[2013] 8 S.C.R. 118 A SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. & ANR. V. SURESH CHANDRA VERMA (Civil Appeal No. 5828 of 2013) JULY 18, 2013 B [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN AND PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, JJ.) SERVICE LAW: c Study leave - Availed by Lecturer to pursue Ph.D. course - Certificate for completion of study course not produced -Recovery of salary and other benefits paid during the period of study leave - Held: A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish0 the certificate to that effect, is doing a disservice to the institute as well as its students - Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit - However, in the instant case, considering the fact that the bond executed by respondent is E found to be vague, there is no reason for appellant-institute to recover the balance amount from him -- But the amount already recovered be not refunded, since public interest has suffered due to non-obtaining of Ph.D by respondent after availing of entire salary and other benefits - This order is made taking into consideration all aspects of the matter and F to do complete justice between the parties - Constitution of India, 1950 - Art. 142 - Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 - rr.53(5) and 63. Granting of study leave - Object of - Explained. G

The respondent, a Lecturer in the appellant Institute, after availing of study leave for three years to pursue Ph.D. course, resumed his duties as Lecturer in the Institute, but failed to produce the certificate of obtaining H 118 SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 119 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA the Ph.D. for which study leave was granted. The A appellant-Institute took steps to recover the amount of Rs.12,32, 126/- paid to the respondent during the period of study leave. The writ petition filed by the respondent was allowed by the single Judge of the High Court and the Institute was directed to refund with interest the B amount already recovered from him. The appeal of the Institute was dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court. Allowing the appeal in part, the Court c HELD: 1.1 The specific case of the appellant before this Court is that the respondent is governed by the provisions of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 forming part of the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules, though the question as to whether 0r. 63 of the 1972 Rules is also applicable to the respondent was not specifically urged by the appellant-institute before the High Court. [para 10 and 13] [124-D; 128-8]

1.2 Rule 63 of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules E 1972 mandates that if a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of three years after such return to duty or fails to complete the course of study and is, thus, unable to furnish the certificates as required under sub-rule (5) of F Rule 53, he shall be required to refund the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India. The provision has a laudable object to achieve. The purpose of granting study leave with salary and other G benefits is for the interest of the Institution and also the person concerned so that once he comes back and joins the institute, the students will be benefited by the knowledge and expertise acquired by the person at the expense of the institute. [para 14-15] [129-G-H; 130-A-B, HC-D] 120 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2'013] 8 S.C.R.

A 1.3 A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish the cert\ficate to that effect, is doing a disservice to the institute as well as to its students. Such a person only enjoys the period of study leave without doing any work B at the institute and, at the same time, enjoys the salary and other benefits, which is evidentially not in public interest. Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit. [para 15] [130-D-F]

1.4 In the instant case, there is no clear cut provision C in the bond either expressly referring to Rule 63 or strictly imposing a condition that if a candidate fails to complete the course study during the period of sanctioned leave, he will have to refund to the Institute the total amount of leave, salary and other benefits availed of by him during D the period of study leave. However, such a specific provision was incorporated in bond by the Board of Governors of the appellant-institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002. [para 10-11] (124-D-F] E 1.5 The appellant-Institute has already recovered an amount of Rs.6.5 lacs from the salary and arrears of salary of the respondent and claims balance amount of Rs.6,18,000/-. Considering the fa«ts and circumstances of the case and the fact that the bond executed by the respondent is found to be vague, there is no reason for F the appellant-Institute to recover the balance amount from him. But, the amount already _recovered be not refunded, since public interest has definitely suffered due to non_. obtaining of Ph.D by the respondent after availing of the entire salary and other benefits. This order is made taking G into consideration all aspects of the matter and to do complete justice between the parties. [para 16-17] [130-G-H; 131-A-C] . CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. H 5828 of 2013. SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 121 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA

From the Judgment and Order dated 23.08.2012 of the A High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh in LPA No. 363 of 2012. Ajay Jain, B.N. Gaur, Jinendra Jain for the Appellants. B Himanshu Shekhar for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Co1,1rt was delivered by K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. The question that has come up for consideration in this C appeal is whether the appellant-institute is justified, in directing the respondent to refund the entire amount of Rs.12,32, 126/-paid to him towards salary and other allowances for pursuing Ph.D studies at llT, Kanpur, on failure to produce the certificate of obtaining the Ph.D, for which study leave was granted. D

3. The appellant-institute was established by the Ministry of Human Resource & Development, Government of India in the year 1989 and has been fully funded by the Central Government. The respondent joined the service in the appellant- E institute as Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering on 30.08.1993. He applied for grant of study leave for pursuing his Ph.D at llT, Kanpur. The competent authority acceded to that request and granted three years study leave commencing from 24.07.1999 to 22.07.2002. The respondent after executing necessary bond F proceeded on study leave on 24.07.1999 and three years period was completed on 24.07.2002. Due to various reasons, the respondent could not complete his Ph.D studies and he joined back in service as Lecturer in the Institute in November 2003. The respondent was asked to produce the completion certificate of the Ph.D course which respondent could not G produce, hence, the appellant-institute demanded the refund of the amount of Rs. 12,32, 126/- paid to him during the period of study for pursuing Ph.D as per the terms and conditions of bond executed by the respondent. H 122 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A 4. Aggrieved by the steps taken by the appellant-institute to recover the amount, the respondent filed Civil Writ Petition No. 12555 of 2010 before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana.

B Writ Petition was allowed by learned Single Judge vide judgment dated 02.02.2012 quashing the demand notice and also ordered refund of the amount already recovered with interest from the respondent. 5. Aggrieved by the same, the appellant preferred LPA No. C 363 of 2012 before the Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana and the High Court vide judgment dated 23.08.2012 took the view that the appellant could not point out any term in the bond executed by the respondent that he had to complete the Ph.D programme within a period of three years D and that the only condition was that the respondent had to serve for a period of six years after joining service on the expiry of the study leave. The appeal was dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court. E 6. Aggrieved by the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court, this appeal has been preferred.

7. Shri Ajay Jain, learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted that the High Court has completely misunderstood terms and conditions on which the respondent F was granted study leave which is reflected in the bond executed by the respondent on 5.05.1999. Learned counsel submitted that the High Court has completely ignored the salutary principle of "no work no pay'' and that the respondent during the period of study not only not worked in the appellant-institute but also G was not successful in obtaining the Ph.D. Consequently, neither the institute, the respondent nor the students have been.... benefited and public money has been spent for no use . 8. Shri Himanshu Shekhar, learned counsel for the H respondent, on the other hand, submitted that he has completed SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 123 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.]

his course work required for the Ph.D programme, completed A comprehensive examination etc. but the thesis could not be completed due to retirement of the guide. Further, it was pointed out that the respondent had also made a written request on 24.05.2002 seeking extension of six months period so that the respondent could complete his thesis work. Another B representation was made on 04.06.2002 and all those representations left unattended. Under such circumstances, he had to join duty without obtaining Ph.D. Learned counsel also pointed out that similarly situated employee named Abanish Kumar Singh was provided extension of time but the same was c not done in the case of the respondent. Further, it was pointed out that there is no condition in the bond that if the respondent could not complete the Ph.D then the entire salary and other benefits could be recovered from the respondent. Learned counsel pointed out that the High Court has rightly interpreted 0 terms and conditions of bond, consequently the demand made for the reimbursement of the salary and other allowances is not justified. 9. We have gone through terms and conditions of the bond executed by the respondent on 05.05.1999. Some of the E relevant portions of the bond read as follows: "Whereas I, Suresh Chandra Varma, am granted (kind of leave) by the Institute. F And whereas for the better protection of the Institute, I have agreed to execute this Bond with such conditions as hereunder is written.

