[2014] 5 S.C.R. 493 BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. A v. RAJESH VERMA & ORS. (Contempt Petition (C) NO. 374 OF 2012) IN C. A. No. 2790 OF 2012 B APRIL 22, 2014 [SURINDER SINGH NIJJAR AND A. K. SIKRI, JJ.] Contempt of Court: c

Order of Supreme Court - Non-implementation of - In terms of an MOU, State Government had committed to recommend to Central Government for grant of iron ore mines in favour of appellant for use in it~ proposed plant - Pursuant 0 thereto appellant set up the plant with huge investment -Order of Supreme Caurt in appeal directing the State Government to take steps in terms of MOU- No-compliance of - Held: Respondents/contemners do not dispute that the directions contained in the judgment have become final - E However, State Government!Contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certairi circumstances ·and developments as also the statutory mandate embodied in s. · 11(4) of the MMDR Act - Held: Contemners cannot raise such a plea to avoid implementation of directions issued by Court - As far as the law- laid down in Sandur Manganese, F that may be applied in application that are pending -Respondents are in contempt of orders dated 14. 3. 2012 passed by the Court, in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area --:- However, they are given one final opportunity to purge the contempt by transmitting requisite G recommendations to the Central Government -:-- It. would be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. 493 H 494 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R .. A Constitution of India, 1950:

Alt. 32 - Writ petition - Claiming simll~r relief with regard to grant of mining lease as was directed in the case of appellant in its appeal - Held: Petitioners cannot approach the Coult directly under Alt. 32 of the Constitution by filing writ8 petitions, as no fundamental right of th~ petitioners is violated by non-granting of mining lease - However, petitioners are at libelty to approach High Coult in the first instance and! or any other forum which is available, as per law.

C In terms of MOU dated 15.5.2002 entered into between the contempt-petitioner-appellant and the State Government of Orissa, the latter recommended to the Central Government grant of irpn ore mines ih favour of the appellant for use of iron ore in proposed plant. For D this purpose, Thakurani area with 96 million tonnes iron ore reserve and Keora area with additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore were earmarked for 50 years requirement of the plant. The. plant was set up, but, due to family dispute, which was subsequently resolved, E there arose some difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. Meanwhile in 2006, the State Government took a decision that mining lease over Thakurani area could not be allowed in favour of the appellant, and made a recommendation to Central Government to grant mining F lease in favour of "NM(P) Ltd.". The appellant challenged these orders before the High Court in a writ petition, which was dismissed. However, the appeal of the appellant (C.A. No. 279012012) was allowed by the Supreme Court by its order dated 14.3.2012, with the G direction to the State Government to take appropriate steps to act in terms of MOU dated 15.5.2002 as also its earlier commitments to recommend the case of the appellants to the Central Government for grant of adequate iron ore reserve to meet the requirement of the H appellants' steel plant. The directions were implemented BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v."·' RAJ ESH 495 VERMA

with regard to Thakurani area, but the same were not A implemente'd as regards Ke.ora area. Aggrieved, the appellant filed the contempt petition. The State Government filed I.A. No. 14 of 2013 giving details of subsequent developments, whi(:h according to the State Government made. it difficult to recommend the case of B the appellant. It was also stated that the issue which was dealt with by Supreme Court in Sandur Managenese, 1 was not raised in the appellants' vyrit petition or in their appeal. I.A. No. 2 in 1..A. No. 14 of 2013 was filed by another company against the status quo order passed in the c applications of the appellant. The petitioners in other three writ petitions claimed that benefit granted to the appe~nt by order 14.3.2012 in C.A. No. 2790/2012, be also extended to them.

D Disposing of the matters, the Court HELD: 1.1. The appellant, by means of the contempt petition, is seeking the ~nforcement of the directions contained in its favour in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. The State Government E has exhibited helplessness in carrying out the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 even qua the beneficiary of the said judgment namely, the appellant. In the MOU entered into between the parties, the State Government had committed to recommend to the Central F Government, for grant of iron ore mines to the appellant for use in its proposed plant. Pursuant to the grant of permissions by various authorities enabling the appellant to get the land, electricity, permission for installation of a Captive Power Plant etc. etc., it set up the plant with an G investment of Rs. 25,000 crores. It is further mentioned that for running of this steel plant, uninterrupted supply of iron ore is essential. This plant was set up in a 1. Sandur Manganese and Iron Ors. v. State of Kamataka 2010 (11) SCR ~~ H 496 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A backward area of Orissa persuant to the scheme of ttie State Government. The Court held that MOU dated 15.5.2002 still subsisted in favour of the appellant and also that State Government was under obligation to make recommendations as per the said MOU. [Para 13-16] [506· B F, G-H; 507-D, G-H; 508-A, F, G]

1.2. In so far as reserve of 96 million tonnes of iron ore in Thakurani mines is concerned, the State Government had made the recommendation to the Central C Government, which also approved the same in favour of the appellant. As regards a reserve of 128 million tonnes in Keora mines, the respondents/ contemners do not dispute (and in fact there is no scope for any dispute) that the directions contained in the judgment have become final. One would, therefore, command for obeying these D directions. However, the State Government/contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certain circumstances and developments as also the statutory mandate embodied in s. 11 (4) of the MMDR Act, 1957 which, are stated to have come in the way of the E respondent State in implementing the final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 in so far it relates to the Keora area. [Paras 17 -19] [510-A-C; 512-8-C]

1.3. The respondents cannot raise a plea to avoid F implementation of the directions contained in the judgment. It is significant to note that there is a judgment, inter partes, which has become final. Even when the civil appeal was being heard, certain other parties claiming their interest in these very lands had moved intervention G applications which were dismissed. At that time also it was mentioned that there are 195 applicants. However, notwithstanding the same, this Court issued firm directions to the State Government to recommend the case of the petitior:iers for mining lease in both the areas. H In view of such categorical and unambiguous directions BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 497 VERMA -giv~!'.I in the judgment which has attained finality, merely A because another judgment has been delivered by this Court in Sandur Manganese case, cannot be a ground to undo the_ directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012. [Para 20 and 24] [512-B-C; 515-C-E] B T.R. Dhananjaya vs J. Vasudevan 1995 (3) Suppl. SCR EM~; Prithawi Nath Ram v. State of64 = (1995) 5 SCC Jharkhand and Others; 2004 (3) Suppl. SCR 740 = (2004) 7 SCC 261; Bihar Finance Service H. C. Coop. Soc. Ltd. v. Gautam Goswami and Ors.; (2008) 5 sec 339 - relied on. c Sandur Manganese and Iron Ore vs State of Karnataka 2010 (11) SCR 240 = (2010) 13 SCC 1 - referred to,

1.4. In so far as law laid down in Sandur Manganese is concerned, that may be applied and followed by the D State Government in respect of other applications which are still pending. However, that cannot be pressed into service qua the appellant whose rights have been crystallised by the judgment rendered in its favour. It cannot be 're-opened, that too at the stage of E implementation of the said judgment. [Para 24] [515-E-F] 1.5. Once the respondents are bound to implement the direction contained in judgment dated 14.3.2012, in so far as the State Government is concerned, it is obliged to comply therewith and such matters, alongwith other F relevant considerations, can be left to the wisdom ,of the Central Government while taking a decision on the recommendation of the State Government. [Para 25] [516-B-C] G 1.6. This Court, therefore, holds that the respondents/ contemners are in contempt of orders dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Court, in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area. However, they are given one final · opportunity to purge the contempt by transmitting H 498 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2014) 5 S.C.R.

A requisite recommendations to the Central Government. It would be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. In case the recommendation is sent within one month, the respondents/ contemners shall stand B discharged from the contempt petition and no further action will be taken. However, in case the respondents do not purge in the manner suggested, it would be open to the petitioners to point out the same to this Court by moving appropriate application and in that event the c contemners shall be proceeded against. [Para 27] [517-8-E] 2. In so far as three writ petitions are concerned, they claim on the basis of parity with the appellant. However, on the basis of such a plea, the petitioners in the said D petitions cannot approach this Court directly under Art. 32 of the Constitution by filing writ petitions, as no fundamental right of the petitioners is violated by non-granting of mining lease. However, the petitioners are at liberty to approach the High Court in the first instance E and/ or any other forum which is available, as per law. [Paras 29 and 30] [517-F, G-H; 518-A, C-0] Monnet !spat & Energy Ltd. V. U.0.1 & Ors. 2012 (7) SCR 644 = (2012) 11 SCC 1; State of Assam v. Om Prakash F Mehta 1973 (3) SCR 169 = (1973) 1 SCC 584 - relied on. Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India & Anr. 1998 (2) SCR 795 = (1998) 4 SCC 409 - referred to. Case Law Reference:

G 2010 (11) SCR 240 referred to para 5 1995 (3) Suppl. SCR 64 relied on para 21 2004 (3) Suppl. SCR 740 relied on para 22 H 2008 (3) SCR-1.t37 reUed on para 23 BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJESH 499 VERMA 1998 (2) SCR 795 referred to para 26 A 2012 (7) SCR 644 relied on para 29 1973 (3) SCR 169 relied on para 29 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Contempt Petition (C) B No. 374 of 2012. In Civil Appeal No. 27~0 of 2012. . . c From the Judgment & Order dated 14.12.2007 passed by the Hgih Court of Orissa at Cuttack in W.P.(C) No. 6646 of 2006. WITH D W.P.(C) Nos. 60, 194, 837 of 2013. {A. No. 14 &I.A. No. 2 in I.A. No. 14 in C.A. No. 2790 of 2012. L. Nageswara Rao, ASG, Mukul Rohatgi, Dr. A.M. Singhvi, .R.F. Nariman, K.K. Venugopal, Pinaki Mishra, K. E Radhakrishnan, Shibashish Misra, Abhinav Rao, Mahesh Agarwal, Rishi Agrawala, E.C. Agarwala, Radhika Gautam, Devika Mohan, Ranjeeta Rohtagi, Sunil Fernandes, Ranjana Roy Gawai, Raghav Chadha, Astha Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar, Rohit Bhatt, Rajat Jariwal, Aakash Bajaj (for Khaitan & Co.), F Suresh Chandra Tripathy, Sanjay Jain, Sunil Kumar Jain, Sachin Sharma, Satya Mitra Garg, Manjula Gupta, Mohan Prasad Gupta, D.S. Mahra for the following parties.

