, as further alleged, she is a co-applicant in two cases and guarantor in other two cases. She was an Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes B and after taking voluntary retirement she has joined the public life, and became a member of the 'Rajya Sabha'. Emphasis is also laid that she is a lady and there is no warrant to continue the criminal proceeding when she has paid the dues of the banks, and if anything further is due that shall be made good. C The assertions as regards the ignorance are a mere pretence · and sans substance given the facts. Lack of awareness, ·knowledge or intent is neither to be considered nor accepted in economic offences. The submission assiduously presented 0 on gender leaves us unimpressed. An offence under the criminal law is an offence and it does not depend upon the gender of an accused. True it is, th~re are certain provisions in CrPC relating to exercise of jurisdiction under Section 437, etc. therein but that altogether pertains to a different sphere. A E person committing a murder or getting involved in a financial scam or forgery of documents, cannot claim discharge or acquittal on the ground of her gender as that is neither constitutionally nor statutorily a valid argument. The offence is gender neutral in this case. We say no more on this score. F

14. As far as the load on the criminal justice dispensation system is concerned it has an insegragable nexus with speedy trial. A grave criminal offence or serious economic offence or for that matter the offence that has the potentiality to create a G dent in the financial health of the institutions, is not to be quashed on the ground thatthere is delay in trial or the principle that when the matter has been settled it should be quashed to avoid the load on the system. That can never be an acceptable H 788 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A principle or parameter, for that would amount to destroying the stem cells of law and order in many a realm and further strengthen the marrows of the unscrupulous litigations. Such a situation should never be conceived of. B 15. In view of the aforesaid analysis, we allow the appeal, set aside the order passed by the High Court and direct the trial magistrate to proceed in accordance with law. Devika Gujral Appeal allowed.

[2015] 9 S.C.R. 772 A STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CENTRAL CRIME BRANCH v. R. VASANTHI STANLEY &ANR. B (Criminal Appeal Nos.2006-2009 of 2014) SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 [Of PAK MISRA AND PRAFULLA C. PANT, JJ.]

c Code of Criminal Procedure, 19 73: s. 482 - Quashing of criminal proceedings - Charge sheet filed against the first respondent on the ground that she along with her husband by forging documents obtained loans from various banks -s.482 application filed before the High Court - During o pendency of the matter, the husband of the first respondent died - Plea of first respondent that after demise of her husband, she came to know about the cas~s pending against her due to the alleged involvement of her husband and that she being lady was following the command of her husband E and signed the documents without being aware about the transactions entered into by the husband and nature of the business and that immediately she had take!} necessary steps to settle the entire dues of the banks and, therefore, there was no justification for continuance of the criminal F proceedin'gs - High Court quashed the proceedings- Held: High Court erred in quashing the proceedings - The assertions as regards the ignorance are a mere .pretence and sans substance given the facts - Lack of awareness, knowledge or intent is neither to be considered nor accepted .G in economic offence -: An offence under the criminal law is an offence and it does not depend upon the gender of an accused- Moreover proceedings cannot be quashed on the ground that the accused settled the amount with the bank. H 772 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 773 VASANTHI STANLEY

Allowing the appeal, the Court A HELD: 1. A person committing a murder or getting involved in a financial scam or forgery of documents, cannot claim discharge or acquittal on the ground of her gender as that is neither constitutionally nor statutorily B a valid argument. The offence is gender neutral in this case. A grave criminal offence or serious economic offence or for that matter the offence that has the potentiality to create a dent in the financial health of the institutions, is notto be quashed on the ground thatthere C is delay in trial or the principle that when the matter has been settled it should be quashed to avoid the load on the system. That can never be an acceptable principle or parameter, for that would amount to destroying the stem cells of law and order in many a realm and further D strengthen the marrows of the unscrupulous litigations. [Paras 13, 14] [787-E-H; 788-A] Janta Dal v. H. S. Chowdhary 1992 (1) Suppl. SCR 226: (1992) 4 SCC 305; CBI v. Maninder Singh 2015 (9) SCALE E 365; State of Maharashtra through CBI v. Vikram Anantrai Doshi and others 2014 (10) SCALE 690 - relied on. Nikhil Merchant v. Central Bureau of Investigation 2008 (12) SCR 236: (2008) 9 SCC 677; Manoj Sharma v. State F and others 2008 (14) SCR 539: (2008) 16 sec 1; State of Kamataka v. L. MunesM1amy 1977 (3) SCR 113: (1977) 2 SCC 699; Madhvrao Jiwajirao Scindia and others v.