Now the condition of the above written obligation is that in the event of my failing of resume duty, or resigning or G retiring from service or otherwise quitting service without returning from duty after the expiry of termination of the period of study leave or at any time within a period of three years after my return to duty, I shall forthwith pay to the institute or as may be directed by the Institute, on demand, H 124 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A pay & allowances received by me during study leave, the said amount of Rs.10,000/- (ten thousand only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Govt. rates for the time being in force on Govt. loan. And upon my making such payment the above writtenB obligation shall be avoided and of no effect, otherwise I shall be and remain in full force and virtue. The bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities c hereunder shall, where necessary, be accordingly determined by the appropriate c0urts in India."

10. Further, it is the specific case of the appellant that the respondent herein is governed by the provisions of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 forming part of the0 Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules, Part Ill framed by the C.onstitution of India. We notice there "is no clear cut provision in the bond either expressly referring to Rule 63 or strictly imposing a condition that if a candidate fails to complete E the course study during the period of sanctioned leave, he will have to refund to the appellant-institute the total amount of leave, salary and other benefits availed of by him during the period of study leave. 11. Of late, such a specific provision was incorporated in F bond by the Board of Governors of the appellant-institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002, which reads as follows: TO APPROVE THE AMENDMENT IN BOND CONDITIONS TO BE EXECUTED BY THE FACULTY MEMBERS WHILE PROCEEDING ON STUDY LEAVE.G The Board of Governors of the Institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002 decided that a faculty member, who is granted study leave for possessing higher education such as M.E./M.Tech. and Ph.D, he/she is required to H SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 125 SURES~ CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] execute a bond to serve the Institute for double the period A of study leave after returning from study leave.

The conditions of the bond are silent on the point when a faculty member resume his/her duty but fails to produce the educational qualifying certificate for which he/she was B sanctioned study leave. Following provision may kindly be allowed to be incorporated in the proforma of bond to be executed by a faculty member while prbceeding on study leave I extra ordinary leave of study I special leave for training I C sabbatical leave on the pattern of Central Government Rules to avoid legal complicacy. Proforma of bond presently filled Proposed Proforma of bond by a faculty members while to be filled by a faculty D proceeding on study leave I extra members while proceeding ordinary leave of study/special on study leave/extra leave for training/sabbatical leave ordinary leave of study I special leave for training I sabbatical leave. KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE EKNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT I,PRESENTS THAT

______ resident ofI ,_________ resident of --·----- at present ---- in the district of _________ at presentemployed as in employed as in the Fthe Sant Longowal Institute of Sant LongowaUnstitute ofEngineering & Technology, do ? Engineering & Technology, dohereby bi.nd myself and my hereby bind myself and myheirs, executors and heirs, execut'Ors andadministrators to pay to the administrators to -pay to the GDirector, Sant Longowal DirectoF, Sant l.ongowalInstitute of Engineering & Institute of Engineering &Technology (hereinafter called Technology (hereinafter calledthe Institute) on demand the the Institute) the total amountsum of o( leave salary and otherRs. · (Rs. only) H 126 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R.

A together with interest thereon expenses incurred by the from the date of demand at Institute, if any, along with bond Government rates for the time money prescribed the Institute being in force on Government together with interest thereon loans or, if payment is made from the date of demand at B in a country other than India, Government Rates for the time the equivalent of the said being in force on Government amount in the currency of that loans or if payment is made in country converted at the a country other than India, the official rate of exchange equivalent of the said amount C between that country and India in the currency of that country AND TOGETHER WITH all converted at the official rate of costs between attorney and exchange between that country client and all charges and and India AND TOGETHER expenses that shall/or may WITH all costs between D have incurred by the Institute. attorney and client and all charges and expenses that WHEREAS I, (k" d shall/or may have incurred by 0 f am granted m the Institute. leave) by Institute. WHEREAS I, E AND WHEREAS for the better am granted protection of the Institute, I --------(kind of leave) have agreed to execute this by Institute. bond with ~uch_ condition as AND WHEREAS FOR THE hereunder is written BETTER protection of the F NOW THE CONDITION OF Institute, I have agreed to THE ABOVE WRITTEN execute this bond with such OBLIGATION IS THAT in the condition as hereunder is event of my failing to resume written.