The Judgment of the Courtwas delivE3red by. G A.K SIKRI, J. 1. All the aforesaid matters wer.e heard analogously as they are inter-connected. In fact, it is the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 which has become the trigger point of all other cases. C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 was filed by M/s. Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd. H 500 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A (formerly known as Bhushan Limited) (hereinafter referred to as 'BPSL'). That was an appeal against the judgment passed by High Court of Orissa whereby the High Court had dismissed the writ petition of the BPSL. Before proceeding further, we would like to narrate the nature of different cases and the B background in which they came to be filed. CCP No. 374 of 2012

2. The erstwhile Bhushan Limited had proposed setting up of plant in some identified villages in the District of Sambalpur, C Orissa. For this purpose it had made a request for acquisition of land, measuring 1250 acres, which was acquired for Bhushan Limited. It had also applied for grant of lease of mining of iron ore for use in the proposed plant. These applications were favourably considered by the State Government which agreed D to accord due priority to Bhushan Limited for grant of suitable iron qre areas and also agreed to recommend the proposal to the Government of India for grant of a Coal Block. Even a MOU was entered into between the State Government and Bhushan Limited containing the commitment of the State Government to · E recommend to the Central Government, grant of iron ore mines for its use in the proposed plant. For this purpose area earmarked for recommendation were Thakurani area with 96 million tonnes iron ore reserves and Keora Area, District Sundargarh for additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore; both F for 50 years requirement of the plant. Though various statutory and other permissions required for setting up of the plant were granted and the plant was also set up, but due to some in-fight between the family members who owned Bhushan Limited, it faced difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. G 3. In so far as granting of mining lease of iron ore reserves in the aforesaid areas is concerned, it fell into rough weather. It resulted into show cause notice dated 18.1 .. 2006 by the State Government which led to the decision that mining lease over the Thakurani area could not be allowed on various grounds H and the application made by Bhushan Limited was premature. BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 501

VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] Thereafter, the Government of Orissa made a recommendation A to the Central Government on 9.2.2006 to grant mining lease in favour of one M/s Neepaz Metallics (P} Ltd. in relaxation· of Rule 59(1) of the Mining Rules, for a period of 30 years. Challenging these orders, Bhushan Limited filed the writ petition in the High Court on 8.5.2006. This Writ Petition was dismissed B by the High Court on 14.12.2007 and challenging this decision Special Leave Petition was filed which was granted converting the SLP into C.A. No. 2790/2012. This appeal was allowed by this Court vide judgment dated 14.3.2012 with the following directions: c "Accordingly, we allow the appeal and set aside the judgment and order of the High Court of Orissa and also the decision of the State Government dated 9.2.2006, rejecting the Appellant's claim for grant of mining lease. During the course of hearing, we have been informed that D Thakurani Block A has large reserves of iron ore, in which the Appellants can also be accommodated. We, accordingly, direct the State of Orissa to take appropriate steps to act in terms of the MOU dated 15.5.2002, as also its earlier commitments to recommend the case of the E Appellants to the Central Government for grant of adequate ·iron ore reserves to meet the requirements of the Appellants in their steel plant at Lapanga".

4. It would be pertinent to mention that State of Orissa had F filed Review Petition seeking review of this judgment but the same was rejected. Pursuant to the aforesaid directions, though the BPSL has been given Thakurani Block A, the order has not been implemented qua Keora, District Sundargarh. That is precisely the cause for filing Contempt Petition (Civil) No. 374 G of 2012 by BPSL. I.A. No. 14 of 2013 5. The State of Orissa and its officials who are impleaded as Contemners in the CCP have filed their replies to the CCP H 502 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R.

A expressing certain difficulties because of which they claim that the directions given in the judgment are incapable of enforcement. Simultaneously, Respondent No. 1/ State of Orissa has filed instant I.A. No. 14 of 2013 as well, in which certain subsequent developments which have taken place after B the passing of the judgment dated 12.3.2012 are traversed. It is highlighted that there are certain other and legal proceedings filed by them are pending at various stages in the High Court or in this Court and the area claimed bY. them in those legal proceedings overlap with the area which is the subject matter c of grant to BPSL. A reference is also made to subsequent judgment in the case of Sandur Manganese & Iron Ore v. State of Karnataka; (2010) 13 SCC 1 which has changed the legal position thereby making it difficult for the State to recommend the case of the petitioner. It is also stated that the issue which is dealt with by this Court in Sandur Manganese (Supra) was0 not raised in the Writ proceedings/ Civil Appeal of the BPSL. On the basis of the aforesaid averment prayer made in the I.A. reads as under:- "Pass appropriate directions with regard to implementation E of the directions contained in final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Hon'ble Court in Civil Appeal No. 2790 of 2012 in so far as it relates to the mining lease applications of the petitioner for an additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore over lands in Keora area of F Sundergarh District".

I.A. NO. 2 OF 2013 IN I.A. NO. 14 OF 2013 6. In I.A. No. 14 of 2013, this I.A. is preferred by M/s. Shri Mahavir Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. The grievance of this applicant G is against the status quo order dated 21.4.2008 passed in the applications filed by the BPSL. It is alleged that the applicant has filed 9 applications for grant of Iron Ore Mining Lease of different areas, notified as well as non-notified, including the Thakurani area. However, because of the status quo order the H applications of the applicant not being considered by the State BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 503 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] Government which is adversely affecting the interest of the A applicant. WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 60 OF 2013

7. While narrating the facts of C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 in brief, we had mentioned about the inter se disputes between B the family members of erstwhile Bhushan Limited because of which BPSL faced difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. It so happened that during the pendency of the aforesaid appeal, the family members resolved their disputes. On 28.2.2006, Bhushan Limited altered its name to BPSL. Other C group got incorporated a company named as M/s. Bhushan Steel Limited (BSL). BSL is the petitioner in the instant petition. This significant development was taken note of in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 in the following manner:-D "As indicated hereinbefore, on 21st April, 2008, this Court passed an interim order in the Special Leave Petition filed by Bhushan Limited directing the parties to maintain status quo with regard to the lands indicated in the application filed by the appellants for grant of mining lease. However, E I one of the most significant developments that subsequently took place was that on 25th NovemQer, 2011, Shri B.B. Singhal and Shri Neeraj Singhal, Vice-Chairman and Managing Director of Bhushan Steel and Strips Ltd. filed affidavits withdrawing all their claims and rights in the MOU F dated 15th May, 2002, executed between the State Government and Bhushan Limited and declaring that the said MOU was and had always been in favour of Bhushan power & Steel Ltd. The above named persons also prayed for deletion of their names from the array of parties.'.' xxxxxxx G

The mutual settlement of the disputes between the members of the Bhushan Group has altered the situation considerably, since BSSL has withdrawn its claim under H 504 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A the MOU dated 15th May, 2002 and has declared that the said MOU was and had always been executed by the State Government in favour of Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd., which had set up its steel plant at Lapanga. As indicated hereinbefore, although, the MOU was entered into by the State Government with the Bhushan Group forB setting up a steel plant at Lapanga, at a later stage, BSSL also laid claim under the MOU for setting up a separate steel plant at Mehramandali and a suggestion was also made for execution of a fresh MOU between the State c Government and BSSL to this effect."

8. It is the case of the SSL in the present Writ Petition that BSL was a part of the then Bhushan Group. It executed a MOU dated 15.5.2002 with the State of Orissa. Consequent to a family settlement, Mis. Bhushan Steel and Strips Ltd. (BSSL) D executed a separate MOA dated 3.11.2005 in which the State of Orissa had identical duties and obligations as those contained in 2002 MOU. On 12.4.2007, BSSL was re-named as BSL herein. It is thus claimed that SSL is identically situated as BPSL and, therefore, the benefit given to BPSL vide E judgment dated 14.3.2012 needs to be extended to the SSL as well. The direction in the nature of mandamus is sought to implement the decision of 12th llAC Meeting dated 27.8.2003 and terms of MOA dated 3.11.2005 against the State Government by making appropriate recommendation to the F Central Government for allotment of the remaining portion in Thakurani RF Block A, District Keonjhar i.e. 601.500 hectares applied while ML Application No. 882 and the areas applied vide ML Application No. 1079 i.e. 722.30 hectares approximately in village Kadalia, Kuriyakudar, Mithirda etc. G uhder Bonai sub-division, District Sundegarh to meet the captive requirements of SSL plants. 9. In essence, the petitioner wants same treatment as is given to BPSL and, therefore, has prayed for the extension of the benefit of judgment dated 12.3.2012 to SSL as well. H BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 505 VERMA [AK. SIKRI, J.] WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 194 OF 2013 A

10. This Writ Petition is filed by Jindal Steel and Power Limited (hereinafter referred to as 'Jindal Steel'). It had entered into MOU with the State of Orissa on 8.5.2002. It is stated in the writ petition that this petitioner became an intervenor in C.A. 8 No. 2790 of 2012 to protect its interest which has been duly ·taken note of in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 in the following manner:- "Appearing for the Intervener, M/s. Jindal Steels Ltd., Mr. K.V. Vishwanathan, learned Senior Advocate, submitted C that so long as any allotment made in favour of the Appellants did not impinge on the allotment made in favour of M/s. Jindal Steels Ltd;, it could have no grievance against a separate allotment being made in favour of the Appellants." D

11. It is pleaded that the case of Jindal Steel is even on a better footing for grant of mining lease, application for which purpose are pending with the State of Orissa. It had also signed the MOU for setting up an integrated Steel Plant wherein similar E promise was made by the State Government for grant of a mining lease. Additionally, Jindal Steel had the advantage of being an earlier applicant for the mining lease in regard to Thakurani RF Block A area which was also a part of an MOU by BPSL. It is further mentioned that 16 mining lease F applications were received in respect of the said area and the Director of Mines vide his report dated 8.11.2002 rejected all other applications except that of Jindal Steel herein, BPSL and three other applicants. In the case of Jindal Steel, recommendation was for 264 hectares in Thakurani RF Block A as against 383 Hectare in respect of BPSL. It is also stated G that even when recommendation in respect of BPSL in Thakurani area is made by the State Government and approved by the Union of India, recommendation of Jindal Steel is still pending with the State Government. It is thus, pleaded that the case of the petitioner, Jindal Steel, is squarely covered H 506 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A by judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 and benefit thereof be extended to this petitioner as well. WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 837 OF 2013