Sambhajirao Chandrojirao Angre and others 1988 (2) SCR 930: (1988) 1 SCC 692; Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. C.B. I., G New Delhi (2002) 5 SCC 257; Shiji@ Pappu and other~ v. Radhika and another 2011 (13) SCR 135: (2011) 10 SCC 705; Sushi/ Suri v. CBI and Anr. 2011 (8) SCR 1: (2011) 5 SCC 708; CBI v. A. Ravishankar Prasad and others (2009) 6 SCC 351; CBI v. Duncans Agro Industries Ltd. (1996) 5 H 774 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A SCC 581; lnder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttaranchal 2007 (10) SCR 847: (2007) 12 SCC 1; Gian Singh v. State of Punjab andAnother2012 (8) SCR 753: (2012) 10 SCC 303; Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. 2014 (4) SCR 1012: (2014) 6 SCC 466; Dimpy Gujral v. Union B Territory through Administrator AIR 2012 SCW 5333; State ofRajasthan v. Sambhu Kevat2013 (14) SCALE 235; CBI, ACB, Mumbai v. Narendra Lal Jain & Ors. 2014 (3) SCR 444: (2014) 5 SCC 364; Central Bureau of Investigation v. c Jagjit Singh 2013 (17) SCR 361: (2013) 1 o sec 686 -referred to. Case Law Reference 2008 (12) SCR 236 referred to. Para 3 D 2008 (14) SCR 539 referred to. Para 3 1977 (3) SCR 113 referred to. Para 3. 1988 (2) SCR 930 referred to. Para 3 E (2002) 5 sec 257 referred to. Para 3 2011 (13) SCR 135 referred to. Para 3 2011 (8) SCR 1 referred to. Para 3 F 2014 (10) SCALE 690 relied on. Para 8 (2009) 6 sec 351 referred to. Para 8 (1996) 5 sec 581 referred to. Para 8 G

.2007 (10) SCR 847 referred to. Para 8 2012 (8) SCR 753 referred to. Para 9 2014 (4) SCR 1012 referred to. Para 9 H STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE. CCB v. R. 775 VASANTHI STANLEY AIR 2012 sew 5333 referred to. Para 9 A 2013 (14) SCALE 235 referred to. Para 9 2014 (3) SCR 444 referred to. Para 9 2013 (17) SCR 361 referred to. Para 10 B 2015 (9) SCALE 365 relied on. Para 11 . 1992 (1) Suppl. SCR 226 relied on. Para 12 CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal c Nos. 2006-2009 of 2014. From the Judgment and Order dated 24.01.2012 of the High Court of Madras in Crl. O.P. {MO) Nos. 14759 to 14762 of2011. D Subramonium Prasad, M. Yogesh Kanna, Jayant Patel for the Appella11t.

Vivek Tankha, Kumanan, Senthil Jagadeesan, Shruti Iyer, E Govind Manoharan, Suchitra Kumbhat, Jinendra Jain, Puneet Taneja, Shaheen, Sudarsh Menon for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by DIPAK MISRA, J. 1. The seminal issues that emanate F for consideration, unequivocally on the bedrock of fiscal sanctity and decidedly on the plinth of prevalent mindset of borrowers from public financial institutions including banks, are whether a borrower or borrowers after availing finance by G creating mortgage on the base of certain documents which, as alleged, are forged, and ingeniously adopt the same modus .. operandi to avail the benefit from number of banks, who in due course facing the problerrrset the criminal law in motion by lodging different Fl Rs and in the ultimate eventuate in an H adroit manrier enter into settlements and pay the amount and · 776 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A thereafter, knock at the doors of the High Court seeking exercise of inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) or the extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution for quashment of the criminal proceedings; a11d should the High Court on the B foundation that the continuance of the criminal proceedings. would be a Sisyphean endeavour after the settlement has taken place to quash the same; and further whether a former Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes can be allowed to advance a plea, obviously a remarkable one, that she had C signed the documents either as a guarantor or as a co-applicant, showing deference to her late husband's desire; and, therefore, this Court, in exercise of power under Article 136 of the Constitution, should not unsettle the common order by which D the High Court has quashed criminal proceedings. Additionally, it has also become obligatory to decisively lay down whether continuance of such proceedings would be an unnecessary load on the criminal justice dispensation system and hence, there is neither any warrant nor justification for interference E with the order of the High Court. We are invited by the astute proponements to dwell upon the said issues, and we shall do so in due course of our delineation.