12. This Wi"it Petition is filed by Shri Mahavir Ferro Alloys B Pvt. Ltd. It has also proposed to set up a 0.35 MTPA Captive Integrated Steel Plant with additional facilities and 60 MW Captive Power Plant in Sundargarh district had an overall investment of Rs. 435 crores. This petitioner claims that pursuant to MOU entered into with the State Government for C grant of mining leases, it had submitted its application in this behalf. However, more than 10 years have elapsed but the State Government has not recommended its case, primarily because of status quo orders passed by this Court in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. It is pointed out that for this reason this petitioner D has already filed I.A. No. 2 in I.A. NO. 14 of 2013 in C.A. NO. 290 of 2012. Case of this petitioner, again, is that it is equally circumscribed and placed as BPSL as well as Jindal Steel and, therefore, entitled to the grant of mining lease as done in favour of BPSL by this Court vide judgment dated 14.3.2012. E 13. We have reproduced, hereinabove gist of the cases filed by different parties to get the favour of the proceedings. It becomes obvious and can be readily understood that in so far as BPSL is concerned, by means of Contempt Petition, it is F seeking the enforcement of the directions contained in its favour in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. Three other parties namely BSL, Jindal Steel and Mahavir Ferro Alloys (P) Ltd. have filed Writ Petitions claiming same relief as given to the BPSL vide judgment dated 14.3.2012 on the ground that they are placed in the similar or G even better position than BPSL and, therefore, entitled to same treatment. Further, as already pointed out above, the State Government has ventured to exhibit its helplessness in carrying out the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 even qua the beneficiary of the said judgment namely BPSL. H In so far as other three writ petitioners are concerned, not only BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 507

VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] same difficulties are sought to be projected, ,it is also mentioned A that are precluded from· seeking same relief as given to BPSL for various reasons. That apart, even the maintainability of the writ petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution filed by these petitioners i.s questioned. In such a scenario it i.s apposite to first de;al with the GCP filed. by BPSL. B ' CONTEMPT PETITION (Cl NO. 374 OF 2012 In C.A. No. 2790 OF 2012 · 14. We have already narrated the gist Of factual c background in which BPSL approached the High Court and thereafter this Court for grant of mining leases of iron.ore. As already mentioned, in the MOU entered into between the · parties, the State Government had committed to recommend to the Central Government, for grant of iron ore mines to the D BPSL for its use·in the plant to be set up at Lapanga. In this behalf it was agreed to make the following recommendations to the Central Government:- (a) For grant of 96 million tonnes iron ore reserves in E .Joda Barbi! Sector of Keonjhar (Thakurani area) · for 50 years requirement of the plant. (b) For additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore reserves in Keora, District Sundergarh, to meet a requirement of 1.6. million tonnes for 50 years. F

15. It is not necessary to set out the detailed facts which have been noted in judgment dated 14.3.2012, pertaining to the grant of permissions by various authorities enabling BPSL to get the land, electricity, permission for installation of a G Captive Power Plant etc. etc. Armed with those permission, the BPSL set up the plant in Lapanga in the district of Sambalpur, Orissa. BPSL claims that is has invested Rs. 25,000 crores in this project. It is further mentioned that for running of this steel plant, uninterrupted supply of iron ore is essential. This plant was set up in a backward area of Orissa persuant to the H 508 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A scheme of the State Government. It is for this reason that the State Government agreed to grant mining rights of iron ore reserves, keeping in view a total requirement of 200 million tonnes over a period of 50 years for the smooth running of the said plant. For this reason MOU dated 15.5.2002 was entered B into. Since the grant of mining lease is by the Central Government under the Mining Act, State Government which is a recommendatory authority had agreed to recommend the case of the BPSL. There was deadlock for some period because of infight within Bhushan family. However, this impasse c came to be resolved. Taking note of these developments the Court was of the opinion that there were two issues which arose for considerations namely:

(a) Whether the Memorandum of Understanding dated 15th May, 2002 continues to subsist in D favour of the appellants? (b) Whether the State Government is obliged to make recommendations. for the grant of iron ore mines in terms of the stipulations contained in the E aforesaidMOU dated 15th May, 2002 andwhether in respect of the areas which had notbeen notified under Rule 59(1 ), the StateGovernment can make a recommendation forrelaxation of Rule 59(1) under Rule 59(2). F 16. The Court deliberated at length on these issues and decided in favour of BPSL holding that MOU dated 15.5.2002 still subsisted in favour of the BPSL and also that State Government was under obligation to make recommendations as per the said MOU. The most relevant part of discussion, in G this behalf, reads as under: "Pursuant to the MOU with Bhushan Limited, the State Government had not only allotted land for the setting up of the steel plant at Lapanga, it had even extended all help H for the commissioning of the plant, which, in fact, had BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 509 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] ·

already started functioning. However, it is the claim made A by BSSL under the MOU executed on 15th May, 2002, that had created obstructions in the setting up of the steel plant at Lapanga. Despite having allotted land and granted sanction to Bhushan Limited to take steps for construction of the said plant, it was subsequently contended that the B application filed by Bhushan Limited was premature and could not, therefore, be acted upon. Specific instances have been mentioned hereinabove of the steps taken by the various departments in extending cooperation to Bhushan Limited to set up its steel plant at Lapanga. To c now turn around and take a stand that the application made. · by Bhushan Limited was premature, is not only unreasonable, but completely unfair to Bhushan Limited, who have already invested large sums of money in setting up the plant. The State Government had, on its own D entered into the MOU with Bhushan Limited on 15th May, 2002, and had even agreed to request the Central Government to allot mining areas and coal blocks for operating the steel p·lant. Whatever differences that may have resulted on account of the dispute within the Bhushan E Group, which could have led to the rethinking on the part of the State Government, have now been laid to rest by virtue of the settlement arrived at between the Bhushan Limited ~now BPSL) and BSSL. The State Government has also accepted the said position. In addition to the F above, the action taken by the State Government appears to us to be high,ly unreasonable and arbitrary and also attracts the doctrine of legitimate expectation. There is no denying the fact that the Appellants have altered their position to their detriment in accordance with the MOU dated 15th May, 2002. whatever may have been the G arrangement subsequently arrived at between the State Government and BSSL, the original MOU dated 15th May, 2002, continued to be in existence and remained operative".

H 510 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A 17. In so far as reserve of 96 million tonnes of iron ore in Thakurani mines are concerned, the State Government had made the recommendation to the Central Government, which has also approved the same in favour of the BPSL. The dispute now relates to Keora mines for a reserve ofJ28 million tonnes. B 18. Respondents/ Contemners do not dispute (and in fact there is no scope for any dispute) that the aforesaid directions contained in the judgment have become final. Review Petition was filed by the State Government but unsuccessfully. One C would, therefore, command for obeying these directions. However, the State Government/ Contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certain circumstances which are captured herein below. "(a) These areas fall almost entirely within the areas notified D on 23.8.1991 under Rule 59(1) of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960. The validity of the notification dated 23.8.19S1 is an issue in SLP(c)No. 31593 of 2010 and connected cases .which are now listed for hearing on 17.01.2013 before another Division Bench of this Hon'ble E Court. (b) Further, it is seen that the applied area is overlapping with the applied area of several other applicants, including Mis. Larsen & Toubro Limited and M/s. Tata Iron and Steel Co. Limited. F

(c) It is also po.inted out that earlier on 21.10.1997 an are~ of 998.93 hectares overlapping with appliedarea of the BPSL, was recommended in favour of M/s Larsen & Toubro Ltd. in puruance with the said company. However, G this recommendation was withdrawn for certain reasons. Thereafter, even revised MU PL application of M/s. Larsen and Toubro Ltd. Were rejected. The said company challenged the order of rejection before the Revisional Authority i.e. Central Government which passed orders H dated 10.7.2003 wherein direction is given to consider BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD: v. RAJ ESH VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] application of M/s. Lar:s.efl ~ ifoubro Ltd. Alongwith about A 196 app]ica.ti&ns" for grant of mining lease and after granting- an opportunity of hearing to all the applicants. However, BPSL is outside the 196 applications that were to be considered afresh. B (d) M/s. Larsen and Toubro Ltd has challenged the aforesaid orders of the Central Government by filing Writ Petition in the High Court which was dismissed by the Single Judge of Delhi High Court. Appeal thereagainst was dismissed by the Division Bench on 3. 7 .2012. Order of the C Division Bench of the High Court is challenged by filing SLP (C) NO. 33812 of 2012 in which notice has been issued and as the matter is sub-judice in those proceedi11gs it is difficult to pass any orders qua B P S L at this stage. D

(e) It is further pointed out that in the case of Sandur Mangnese (Supra) this Court has considered the provisions of Section 11 (4) of the MMDR Act and ha$ concluded that all applications filed over areas notified under Rule 59(1) of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 E deserve simultaneous consideration. As per the mandate of Section 11 (4) of the MMDR Act, the State Government may grant a mining lease over a notified area to such one . of the simultaneous applicants after considering the matters specified in sub-section (3) of Section 11. The F process of simultaneous consideration of the applications filed over ·Khajhurdihi R.F. In Sundergarh and Rakma, Marsuanand Tiriba of Keonjhar district had rem a i n e d stalled due to the various stay orders passed in litigations concerning such area. Subject to the orders, if any, passed G by this Hon'ble Court in this application, the process of simultaneous consideration of applications will take considerable time in view of the large number of overlapping applications over the areas in question. Each of these applicants is required to be given an opportunity H 512 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A of personal hearing and credentials of these applicants are required to be evaluated for assessment of relative merits in terms of Section 11 (3) of the MMDR Act."

19. It is thus, argued that the developments narrated above and the statutory mandate embodied in Section 11 (4) of the8 MMDR Act, 1957 have come in the way of the Respondent ·state in implementing the final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 in so far it relates to the Keora area of Sundergarh district. It is_ also sought to be argued that the question of entitlement of the petitioner to the recommendation of mines C in the Keora area, which are almost entirely covered under notification issued under Rule 59(1) of MC Rules, 1960 with specific reference to Sections 11 (4) and 11 (3) of the MMDR Act was not raised in the Writ Proceedings/ Civil Appeal. During the course of the implementation of the order of this Hon'ble D Court dated 14.3.2012 passed in Civil Appeal No. 2790 of 2012, the Respondent No. 1 is faced with the difficulties with regard to the Keora area as enumerated above. Hence, this application for appropriate directions. E 20. The question is as to whether such a plea can be raised to avoid implementation of the directions contained in the judgment? Our answer is in the negative, having regard to the categorical and authoritative principle of law enunciated by various judgments of this Court. From the reading of these F judgments one can comfortably get a complete answer to the so-called difficulties feigned by the State Government/ Contemners:

21. First judgment which needs to be noticed is in the case of_T.R. Dhananjaya v. J. Vasudevan; (1995) 5 SCC 619. The G following discussion contained in the said judgment squarely applies here:- "10. When this order was passed, what remained for the respondent was only implementation of the order passed H by this Court in furtherance of the action taken thereunder BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 513 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] by the Corporation. It is now clear that instead of A implementing the order, an attempt has been made to circumvent the same and deny the benefits to the petitioner. As stated earlier, the petitioner is a Corporation employee and the stand of the Government appears to be to give benefit to their employees. So, an attempt has now been B made to get into the rule position and to find whether the petitioner is eligible to be considered for promotion to the post of Executive Engineer, Superintending Engineer and Chief Engineer. It is now stated that according to the rules the petitioner would be eligible only as superintending c engineer and not as Chief Engineer. When direction was given in LA. 3 of 1993, Government was a party to the proceedings and it was never brought to our notice that the petitioner was not eligible. On the other hand, the Division Bench of Karnataka High Court upheld the right of the 0 petitioner which became final.

11. Question is whether it is open to the respondent to take at this stage this volte-face step. It is seen that all through Government was a part)L, when the direction was given in LA. No. 3 filed by the petitioner, it was not brought to out E notice that the petitioner was not eligible for promotion, in contradiction with Dasegowda, or any other. When t11e claim inter se had been adjudicated and the claim of the petitioner had become final and that of Dasegowda was negatived, it is no longer open to the Government to go F behind the order and truncate the effect of the orders passed by this Court by hovering over the rules to get round the result, to legitimise legal alibi to circumvent the orders passed by this Court. Thus, it is clear that the concerned officers have deliberately made concerted effort G to disobey the orders passed by this court to deny the benefits to the petitioner. So, we are left with no option but to hold that the respondent has deliberately and wilfully, with an intention to defeat the orders of this Court, passed the impugned order." H 514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A 22. Another judgment cited at the bar is Prithawi Nath Ram v. State of Jharkhand and Others; (2004) 7 SCC 261. Para 8 of the said judgment makes the following reading:

"8. If any party concerned is aggrieved by the order which in its opinion is wrong or against rules or itsB implementation is neither practicable nor feasible, it ~hould always either approach the court that passed the order or invoke jurisdiction of the appellate court. Rightness or wrongness of the order cannot be urged in contempt c proceedings. Right or wrong, the order has to be obeyed. Flouting an order of the court would render the party liable for contempt. While dealing with an application for contempt the court cannot traverse beyond the order, non-compliance with which is alleged. In other words, it cannot say what should not have D been done or what should have been done. In cannot traverse beyond the order. It cannot test correctness or otherwise of the order or give additional direction or delete any direction. That would be exercising review jurisdiction while dealing with an application for initiation of contempt E proceedings. The same would be impermissible and indefensible. In that view of the matter, the order of the High Court is set aside and the matter is remitted for fresh consideration. It shall deal with the application in its proper perspective in accordance with law afresh. We make it F clear that we have not expressed any opinion regarding acceptability or otherwise of the application for initiation o( contempt proceedings". ·

23. This very principle has been reiterated by in Bihar G Finance Service H. C. Coop. Soc. Ltd. v. Gautam Goswami and Ors.; (2008) 5 SCC 339 in the following words: "32. While exercising the said jurisdiction this Court does not intend to re-open the issues which could have been raised in the original proceeding nor shall it embark upon H other questions including the plea of equities which could BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 515 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] fall for consideration only in the original proceedings. The. A Court is not concerned with as to whether the original order was right or wrong. The court must not take a different view or traverse beyoncl the same. It cannot ordinarily give an additional direction or delete a direction issued. In short, it will not do anything which would amount to exercise of B its review jurisdiction".

24. We cannot lose sight of the fact that there is a judgment, inter parties, which has become final. Even when the Civil Appeal was being heard, certain other parties claiming C their interest in these very lands had moved intervention applications which were dismissed. At that time also it was mentioned that there are 195 applicants. However, notwithstanding the same, this Court issued firm directions to the State Government to recommend the case of the petitioners for mining lease in both the areas. In view of such categorical D and unambiguous directions given in the judgment which has attained finality, merely because another judgment has been delivered by this Court in Sandur Manganese case, cannot be a ground to undo the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012. In so far as law.laid down in Sandur Manganese E (Supra) is concerned, that may be applied and followed by the State Government in respect of other applications which are still pending. However, that cannot be pressed into service qua the petitioner whose rights have been crystallised by the judgment rendered in its favour. It cannot be re-opened, that too F at the stage of implementation of the said judgment. . .

25. We would like to place on record the arguments of learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner that the total area under notification is 731.67 sq. kms. and out of this 406 sq. G km. is yet to be allotted. The area which comes to the share of the petitioner under MOU is 13.91 sq. km. which is barely 3 percent of 406 sq. km and, therefore recommendation by the State Government in favour of the petitioner cannot be stalled or put to naught only on the basis of inchoate applications, fate H 516 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A whereof is yet to be decided. It is also pointed out that in so far as the petitioners in other writ petitions are concerned area claimed by them is not overlapping with the petitioner's area. However, it may not even be necessary to go into these contentions in detail. Once we hold that the respondents are B bound to implement the direction contained in judgment dated 14.3.2012, in so far as the State Government is concerned, it is obliged to comply therewith and such matters, alongwith other relevant considerations, can be left to the wisdom of the Central Government while taking a decision on the recommendation of c the State Government. 26. In so far as intervention applications by Talas and LNT are concerned these are dismissed as non maintainable, in view of law laid down in by this Court in Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India & Anr.; (1998) 4 SCC 409; D

"42. The contempt of court is a special jurisdiction to be exercised sparingly and with caution whenever an act .adversely affects the administration of jµstice or which tends to impede its course or tends to shake public confidence in the judicial institutions. This jurisdiction mayE also be exercised when the act complained of adversely affects the majesty of law or dignity of the courts. The purpose of contempt jurisdiction is to uphold the majesty and dignity of the courts of law. It is an unusual type of jurisdiction combining "the jury, the judge and theF hangman" and it is so because the court is not adjudicating upon any claim between litigating parties. This jurisdiction is not exercised to protect the dignity of an individual judge but to protect the administration of justice from being maligned. In the general interest of the community it isG imperative that the authority of courts should not be imperilled and there should be no unjustifiable interference in the administration of justice. It is a matter between the court and the contemner and third parties cannot intervene. It is exercised in a summary manner in aid of the H BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 517 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] administration of justice, the majesty of law and the dignity A of the courts. No such act can be permitted which may have the tendency to shake the public confidence in the fairness and impartiality of the administration of justice"..

27. As a consequence, we hold th.at the Respondents/ 8 Contemners are in contempt of orders dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Court in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area. However, we are giving one final opportunity to them to purge the contempt by transmitting requisite recommendations to the Central Government. It would C be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. In case the recommendation is sent within one month from the date of copy of receipt of this order, we propose not to take any further action and the respondents/ contemners shall stand discharged from this Contempt Petition. However, in case the D respondents do not purge in the manner mentioned above, it would be open to the petitioners to point out the same to this Court by moving appropriate application and in that event the Contemners shall be proceeded against. E 28. With this, I.A No. 14 in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 and I.A. No. 2 in I.A. NO. 14 in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 also stand disposed of. Writ Petitions F

29. In so far as three writ petitions .are concerned we need not go into the detailed arguments advanced by Counsel for the petitioners in those petitions. As already noted above, for their own reasons all the three petitioners pray that the same directions as given in favour of BPSL in judgment dated G 14.3.2012, be passed in their cases as well. This they claim on the basis of parity with BPSL. However, we are constrained ·to hold that, on the basis of such an argument, they cannot approach this court directly under Article '32 of the Constitution by filing writ petitions. It has already been authoritatively H 518 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A determined that no fundamental right of the petitioners is violated. No fundamental right is violated by non-granting of mining lease. (See (2012) 11 SCC 1 and (1973) 1 SCC 584).

30. That apart, there are few other aspects, aptly pointed out by Mr. L. Nageswara Rao, learned ASG, which come in the8 way of maintainability of the· instant petitions. He, inter alia, submitted that atleast in respect of applications which are still pending and yet to be decided, judgment in Sandur Manganese (Supra) shall have to be applied as it does not C remain virgin area, which was the position when the case of BPSL was decided. He had made various other submissions on merit as well. Without going into all these issues, we dismiss these petitions giving liberty to the petitioners to approach the High Court in the first instance and/ or any other forum which is available, as per law. We make it clear that in so far as these D petitions are concerned we have not dealt with the issues on merits. Wherever the petitions are filed, it would be open to the said forum to deal with the question as to whether the petitioners would be entitled to the benefit of judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in the case of BPSL or not. All other issues E are also kept open .to be agitated in those proceedings. Writ petitions are dismissed with liberty as aforesaid. Rajendra Prasad Matter disposed of.