2. The fadual narrative has a narrow compass. The first F respondent, accused no.2, along with her husband submitted an application for home loan to the Centurion Bank of Punjab, presently known as HDFC Bank Ltd. for a sum of Rs.6 lakhs by depositing the sale deed dated 31.10.2001. The HDFC Bank found that documents were forged and accordingly filed G a complaint with the Commissioner of Police, Chennai on 20.12.2005 which eventually gave rise to registration of FIR No. 579/06 dated 19. 7.2006. Another FIR came to be lodged on 3.8 .. 2006 by Bank of India, qathedral Branch from which the couple had availed a loan of Rs.25 lakhs for a Company H Development (Medicrops and Medige!) on the grounds that STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 777 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

the documents were forged. On 10.7.2006, Vijaya Bank, GN. A Chetty Road Branch filed a complaint that the husband of the accused had applied for a mortgage loan of Rs.18 lakhs with forged documents by depositing the title deed and the wife stood as a surety. Taking into consideration the complaints lodged by the aforesaid banks, the Inspector of Police, Central B Crime Branch, Team-XII, Egmore Chennai, registered the FIRs and commenced the investigation. When the matter stood thus, the Syndicate Bank, Mylapore Branch filed a complaint with the Commissioner of Police, Chennai on 11.01.2007 to the effect that the husband of the first respondent herein had C submitted an application for grant of honie improvement loan for a sum of Rs.12 lakhs with forged documents and the wife was the guarantor and on that basis another FIR was registered and investigation took place. Thus, the first respondent was D a co-applicant in respect of the loans availed from HDFC Bank and Bank of India and was a guarantor in respect of the loans availed from Vijaya Bank and Syndicate Bank. FIR Nos. in respect of HDFC Bank, Bank of India, Vijaya Bank and Syndicate Bank were 579/06, 643/06, 550/06 and 206/07 E respectively. After due investigation, chargesheets were filed before the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore, Chennai and Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidepet, Chennai and the proceedings before the trial court were instituted bearing CC No. 1624/2010, CC No. 5669/2010, CC No. 6258/2010 and F CC No. 11697/2010.

3. After placing of the chargesheets, the accused persons moved the High Court in Criminal OP No. 14759-14762 of 2011 for quashing of the criminal proceedings. During the G pendency of the cases, the husband, accused No.1 breathed his last and thereafter before the High Court it was contended •• that she was not aware of any transaction done by her husband as she was working as a public servant and that apart she was not aware of the business activities carried on by her H 778 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A husband; that she had signed the documents as instructed by her husband without any intention or knowledge to cheat the banks; that after demise of her husband, she had come to know about the cases pending against her due to the alleged involvement of her husband and immediately she had taken B necessary steps to settle the entire dues of the banks and, therefore, there was no justification for continuance of the criminal proceedings. The stand and stance put forth by the accused person was combated bi the prosecution on the ground that she was in employment in Commercial Tax c Department ir:i the n~mk of Assistant Commissioner and had availed voluntary retirement and hence, she could not claim ignorance of the transaction despite being a co-applicant to the loans by executing the pronotes jointly along with her husband as a borrower and being a guarantor in respect of D the loans availed of by her husband from two banks. The quashment of the criminal proceedings was also resisted by the respondent Bank in Criminal O.P. No. 14762 of2011 that certain loan availed of by her husband had remained unpaid and One Time Settlement was arrived at without prejudice to E the rights regarding pending cases against her before the learned 11 1h Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet, Chennai. Learned counsel for the accused had placed reliance on Nikhil Merchant v. Central Bureau of lnvestigation1, Manoj F Sharma v. State and others2, State of Karnataka v. L. Muneswamy3, Madhvrao Jiwajirao Scindia and others v. Sambhajirao Chandrojirao Angre and others4, Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. C.B.I., New Deihl', and Shiji @Pappu and others v. Radhika and another6 before the High Court G 1 (2008) 9 sec 677

2 (2008) 16 sec 1 • 3 (1977) 2 sec 699 • (1988) 1 sec 692 • (2002) 5 sec 257 H • (2011) 10 sec 705 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 779 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] for quashing of the criminal proceedings. On behalf of the · A prosecution, reliance was placed on Sushi/ Suri v. CBI and Anr.7 4. The High Court adverted to the authorities cited at the Bar and thereafter came to hold that as "No due certificate" B had been issued by the respective banking institutions and further settlements had been arrived at under the scheme, continuance of the prosecution would be an exercise in futility and, therefore, quashing of the criminal proceedings was required to prevent the abuse of the process of law. Being of C this view, the High ~ourt has quashed all the proceedings. 5. We have heard Mr. Subramonium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the appellant and Mr. Vivek Tankha, learned senior counsel for the first respondent. o