[2014] 5 S.C.R. 493 BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. A v. RAJESH VERMA & ORS. (Contempt Petition (C) NO. 374 OF 2012) IN C. A. No. 2790 OF 2012 B APRIL 22, 2014 [SURINDER SINGH NIJJAR AND A. K. SIKRI, JJ.] Contempt of Court: c

Order of Supreme Court - Non-implementation of - In terms of an MOU, State Government had committed to recommend to Central Government for grant of iron ore mines in favour of appellant for use in it~ proposed plant - Pursuant 0 thereto appellant set up the plant with huge investment -Order of Supreme Caurt in appeal directing the State Government to take steps in terms of MOU- No-compliance of - Held: Respondents/contemners do not dispute that the directions contained in the judgment have become final - E However, State Government!Contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certairi circumstances ·and developments as also the statutory mandate embodied in s. · 11(4) of the MMDR Act - Held: Contemners cannot raise such a plea to avoid implementation of directions issued by Court - As far as the law- laid down in Sandur Manganese, F that may be applied in application that are pending -Respondents are in contempt of orders dated 14. 3. 2012 passed by the Court, in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area --:- However, they are given one final opportunity to purge the contempt by transmitting requisite G recommendations to the Central Government -:-- It. would be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. 493 H 494 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R .. A Constitution of India, 1950:

Alt. 32 - Writ petition - Claiming simll~r relief with regard to grant of mining lease as was directed in the case of appellant in its appeal - Held: Petitioners cannot approach the Coult directly under Alt. 32 of the Constitution by filing writ8 petitions, as no fundamental right of th~ petitioners is violated by non-granting of mining lease - However, petitioners are at libelty to approach High Coult in the first instance and! or any other forum which is available, as per law.

C In terms of MOU dated 15.5.2002 entered into between the contempt-petitioner-appellant and the State Government of Orissa, the latter recommended to the Central Government grant of irpn ore mines ih favour of the appellant for use of iron ore in proposed plant. For D this purpose, Thakurani area with 96 million tonnes iron ore reserve and Keora area with additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore were earmarked for 50 years requirement of the plant. The. plant was set up, but, due to family dispute, which was subsequently resolved, E there arose some difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. Meanwhile in 2006, the State Government took a decision that mining lease over Thakurani area could not be allowed in favour of the appellant, and made a recommendation to Central Government to grant mining F lease in favour of "NM(P) Ltd.". The appellant challenged these orders before the High Court in a writ petition, which was dismissed. However, the appeal of the appellant (C.A. No. 279012012) was allowed by the Supreme Court by its order dated 14.3.2012, with the G direction to the State Government to take appropriate steps to act in terms of MOU dated 15.5.2002 as also its earlier commitments to recommend the case of the appellants to the Central Government for grant of adequate iron ore reserve to meet the requirement of the H appellants' steel plant. The directions were implemented BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v."·' RAJ ESH 495 VERMA

with regard to Thakurani area, but the same were not A implemente'd as regards Ke.ora area. Aggrieved, the appellant filed the contempt petition. The State Government filed I.A. No. 14 of 2013 giving details of subsequent developments, whi(:h according to the State Government made. it difficult to recommend the case of B the appellant. It was also stated that the issue which was dealt with by Supreme Court in Sandur Managenese, 1 was not raised in the appellants' vyrit petition or in their appeal. I.A. No. 2 in 1..A. No. 14 of 2013 was filed by another company against the status quo order passed in the c applications of the appellant. The petitioners in other three writ petitions claimed that benefit granted to the appe~nt by order 14.3.2012 in C.A. No. 2790/2012, be also extended to them.

D Disposing of the matters, the Court HELD: 1.1. The appellant, by means of the contempt petition, is seeking the ~nforcement of the directions contained in its favour in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. The State Government E has exhibited helplessness in carrying out the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 even qua the beneficiary of the said judgment namely, the appellant. In the MOU entered into between the parties, the State Government had committed to recommend to the Central F Government, for grant of iron ore mines to the appellant for use in its proposed plant. Pursuant to the grant of permissions by various authorities enabling the appellant to get the land, electricity, permission for installation of a Captive Power Plant etc. etc., it set up the plant with an G investment of Rs. 25,000 crores. It is further mentioned that for running of this steel plant, uninterrupted supply of iron ore is essential. This plant was set up in a 1. Sandur Manganese and Iron Ors. v. State of Kamataka 2010 (11) SCR ~~ H 496 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A backward area of Orissa persuant to the scheme of ttie State Government. The Court held that MOU dated 15.5.2002 still subsisted in favour of the appellant and also that State Government was under obligation to make recommendations as per the said MOU. [Para 13-16] [506· B F, G-H; 507-D, G-H; 508-A, F, G]

1.2. In so far as reserve of 96 million tonnes of iron ore in Thakurani mines is concerned, the State Government had made the recommendation to the Central C Government, which also approved the same in favour of the appellant. As regards a reserve of 128 million tonnes in Keora mines, the respondents/ contemners do not dispute (and in fact there is no scope for any dispute) that the directions contained in the judgment have become final. One would, therefore, command for obeying these D directions. However, the State Government/contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certain circumstances and developments as also the statutory mandate embodied in s. 11 (4) of the MMDR Act, 1957 which, are stated to have come in the way of the E respondent State in implementing the final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 in so far it relates to the Keora area. [Paras 17 -19] [510-A-C; 512-8-C]

1.3. The respondents cannot raise a plea to avoid F implementation of the directions contained in the judgment. It is significant to note that there is a judgment, inter partes, which has become final. Even when the civil appeal was being heard, certain other parties claiming their interest in these very lands had moved intervention G applications which were dismissed. At that time also it was mentioned that there are 195 applicants. However, notwithstanding the same, this Court issued firm directions to the State Government to recommend the case of the petitior:iers for mining lease in both the areas. H In view of such categorical and unambiguous directions BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 497 VERMA -giv~!'.I in the judgment which has attained finality, merely A because another judgment has been delivered by this Court in Sandur Manganese case, cannot be a ground to undo the_ directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012. [Para 20 and 24] [512-B-C; 515-C-E] B T.R. Dhananjaya vs J. Vasudevan 1995 (3) Suppl. SCR EM~; Prithawi Nath Ram v. State of64 = (1995) 5 SCC Jharkhand and Others; 2004 (3) Suppl. SCR 740 = (2004) 7 SCC 261; Bihar Finance Service H. C. Coop. Soc. Ltd. v. Gautam Goswami and Ors.; (2008) 5 sec 339 - relied on. c Sandur Manganese and Iron Ore vs State of Karnataka 2010 (11) SCR 240 = (2010) 13 SCC 1 - referred to,

1.4. In so far as law laid down in Sandur Manganese is concerned, that may be applied and followed by the D State Government in respect of other applications which are still pending. However, that cannot be pressed into service qua the appellant whose rights have been crystallised by the judgment rendered in its favour. It cannot be 're-opened, that too at the stage of E implementation of the said judgment. [Para 24] [515-E-F] 1.5. Once the respondents are bound to implement the direction contained in judgment dated 14.3.2012, in so far as the State Government is concerned, it is obliged to comply therewith and such matters, alongwith other F relevant considerations, can be left to the wisdom ,of the Central Government while taking a decision on the recommendation of the State Government. [Para 25] [516-B-C] G 1.6. This Court, therefore, holds that the respondents/ contemners are in contempt of orders dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Court, in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area. However, they are given one final · opportunity to purge the contempt by transmitting H 498 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2014) 5 S.C.R.

A requisite recommendations to the Central Government. It would be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. In case the recommendation is sent within one month, the respondents/ contemners shall stand B discharged from the contempt petition and no further action will be taken. However, in case the respondents do not purge in the manner suggested, it would be open to the petitioners to point out the same to this Court by moving appropriate application and in that event the c contemners shall be proceeded against. [Para 27] [517-8-E] 2. In so far as three writ petitions are concerned, they claim on the basis of parity with the appellant. However, on the basis of such a plea, the petitioners in the said D petitions cannot approach this Court directly under Art. 32 of the Constitution by filing writ petitions, as no fundamental right of the petitioners is violated by non-granting of mining lease. However, the petitioners are at liberty to approach the High Court in the first instance E and/ or any other forum which is available, as per law. [Paras 29 and 30] [517-F, G-H; 518-A, C-0] Monnet !spat & Energy Ltd. V. U.0.1 & Ors. 2012 (7) SCR 644 = (2012) 11 SCC 1; State of Assam v. Om Prakash F Mehta 1973 (3) SCR 169 = (1973) 1 SCC 584 - relied on. Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India & Anr. 1998 (2) SCR 795 = (1998) 4 SCC 409 - referred to. Case Law Reference:

G 2010 (11) SCR 240 referred to para 5 1995 (3) Suppl. SCR 64 relied on para 21 2004 (3) Suppl. SCR 740 relied on para 22 H 2008 (3) SCR-1.t37 reUed on para 23 BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJESH 499 VERMA 1998 (2) SCR 795 referred to para 26 A 2012 (7) SCR 644 relied on para 29 1973 (3) SCR 169 relied on para 29 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Contempt Petition (C) B No. 374 of 2012. In Civil Appeal No. 27~0 of 2012. . . c From the Judgment & Order dated 14.12.2007 passed by the Hgih Court of Orissa at Cuttack in W.P.(C) No. 6646 of 2006. WITH D W.P.(C) Nos. 60, 194, 837 of 2013. {A. No. 14 &I.A. No. 2 in I.A. No. 14 in C.A. No. 2790 of 2012. L. Nageswara Rao, ASG, Mukul Rohatgi, Dr. A.M. Singhvi, .R.F. Nariman, K.K. Venugopal, Pinaki Mishra, K. E Radhakrishnan, Shibashish Misra, Abhinav Rao, Mahesh Agarwal, Rishi Agrawala, E.C. Agarwala, Radhika Gautam, Devika Mohan, Ranjeeta Rohtagi, Sunil Fernandes, Ranjana Roy Gawai, Raghav Chadha, Astha Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar, Rohit Bhatt, Rajat Jariwal, Aakash Bajaj (for Khaitan & Co.), F Suresh Chandra Tripathy, Sanjay Jain, Sunil Kumar Jain, Sachin Sharma, Satya Mitra Garg, Manjula Gupta, Mohan Prasad Gupta, D.S. Mahra for the following parties.