6. It is submitted by Mr. Subramonium Prasad, learned senior counsel for the State that regard being had to the facts and circumstances of the case, it was absolutely inapposite on the part of the High Court to quash the criminal proceedings E as the allegation by the prosecution pertain to availing of loan by depositing documents which were forged. It is urged by him that the plea taken by the respondent-accused that she was unaware of any transaction does not remotely appeal to the common sense and, in any case, such a plea cannot be F entertained for the purpose of quashing criminal cases. It is further urged that even if there are settlements and dues have been cleared, in such type of cases the accused cannot be absolved from the criminal culpability without the trial taking place. G 7. Resisting the aforesaid submissions it is canvassed by Mr. Tankha, learned senior counsel for the first respondent that when the High Court, considering the controversy from all 1 c2011) 5 sec ?OB H 780 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015) 9 S.C.R.

A the requisite angles has quashed the proceedings, this Court should not interfere with the impugned order in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution. Learned senior counsel would contend that when the respondent has already paid the amount due to the Bank from her own savings B and settled the matter with grieved financial institutions, continuance of the criminal proceeding is not desirable as it is unlikely to serve any fruitful purpose. That apart, submits Mr. Tankha, continuation of the proceeding would unnecessarily load the criminal justice dispensation system as there is C likelihood of an order of acquittal at the end of the trial. . 8. To appreciate t./le submissions advanced at the bar, we may straightaway refer to the authority in State of Maharashtra through CBI v. Vikram Anantrai Doshi and D others8. In the said case, the accused was charged for the offences punishable under Sections 120-B, 406, 420, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The allegation in the said case was that the accused no. 1 had obtained Letters of Credit from the State Bank of India and Dena Bank in favour of fictitious companies E formed by the accused and used the said Letters of Credit to siphon off the funds from the banks. During the pendency of the case, the accused settled the dispute with the Bank by paying the amount and the Bank in turn had issued no·due F certificate. The Court referred to case in CB/ v. A. Ravishankar Prasad and others9 , wherein the pronouncements in CB/ v. Duncans Agro Industries Ltd. 10 and Nikhil Merchant (supra) were distinguished. It is necessary to note that the Court in Ravi Shankar Prasad's G case referred to /nder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttarancha/11 and stated thus:-

• 2014 (10) SCALE 690 ·' (2009) e sec 351 10 (1996) 5 sec 581- H 11 (2007) 12 sec 1 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 781 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] 38. Let us consider the facts of this case and apply the A ratio of Goswami case where facts are as follows: (/) The allegations are. that the accused have committed serious offences such as forgery, fabrication of documents and used those documents B as genuine. ( //) The allegations are that the respondent-accused herein A. Ravishankar Prasad and A. Manohar Prasad have entered into a conspiracy with the Chairman and c Managing Director and other officials of Indian Bank, Chennai with the object of cheating Indian Bank in the matter of recommending, sanctioning, disbursing huge credit facilities running over hundreds of crores. D (///)Trial of all four cases are at an advanced stage in which 92 witnesses have already been examined. While applying the ratio of Goswami case, how can any court in its legitimate exercise of power under Section 482 CrPC quash the proceedings against accused A. E Ravishankar Prasad and A. Manohar Prasad in the face of the aforesaid allegations? in the instant case, wrong application of the ratio of the said judgment has led to grave miscarriage of justice.

39. Careful analysis of all these judgments clearly reveals that the exercise of inherent powers would entirely depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. The object of incorporating inherent powers in the Code is to prevent abuse of the process of the court or to secure G ends of justice. 40. Both English and the Indian courts have consistently taken the view that the inherent powers can be exercised in those exceptional cases where the allegations made H 782 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A in the first information report or the complaint, even if are taken on their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused. When we apply the settled legal position to the facts of this case it is not possible to B conclude that the complaint and the charge-sheet prima facie do not constitute any offence against the respondents." Being of this view, the Court in A. Ravishankar Prasad C (supra) allowed the appeal preferred by the CBI.