The Judgment of the Courtwas delivE3red by. G A.K SIKRI, J. 1. All the aforesaid matters wer.e heard analogously as they are inter-connected. In fact, it is the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 which has become the trigger point of all other cases. C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 was filed by M/s. Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd. H 500 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A (formerly known as Bhushan Limited) (hereinafter referred to as 'BPSL'). That was an appeal against the judgment passed by High Court of Orissa whereby the High Court had dismissed the writ petition of the BPSL. Before proceeding further, we would like to narrate the nature of different cases and the B background in which they came to be filed. CCP No. 374 of 2012

2. The erstwhile Bhushan Limited had proposed setting up of plant in some identified villages in the District of Sambalpur, C Orissa. For this purpose it had made a request for acquisition of land, measuring 1250 acres, which was acquired for Bhushan Limited. It had also applied for grant of lease of mining of iron ore for use in the proposed plant. These applications were favourably considered by the State Government which agreed D to accord due priority to Bhushan Limited for grant of suitable iron qre areas and also agreed to recommend the proposal to the Government of India for grant of a Coal Block. Even a MOU was entered into between the State Government and Bhushan Limited containing the commitment of the State Government to · E recommend to the Central Government, grant of iron ore mines for its use in the proposed plant. For this purpose area earmarked for recommendation were Thakurani area with 96 million tonnes iron ore reserves and Keora Area, District Sundargarh for additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore; both F for 50 years requirement of the plant. Though various statutory and other permissions required for setting up of the plant were granted and the plant was also set up, but due to some in-fight between the family members who owned Bhushan Limited, it faced difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. G 3. In so far as granting of mining lease of iron ore reserves in the aforesaid areas is concerned, it fell into rough weather. It resulted into show cause notice dated 18.1 .. 2006 by the State Government which led to the decision that mining lease over the Thakurani area could not be allowed on various grounds H and the application made by Bhushan Limited was premature. BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 501

VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] Thereafter, the Government of Orissa made a recommendation A to the Central Government on 9.2.2006 to grant mining lease in favour of one M/s Neepaz Metallics (P} Ltd. in relaxation· of Rule 59(1) of the Mining Rules, for a period of 30 years. Challenging these orders, Bhushan Limited filed the writ petition in the High Court on 8.5.2006. This Writ Petition was dismissed B by the High Court on 14.12.2007 and challenging this decision Special Leave Petition was filed which was granted converting the SLP into C.A. No. 2790/2012. This appeal was allowed by this Court vide judgment dated 14.3.2012 with the following directions: c "Accordingly, we allow the appeal and set aside the judgment and order of the High Court of Orissa and also the decision of the State Government dated 9.2.2006, rejecting the Appellant's claim for grant of mining lease. During the course of hearing, we have been informed that D Thakurani Block A has large reserves of iron ore, in which the Appellants can also be accommodated. We, accordingly, direct the State of Orissa to take appropriate steps to act in terms of the MOU dated 15.5.2002, as also its earlier commitments to recommend the case of the E Appellants to the Central Government for grant of adequate ·iron ore reserves to meet the requirements of the Appellants in their steel plant at Lapanga".

4. It would be pertinent to mention that State of Orissa had F filed Review Petition seeking review of this judgment but the same was rejected. Pursuant to the aforesaid directions, though the BPSL has been given Thakurani Block A, the order has not been implemented qua Keora, District Sundargarh. That is precisely the cause for filing Contempt Petition (Civil) No. 374 G of 2012 by BPSL. I.A. No. 14 of 2013 5. The State of Orissa and its officials who are impleaded as Contemners in the CCP have filed their replies to the CCP H 502 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R.

A expressing certain difficulties because of which they claim that the directions given in the judgment are incapable of enforcement. Simultaneously, Respondent No. 1/ State of Orissa has filed instant I.A. No. 14 of 2013 as well, in which certain subsequent developments which have taken place after B the passing of the judgment dated 12.3.2012 are traversed. It is highlighted that there are certain other and legal proceedings filed by them are pending at various stages in the High Court or in this Court and the area claimed bY. them in those legal proceedings overlap with the area which is the subject matter c of grant to BPSL. A reference is also made to subsequent judgment in the case of Sandur Manganese & Iron Ore v. State of Karnataka; (2010) 13 SCC 1 which has changed the legal position thereby making it difficult for the State to recommend the case of the petitioner. It is also stated that the issue which is dealt with by this Court in Sandur Manganese (Supra) was0 not raised in the Writ proceedings/ Civil Appeal of the BPSL. On the basis of the aforesaid averment prayer made in the I.A. reads as under:- "Pass appropriate directions with regard to implementation E of the directions contained in final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Hon'ble Court in Civil Appeal No. 2790 of 2012 in so far as it relates to the mining lease applications of the petitioner for an additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore over lands in Keora area of F Sundergarh District".

I.A. NO. 2 OF 2013 IN I.A. NO. 14 OF 2013 6. In I.A. No. 14 of 2013, this I.A. is preferred by M/s. Shri Mahavir Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. The grievance of this applicant G is against the status quo order dated 21.4.2008 passed in the applications filed by the BPSL. It is alleged that the applicant has filed 9 applications for grant of Iron Ore Mining Lease of different areas, notified as well as non-notified, including the Thakurani area. However, because of the status quo order the H applications of the applicant not being considered by the State BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 503 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] Government which is adversely affecting the interest of the A applicant. WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 60 OF 2013

7. While narrating the facts of C.A. No. 2790 of 2012 in brief, we had mentioned about the inter se disputes between B the family members of erstwhile Bhushan Limited because of which BPSL faced difficulties in getting the grant of iron ore lease. It so happened that during the pendency of the aforesaid appeal, the family members resolved their disputes. On 28.2.2006, Bhushan Limited altered its name to BPSL. Other C group got incorporated a company named as M/s. Bhushan Steel Limited (BSL). BSL is the petitioner in the instant petition. This significant development was taken note of in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 in the following manner:-D "As indicated hereinbefore, on 21st April, 2008, this Court passed an interim order in the Special Leave Petition filed by Bhushan Limited directing the parties to maintain status quo with regard to the lands indicated in the application filed by the appellants for grant of mining lease. However, E I one of the most significant developments that subsequently took place was that on 25th NovemQer, 2011, Shri B.B. Singhal and Shri Neeraj Singhal, Vice-Chairman and Managing Director of Bhushan Steel and Strips Ltd. filed affidavits withdrawing all their claims and rights in the MOU F dated 15th May, 2002, executed between the State Government and Bhushan Limited and declaring that the said MOU was and had always been in favour of Bhushan power & Steel Ltd. The above named persons also prayed for deletion of their names from the array of parties.'.' xxxxxxx G

The mutual settlement of the disputes between the members of the Bhushan Group has altered the situation considerably, since BSSL has withdrawn its claim under H 504 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A the MOU dated 15th May, 2002 and has declared that the said MOU was and had always been executed by the State Government in favour of Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd., which had set up its steel plant at Lapanga. As indicated hereinbefore, although, the MOU was entered into by the State Government with the Bhushan Group forB setting up a steel plant at Lapanga, at a later stage, BSSL also laid claim under the MOU for setting up a separate steel plant at Mehramandali and a suggestion was also made for execution of a fresh MOU between the State c Government and BSSL to this effect."

8. It is the case of the SSL in the present Writ Petition that BSL was a part of the then Bhushan Group. It executed a MOU dated 15.5.2002 with the State of Orissa. Consequent to a family settlement, Mis. Bhushan Steel and Strips Ltd. (BSSL) D executed a separate MOA dated 3.11.2005 in which the State of Orissa had identical duties and obligations as those contained in 2002 MOU. On 12.4.2007, BSSL was re-named as BSL herein. It is thus claimed that SSL is identically situated as BPSL and, therefore, the benefit given to BPSL vide E judgment dated 14.3.2012 needs to be extended to the SSL as well. The direction in the nature of mandamus is sought to implement the decision of 12th llAC Meeting dated 27.8.2003 and terms of MOA dated 3.11.2005 against the State Government by making appropriate recommendation to the F Central Government for allotment of the remaining portion in Thakurani RF Block A, District Keonjhar i.e. 601.500 hectares applied while ML Application No. 882 and the areas applied vide ML Application No. 1079 i.e. 722.30 hectares approximately in village Kadalia, Kuriyakudar, Mithirda etc. G uhder Bonai sub-division, District Sundegarh to meet the captive requirements of SSL plants. 9. In essence, the petitioner wants same treatment as is given to BPSL and, therefore, has prayed for the extension of the benefit of judgment dated 12.3.2012 to SSL as well. H BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 505 VERMA [AK. SIKRI, J.] WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 194 OF 2013 A

10. This Writ Petition is filed by Jindal Steel and Power Limited (hereinafter referred to as 'Jindal Steel'). It had entered into MOU with the State of Orissa on 8.5.2002. It is stated in the writ petition that this petitioner became an intervenor in C.A. 8 No. 2790 of 2012 to protect its interest which has been duly ·taken note of in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 in the following manner:- "Appearing for the Intervener, M/s. Jindal Steels Ltd., Mr. K.V. Vishwanathan, learned Senior Advocate, submitted C that so long as any allotment made in favour of the Appellants did not impinge on the allotment made in favour of M/s. Jindal Steels Ltd;, it could have no grievance against a separate allotment being made in favour of the Appellants." D

11. It is pleaded that the case of Jindal Steel is even on a better footing for grant of mining lease, application for which purpose are pending with the State of Orissa. It had also signed the MOU for setting up an integrated Steel Plant wherein similar E promise was made by the State Government for grant of a mining lease. Additionally, Jindal Steel had the advantage of being an earlier applicant for the mining lease in regard to Thakurani RF Block A area which was also a part of an MOU by BPSL. It is further mentioned that 16 mining lease F applications were received in respect of the said area and the Director of Mines vide his report dated 8.11.2002 rejected all other applications except that of Jindal Steel herein, BPSL and three other applicants. In the case of Jindal Steel, recommendation was for 264 hectares in Thakurani RF Block A as against 383 Hectare in respect of BPSL. It is also stated G that even when recommendation in respect of BPSL in Thakurani area is made by the State Government and approved by the Union of India, recommendation of Jindal Steel is still pending with the State Government. It is thus, pleaded that the case of the petitioner, Jindal Steel, is squarely covered H 506 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A by judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 and benefit thereof be extended to this petitioner as well. WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 837 OF 2013