9. Apart from above, in Vikram Anantrai Doshi & Ors. (supra) the Court referred to Gian Singh v. State of Punjab and Another12 , with regard to the power of the High Court as o regards the quashing of the criminal proceedings on the basis of a compromise. This Court also referred to Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. 13, Dimpy Gujral v. Union Territory through Administrator14 and State of Rajasthan v. Sambhu Kevat15 and thereafter dwelt upon the ratio in CB/; E ACS, Mumbai v. Narendra Lal Jain & Ors. 16 wherein the charges were framed under Section 120-B read with Section 420 IPC. A passage from the said judgment was reproduced which is to the following effect:-F 'The offences are certainly more serious; they are not private in nature. The charge of conspiracy is to commit offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The accused has also been charged for commission of the substantive offence Under Section 471 Indian Penal G .12 (2012) 1o sec 303 13 (2014) 6 sec 466 1• AIR 2012 sew 5333 15 2013 (14) SCALE 235 H 1• (2014) 5 sec 364 STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 783 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.] Code. Though the amount due have been paid the same A is Uilder a private settlement between the parties unlike in Nikhil Merchant (supra) and Narendra Lal.

Jain (supra) where the compromise was a part of the decree of the Court. There is no acknowledgement on the part of the bank of the exoneration of the criminal · B liability of the aq;used-Appellant unlike the terms of compromise decree in the aforesaid two cases. In the totality of the facts stated above, if the High Court has taken the view that the exclusion spelt out in Gian Singh (supra) (para 61) applies to the present case and C on that basis had come to the conclusion that the power Under Section 482 Code of Criminal Procedure should not be exercised to quash the criminal case against the accused, we cannot find any justification to interfere with 0 the said decision." ·

10. After distinguishing many a decision, the Court relied upon Central Bureau of Investigation v. Jagjit Singh17 wherein the court being moved by the CBI had overturned the order of the High Court quashing the criminal E proceeding and in that backdrop had taken note of the fact that accused persons had dishonestly induced delivery of the property of the bank and had used forged documents as genuine. Thereafter, the Court proceeded to state that:- F · "23 ...... availing of money from a nationalized bank in the manner, as alleged by the investigating agency, vividly exposits fiscal impurity and, in a way, financial fraud. The modus operandi as narrated in the chargesheet cannot be put in the compartment of an individual or personal G wrong. It is a social wrong and it has immense .societal impact. It is an accepted principle of handling of finance that whenever, there is manipulation and cleverly 11 (2013) 1o sec 686 H 784 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R.

A conceived contrivance to avail of these kind of benefits it cannot be regarded as a case having overwhelmingly and predominantingly of civil character. The ultimate victim is the collective. It creates a hazard in the financial interest of the society. The gravity of the offence creates a dent in the economic spine of the nation. The cleverness which has been skillfully contrived, if the allegations are true, has a serious consequence. A crime of this nature, in our view, would definitely fall in the category of offences c which travel far ahead of personal or private wrong. It has the potentiality to usher in economic crisis. Its implications have its own seriousness, for it creates a concavity in the solemnity that is expected in financial transactions. It is not such a case where one can pay the amount and obtain a "no due certificate" and enjoy the D benefit of quashing of the criminal proceeding on the hypostasis that nothing more remains to be done. The collective interest of which the Court is the guardian cannot be a silent or a mute spectator to allow the proceedings to be withdrawn, or for that matter yield to E the ingenuous dexterity of the accused persons to invoke the jurisdiction Under Article 226 of the Constitution or Under Section 482 of the Code and quash the proceeding. It is not legally permissible. The Court is F expected to be on guard to these kinds of adroit moves. The High Court, we humbly remind, should have dealt with the matter keeping in mind that in these kind of litigations the accused when perceives a tiny gleam of success, readily invokes the inherent jurisdiction for G quashing of the criminal proceeding. The court's principal duty, at that juncture, should be to scan the entire facts to find out the thrust of allegations and the crux of the settlement. It is the experience ,of the Judge comes to his aid and the said experience should be used with care, H caution, circumspection and courageous prudence." STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 785

VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

11. Recently, in CBI v. Maninder Singh18 , the allegation A against the accused was that bill of lading presented by the proprietors of the accused firms were found forged and cases were registered under Section 120-B IPC read with Section 420 IPC and Section 5(2) read with Section 5(1) (d) of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 and further substantive B offences under Sections 420, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The accused person arrived at a settlement with the Bank and thereafter moved the High Court under Section 482 CrPC for quashing of the FIR. The High Court placed reliance on the decision in Nikhil Merchant (supra) and allowed the petition C and directed for quashing of the criminal proceedings. This Court placed reliance on Vikram Anantrai Doshi and others (supra) and came to hold as follows:-"10. The allegation against the respondent is 'forgery' D for the purpose of cheating and use of forged documents as genuine in orderto embezzle the public money. After facing such serious charges of forgery, the Respondent wants the proceedings to be quashed on account of settlement with the bank. The development in means of E communication, science & technology etc. have led to an enormous increase in economic crimes viz. phishing, ATM frauds etc. which are being committed by intelligent but devious individuals involving huge sums of public or F government money. These are actually public wrongs or crimes committed against society and the gravity and magnitude attached to these offences is concentrated at public at large.

11. The inherent power of the High Court Under G Section 482 Code of Criminal Procedure should be sparingly used. Only when the Court comes to the . conclusion that there would be manifest injustice or there " 2015 (9) SCALE 365 H 786 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2015] 9 S.C.R. A would be abuse of the process of the Court if such power is not exercised, Court would quash the proceedings. In economic offences Court must not only keep in view that moriey has been paid to the bank which has been defrauded but also the society at large. It is not a case of B simple assault or a theft of a trivial amount; but the offence with which we are concerned is a well planned and was committed with a deliberate design with an eye of personal profit regardless of consequence to the society at large. To quash the proceeding merely on the ground c that the accused has settled the amount with the bank would be a misplaced sympathy."

12. Testing the present controversy on the anvil of the aforesaid principles, we are disposed to think that the High D Court has been erroneously guided by the ambit and sweep of power under Section 482 CrPC for quashing the proceedings. It has absolutely fallaciously opined that the continuance of the proceeding will be the abuse of the process of the Court. It has been categorically held in Janta Dal v. E H.S. Chowdhary19 , that the inherent power under Section 482 CrPC though unrestricted and undefined should not be capriciously or arbitrarily exercised, but should be exercised in appropriate cases, ex debito justitiae to do real and F substantial justice for the administration of which alone the courts exist. In lnder Mohan Goswami (supra), it has been emphasised that inherent powers have to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with great caution. 13. We will be failing in our duty unless we advert to the G proponements propounded with regard to other aspects. They are really matters of concern and deserve to be addressed. The submission as put forth is that the first respondent is a lady and she was following the command of her husband and H ,. (1992) 4 sec 305 S"'fATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE CCB v. R. 787 VASANTHI STANLEY [DIPAK MISRA, J.]

signed the documents without being aware about the A transactions entered into by the husband and nature of the business. The allegation in the chargesheet is that she has signed the pronotes. That apart, as further alleged, she is a co-applicant in two cases and guarantor in other two cases. She was an Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes B and after taking voluntary retirement she has joined the public life, and became a member of the 'Rajya Sabha'. Emphasis is also laid that she is a lady and there is no warrant to continue the criminal proceeding when she has paid the dues of the banks, and if anything further is due that shall be made good. C The assertions as regards the ignorance are a mere pretence · and sans substance given the facts. Lack of awareness, ·knowledge or intent is neither to be considered nor accepted in economic offences. The submission assiduously presented 0 on gender leaves us unimpressed. An offence under the criminal law is an offence and it does not depend upon the gender of an accused. True it is, th~re are certain provisions in CrPC relating to exercise of jurisdiction under Section 437, etc. therein but that altogether pertains to a different sphere. A E person committing a murder or getting involved in a financial scam or forgery of documents, cannot claim discharge or acquittal on the ground of her gender as that is neither constitutionally nor statutorily a valid argument. The offence is gender neutral in this case. We say no more on this score. F

14. As far as the load on the criminal justice dispensation system is concerned it has an insegragable nexus with speedy trial. A grave criminal offence or serious economic offence or for that matter the offence that has the potentiality to create a G dent in the financial health of the institutions, is not to be quashed on the ground thatthere is delay in trial or the principle that when the matter has been settled it should be quashed to avoid the load on the system. That can never be an acceptable H 788 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2015] 9 S.C.R. A principle or parameter, for that would amount to destroying the stem cells of law and order in many a realm and further strengthen the marrows of the unscrupulous litigations. Such a situation should never be conceived of. B 15. In view of the aforesaid analysis, we allow the appeal, set aside the order passed by the High Court and direct the trial magistrate to proceed in accordance with law. Devika Gujral Appeal allowed.