12. This Wi"it Petition is filed by Shri Mahavir Ferro Alloys B Pvt. Ltd. It has also proposed to set up a 0.35 MTPA Captive Integrated Steel Plant with additional facilities and 60 MW Captive Power Plant in Sundargarh district had an overall investment of Rs. 435 crores. This petitioner claims that pursuant to MOU entered into with the State Government for C grant of mining leases, it had submitted its application in this behalf. However, more than 10 years have elapsed but the State Government has not recommended its case, primarily because of status quo orders passed by this Court in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. It is pointed out that for this reason this petitioner D has already filed I.A. No. 2 in I.A. NO. 14 of 2013 in C.A. NO. 290 of 2012. Case of this petitioner, again, is that it is equally circumscribed and placed as BPSL as well as Jindal Steel and, therefore, entitled to the grant of mining lease as done in favour of BPSL by this Court vide judgment dated 14.3.2012. E 13. We have reproduced, hereinabove gist of the cases filed by different parties to get the favour of the proceedings. It becomes obvious and can be readily understood that in so far as BPSL is concerned, by means of Contempt Petition, it is F seeking the enforcement of the directions contained in its favour in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012. Three other parties namely BSL, Jindal Steel and Mahavir Ferro Alloys (P) Ltd. have filed Writ Petitions claiming same relief as given to the BPSL vide judgment dated 14.3.2012 on the ground that they are placed in the similar or G even better position than BPSL and, therefore, entitled to same treatment. Further, as already pointed out above, the State Government has ventured to exhibit its helplessness in carrying out the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012 even qua the beneficiary of the said judgment namely BPSL. H In so far as other three writ petitioners are concerned, not only BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 507

VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] same difficulties are sought to be projected, ,it is also mentioned A that are precluded from· seeking same relief as given to BPSL for various reasons. That apart, even the maintainability of the writ petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution filed by these petitioners i.s questioned. In such a scenario it i.s apposite to first de;al with the GCP filed. by BPSL. B ' CONTEMPT PETITION (Cl NO. 374 OF 2012 In C.A. No. 2790 OF 2012 · 14. We have already narrated the gist Of factual c background in which BPSL approached the High Court and thereafter this Court for grant of mining leases of iron.ore. As already mentioned, in the MOU entered into between the · parties, the State Government had committed to recommend to the Central Government, for grant of iron ore mines to the D BPSL for its use·in the plant to be set up at Lapanga. In this behalf it was agreed to make the following recommendations to the Central Government:- (a) For grant of 96 million tonnes iron ore reserves in E .Joda Barbi! Sector of Keonjhar (Thakurani area) · for 50 years requirement of the plant. (b) For additional 128 million tonnes of iron ore reserves in Keora, District Sundergarh, to meet a requirement of 1.6. million tonnes for 50 years. F

15. It is not necessary to set out the detailed facts which have been noted in judgment dated 14.3.2012, pertaining to the grant of permissions by various authorities enabling BPSL to get the land, electricity, permission for installation of a G Captive Power Plant etc. etc. Armed with those permission, the BPSL set up the plant in Lapanga in the district of Sambalpur, Orissa. BPSL claims that is has invested Rs. 25,000 crores in this project. It is further mentioned that for running of this steel plant, uninterrupted supply of iron ore is essential. This plant was set up in a backward area of Orissa persuant to the H 508 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A scheme of the State Government. It is for this reason that the State Government agreed to grant mining rights of iron ore reserves, keeping in view a total requirement of 200 million tonnes over a period of 50 years for the smooth running of the said plant. For this reason MOU dated 15.5.2002 was entered B into. Since the grant of mining lease is by the Central Government under the Mining Act, State Government which is a recommendatory authority had agreed to recommend the case of the BPSL. There was deadlock for some period because of infight within Bhushan family. However, this impasse c came to be resolved. Taking note of these developments the Court was of the opinion that there were two issues which arose for considerations namely:

(a) Whether the Memorandum of Understanding dated 15th May, 2002 continues to subsist in D favour of the appellants? (b) Whether the State Government is obliged to make recommendations. for the grant of iron ore mines in terms of the stipulations contained in the E aforesaidMOU dated 15th May, 2002 andwhether in respect of the areas which had notbeen notified under Rule 59(1 ), the StateGovernment can make a recommendation forrelaxation of Rule 59(1) under Rule 59(2). F 16. The Court deliberated at length on these issues and decided in favour of BPSL holding that MOU dated 15.5.2002 still subsisted in favour of the BPSL and also that State Government was under obligation to make recommendations as per the said MOU. The most relevant part of discussion, in G this behalf, reads as under: "Pursuant to the MOU with Bhushan Limited, the State Government had not only allotted land for the setting up of the steel plant at Lapanga, it had even extended all help H for the commissioning of the plant, which, in fact, had BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 509 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] ·

already started functioning. However, it is the claim made A by BSSL under the MOU executed on 15th May, 2002, that had created obstructions in the setting up of the steel plant at Lapanga. Despite having allotted land and granted sanction to Bhushan Limited to take steps for construction of the said plant, it was subsequently contended that the B application filed by Bhushan Limited was premature and could not, therefore, be acted upon. Specific instances have been mentioned hereinabove of the steps taken by the various departments in extending cooperation to Bhushan Limited to set up its steel plant at Lapanga. To c now turn around and take a stand that the application made. · by Bhushan Limited was premature, is not only unreasonable, but completely unfair to Bhushan Limited, who have already invested large sums of money in setting up the plant. The State Government had, on its own D entered into the MOU with Bhushan Limited on 15th May, 2002, and had even agreed to request the Central Government to allot mining areas and coal blocks for operating the steel p·lant. Whatever differences that may have resulted on account of the dispute within the Bhushan E Group, which could have led to the rethinking on the part of the State Government, have now been laid to rest by virtue of the settlement arrived at between the Bhushan Limited ~now BPSL) and BSSL. The State Government has also accepted the said position. In addition to the F above, the action taken by the State Government appears to us to be high,ly unreasonable and arbitrary and also attracts the doctrine of legitimate expectation. There is no denying the fact that the Appellants have altered their position to their detriment in accordance with the MOU dated 15th May, 2002. whatever may have been the G arrangement subsequently arrived at between the State Government and BSSL, the original MOU dated 15th May, 2002, continued to be in existence and remained operative".

H 510 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A 17. In so far as reserve of 96 million tonnes of iron ore in Thakurani mines are concerned, the State Government had made the recommendation to the Central Government, which has also approved the same in favour of the BPSL. The dispute now relates to Keora mines for a reserve ofJ28 million tonnes. B 18. Respondents/ Contemners do not dispute (and in fact there is no scope for any dispute) that the aforesaid directions contained in the judgment have become final. Review Petition was filed by the State Government but unsuccessfully. One C would, therefore, command for obeying these directions. However, the State Government/ Contemners have pleaded their helplessness by narrating certain circumstances which are captured herein below. "(a) These areas fall almost entirely within the areas notified D on 23.8.1991 under Rule 59(1) of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960. The validity of the notification dated 23.8.19S1 is an issue in SLP(c)No. 31593 of 2010 and connected cases .which are now listed for hearing on 17.01.2013 before another Division Bench of this Hon'ble E Court. (b) Further, it is seen that the applied area is overlapping with the applied area of several other applicants, including Mis. Larsen & Toubro Limited and M/s. Tata Iron and Steel Co. Limited. F

(c) It is also po.inted out that earlier on 21.10.1997 an are~ of 998.93 hectares overlapping with appliedarea of the BPSL, was recommended in favour of M/s Larsen & Toubro Ltd. in puruance with the said company. However, G this recommendation was withdrawn for certain reasons. Thereafter, even revised MU PL application of M/s. Larsen and Toubro Ltd. Were rejected. The said company challenged the order of rejection before the Revisional Authority i.e. Central Government which passed orders H dated 10.7.2003 wherein direction is given to consider BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD: v. RAJ ESH VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] application of M/s. Lar:s.efl ~ ifoubro Ltd. Alongwith about A 196 app]ica.ti&ns" for grant of mining lease and after granting- an opportunity of hearing to all the applicants. However, BPSL is outside the 196 applications that were to be considered afresh. B (d) M/s. Larsen and Toubro Ltd has challenged the aforesaid orders of the Central Government by filing Writ Petition in the High Court which was dismissed by the Single Judge of Delhi High Court. Appeal thereagainst was dismissed by the Division Bench on 3. 7 .2012. Order of the C Division Bench of the High Court is challenged by filing SLP (C) NO. 33812 of 2012 in which notice has been issued and as the matter is sub-judice in those proceedi11gs it is difficult to pass any orders qua B P S L at this stage. D

(e) It is further pointed out that in the case of Sandur Mangnese (Supra) this Court has considered the provisions of Section 11 (4) of the MMDR Act and ha$ concluded that all applications filed over areas notified under Rule 59(1) of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 E deserve simultaneous consideration. As per the mandate of Section 11 (4) of the MMDR Act, the State Government may grant a mining lease over a notified area to such one . of the simultaneous applicants after considering the matters specified in sub-section (3) of Section 11. The F process of simultaneous consideration of the applications filed over ·Khajhurdihi R.F. In Sundergarh and Rakma, Marsuanand Tiriba of Keonjhar district had rem a i n e d stalled due to the various stay orders passed in litigations concerning such area. Subject to the orders, if any, passed G by this Hon'ble Court in this application, the process of simultaneous consideration of applications will take considerable time in view of the large number of overlapping applications over the areas in question. Each of these applicants is required to be given an opportunity H 512 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A of personal hearing and credentials of these applicants are required to be evaluated for assessment of relative merits in terms of Section 11 (3) of the MMDR Act."

19. It is thus, argued that the developments narrated above and the statutory mandate embodied in Section 11 (4) of the8 MMDR Act, 1957 have come in the way of the Respondent ·state in implementing the final order and judgment dated 14.3.2012 in so far it relates to the Keora area of Sundergarh district. It is_ also sought to be argued that the question of entitlement of the petitioner to the recommendation of mines C in the Keora area, which are almost entirely covered under notification issued under Rule 59(1) of MC Rules, 1960 with specific reference to Sections 11 (4) and 11 (3) of the MMDR Act was not raised in the Writ Proceedings/ Civil Appeal. During the course of the implementation of the order of this Hon'ble D Court dated 14.3.2012 passed in Civil Appeal No. 2790 of 2012, the Respondent No. 1 is faced with the difficulties with regard to the Keora area as enumerated above. Hence, this application for appropriate directions. E 20. The question is as to whether such a plea can be raised to avoid implementation of the directions contained in the judgment? Our answer is in the negative, having regard to the categorical and authoritative principle of law enunciated by various judgments of this Court. From the reading of these F judgments one can comfortably get a complete answer to the so-called difficulties feigned by the State Government/ Contemners:

21. First judgment which needs to be noticed is in the case of_T.R. Dhananjaya v. J. Vasudevan; (1995) 5 SCC 619. The G following discussion contained in the said judgment squarely applies here:- "10. When this order was passed, what remained for the respondent was only implementation of the order passed H by this Court in furtherance of the action taken thereunder BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 513 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] by the Corporation. It is now clear that instead of A implementing the order, an attempt has been made to circumvent the same and deny the benefits to the petitioner. As stated earlier, the petitioner is a Corporation employee and the stand of the Government appears to be to give benefit to their employees. So, an attempt has now been B made to get into the rule position and to find whether the petitioner is eligible to be considered for promotion to the post of Executive Engineer, Superintending Engineer and Chief Engineer. It is now stated that according to the rules the petitioner would be eligible only as superintending c engineer and not as Chief Engineer. When direction was given in LA. 3 of 1993, Government was a party to the proceedings and it was never brought to our notice that the petitioner was not eligible. On the other hand, the Division Bench of Karnataka High Court upheld the right of the 0 petitioner which became final.

11. Question is whether it is open to the respondent to take at this stage this volte-face step. It is seen that all through Government was a part)L, when the direction was given in LA. No. 3 filed by the petitioner, it was not brought to out E notice that the petitioner was not eligible for promotion, in contradiction with Dasegowda, or any other. When t11e claim inter se had been adjudicated and the claim of the petitioner had become final and that of Dasegowda was negatived, it is no longer open to the Government to go F behind the order and truncate the effect of the orders passed by this Court by hovering over the rules to get round the result, to legitimise legal alibi to circumvent the orders passed by this Court. Thus, it is clear that the concerned officers have deliberately made concerted effort G to disobey the orders passed by this court to deny the benefits to the petitioner. So, we are left with no option but to hold that the respondent has deliberately and wilfully, with an intention to defeat the orders of this Court, passed the impugned order." H 514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A 22. Another judgment cited at the bar is Prithawi Nath Ram v. State of Jharkhand and Others; (2004) 7 SCC 261. Para 8 of the said judgment makes the following reading:

"8. If any party concerned is aggrieved by the order which in its opinion is wrong or against rules or itsB implementation is neither practicable nor feasible, it ~hould always either approach the court that passed the order or invoke jurisdiction of the appellate court. Rightness or wrongness of the order cannot be urged in contempt c proceedings. Right or wrong, the order has to be obeyed. Flouting an order of the court would render the party liable for contempt. While dealing with an application for contempt the court cannot traverse beyond the order, non-compliance with which is alleged. In other words, it cannot say what should not have D been done or what should have been done. In cannot traverse beyond the order. It cannot test correctness or otherwise of the order or give additional direction or delete any direction. That would be exercising review jurisdiction while dealing with an application for initiation of contempt E proceedings. The same would be impermissible and indefensible. In that view of the matter, the order of the High Court is set aside and the matter is remitted for fresh consideration. It shall deal with the application in its proper perspective in accordance with law afresh. We make it F clear that we have not expressed any opinion regarding acceptability or otherwise of the application for initiation o( contempt proceedings". ·

23. This very principle has been reiterated by in Bihar G Finance Service H. C. Coop. Soc. Ltd. v. Gautam Goswami and Ors.; (2008) 5 SCC 339 in the following words: "32. While exercising the said jurisdiction this Court does not intend to re-open the issues which could have been raised in the original proceeding nor shall it embark upon H other questions including the plea of equities which could BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 515 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] fall for consideration only in the original proceedings. The. A Court is not concerned with as to whether the original order was right or wrong. The court must not take a different view or traverse beyoncl the same. It cannot ordinarily give an additional direction or delete a direction issued. In short, it will not do anything which would amount to exercise of B its review jurisdiction".

24. We cannot lose sight of the fact that there is a judgment, inter parties, which has become final. Even when the Civil Appeal was being heard, certain other parties claiming C their interest in these very lands had moved intervention applications which were dismissed. At that time also it was mentioned that there are 195 applicants. However, notwithstanding the same, this Court issued firm directions to the State Government to recommend the case of the petitioners for mining lease in both the areas. In view of such categorical D and unambiguous directions given in the judgment which has attained finality, merely because another judgment has been delivered by this Court in Sandur Manganese case, cannot be a ground to undo the directions contained in the judgment dated 14.3.2012. In so far as law.laid down in Sandur Manganese E (Supra) is concerned, that may be applied and followed by the State Government in respect of other applications which are still pending. However, that cannot be pressed into service qua the petitioner whose rights have been crystallised by the judgment rendered in its favour. It cannot be re-opened, that too F at the stage of implementation of the said judgment. . .

25. We would like to place on record the arguments of learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner that the total area under notification is 731.67 sq. kms. and out of this 406 sq. G km. is yet to be allotted. The area which comes to the share of the petitioner under MOU is 13.91 sq. km. which is barely 3 percent of 406 sq. km and, therefore recommendation by the State Government in favour of the petitioner cannot be stalled or put to naught only on the basis of inchoate applications, fate H 516 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A whereof is yet to be decided. It is also pointed out that in so far as the petitioners in other writ petitions are concerned area claimed by them is not overlapping with the petitioner's area. However, it may not even be necessary to go into these contentions in detail. Once we hold that the respondents are B bound to implement the direction contained in judgment dated 14.3.2012, in so far as the State Government is concerned, it is obliged to comply therewith and such matters, alongwith other relevant considerations, can be left to the wisdom of the Central Government while taking a decision on the recommendation of c the State Government. 26. In so far as intervention applications by Talas and LNT are concerned these are dismissed as non maintainable, in view of law laid down in by this Court in Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India & Anr.; (1998) 4 SCC 409; D

"42. The contempt of court is a special jurisdiction to be exercised sparingly and with caution whenever an act .adversely affects the administration of jµstice or which tends to impede its course or tends to shake public confidence in the judicial institutions. This jurisdiction mayE also be exercised when the act complained of adversely affects the majesty of law or dignity of the courts. The purpose of contempt jurisdiction is to uphold the majesty and dignity of the courts of law. It is an unusual type of jurisdiction combining "the jury, the judge and theF hangman" and it is so because the court is not adjudicating upon any claim between litigating parties. This jurisdiction is not exercised to protect the dignity of an individual judge but to protect the administration of justice from being maligned. In the general interest of the community it isG imperative that the authority of courts should not be imperilled and there should be no unjustifiable interference in the administration of justice. It is a matter between the court and the contemner and third parties cannot intervene. It is exercised in a summary manner in aid of the H BHUSHAN POWER & STEEL LTD. v. RAJ ESH 517 VERMA [A.K. SIKRI, J.] administration of justice, the majesty of law and the dignity A of the courts. No such act can be permitted which may have the tendency to shake the public confidence in the fairness and impartiality of the administration of justice"..

27. As a consequence, we hold th.at the Respondents/ 8 Contemners are in contempt of orders dated 14.3.2012 passed by this Court in not complying with the directions in respect of Keora area. However, we are giving one final opportunity to them to purge the contempt by transmitting requisite recommendations to the Central Government. It would C be for the Central Government to consider the said recommendations on its own merits and in accordance with law. In case the recommendation is sent within one month from the date of copy of receipt of this order, we propose not to take any further action and the respondents/ contemners shall stand discharged from this Contempt Petition. However, in case the D respondents do not purge in the manner mentioned above, it would be open to the petitioners to point out the same to this Court by moving appropriate application and in that event the Contemners shall be proceeded against. E 28. With this, I.A No. 14 in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 and I.A. No. 2 in I.A. NO. 14 in C.A. NO. 2790 of 2012 also stand disposed of. Writ Petitions F

29. In so far as three writ petitions .are concerned we need not go into the detailed arguments advanced by Counsel for the petitioners in those petitions. As already noted above, for their own reasons all the three petitioners pray that the same directions as given in favour of BPSL in judgment dated G 14.3.2012, be passed in their cases as well. This they claim on the basis of parity with BPSL. However, we are constrained ·to hold that, on the basis of such an argument, they cannot approach this court directly under Article '32 of the Constitution by filing writ petitions. It has already been authoritatively H 518 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2014] 5 S.C.R. A determined that no fundamental right of the petitioners is violated. No fundamental right is violated by non-granting of mining lease. (See (2012) 11 SCC 1 and (1973) 1 SCC 584).

30. That apart, there are few other aspects, aptly pointed out by Mr. L. Nageswara Rao, learned ASG, which come in the8 way of maintainability of the· instant petitions. He, inter alia, submitted that atleast in respect of applications which are still pending and yet to be decided, judgment in Sandur Manganese (Supra) shall have to be applied as it does not C remain virgin area, which was the position when the case of BPSL was decided. He had made various other submissions on merit as well. Without going into all these issues, we dismiss these petitions giving liberty to the petitioners to approach the High Court in the first instance and/ or any other forum which is available, as per law. We make it clear that in so far as these D petitions are concerned we have not dealt with the issues on merits. Wherever the petitions are filed, it would be open to the said forum to deal with the question as to whether the petitioners would be entitled to the benefit of judgment dated 14.3.2012 passed in the case of BPSL or not. All other issues E are also kept open .to be agitated in those proceedings. Writ petitions are dismissed with liberty as aforesaid. Rajendra Prasad Matter disposed of.