duty, or resigning or retiring AND WHEREAS for the better G fro_m_ service ~r othe_rwise protection of the Institute, I have qu1ttm_g service without agreed to execute this bond returning to duty after the with such condition as expiry of termination of the hereunder is written. period of study leave or at any H time within a double the period NOW THE CONDITION OF SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 127 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] of study leave after my return THE ABOVE WRITTEN A to duty, I shall forthwith pay to OBLIGATION IS THAT in the the Institute or as may be, event of my failing to resume directed by the Institute on duty, or resigning or retiring demand, the said sum of from service or otherwise Rs.--------------on I y quitting service without returning B together with interest thereon to duty after the expiry or from the date of demand at termination of the period of Government Rates for the time study leave or failing to being in force on Government complete the course of study or loans. at any time within the period of c . sanctioned leave after my

AND upon my making ~uch return to duty, I shall forthwith payment the above written pay to the Institute the total obligation shall b~ v~id and of amount of leave salary and no effect, ?th~rw1se it shall be other expenses incurred by the Da~d remain in full force and Institute, if any, along with bond virtue. money prescribed by the The bond shall in all respects Institute together with interest be governed by laws of India thereon from the date of for the time being in force and demand. at Go~ern~ent Rates E the rights and liabilities for the time being m force on hereunder shall, where Government loans. necessary, be accordingly AND upon my making such determined by the appropriate payment the above written courts in India. obligation shall be void and of F no effect, otherwise it shall be The Institute has agreed to and remain in full force and bear the stamp duty payable virtue. on this bond. The bond shall in all respects be Signed and dated this governedbythelawsoflndiafor G ______ day of one the time being in force and the thousand nine hundred and rights and liabilities hereunder signed and delivered by in the shall, where necessary, be presence of accordingly determined by the appropriate courts in India. H 128 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A 12. The above mentioned clause was inserted in the absence of a specific clause to that effect in the bond executed by the faculty members.

13. The question as to whether Rule 63 referred to above is also applicable to the respondent was not seen specifically8 urged by the appellant-institute either before the learned Single Judge or before the Division Bench, hence, the High Court had no occasion to e~amine its applicability. In this connection, we may refer to Rule 63 which reads as follows: c "63. Resignation or retirement after study leave or non-completion of the course of study. (1) If a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of threeD years after such return to duty or fails to complete the course of study and is thus unable to furnish the certificate as required under sub-rule (5) of Rule 53 he shall be required to refund- E (i) The actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India; and (ii) The actual amount, if any, of the cost incurred by F other agencies such as foreign Government, Foundations and Trusts in connection with the course of study, together with int~rest thereon at rates for the time being in force on Government loans from the date of demand, before his resignation is accepted or permission to retire is granted or his quitting service otherwise.:G (iii) Provided that except in the case of employees who fail to complete the course of study nothing in this rule shall apply - H

SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 129 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] (a) To a Government servant who, after return to duty A from study leave, is permitted to retire from service on medical grounds; or (b) To a Government servant who, after return to duty from study leave, is deputed to serve in any Statutory or B Autonomous Body or Institution under the control of the Government and is subsequently permitted to resign from service under the Government with a view to his permanent absorption in the said Statutory or Autonomous body or Institution in the public interest. c (2) (a) The study leave availed of by such Government servant shall be converted into regular leave standing at his credit on the date on which the study leave commenced, any regular leave taken in continuation of study leave being suitably adjusted for the purpose and the D balance of the period of study leave, if any, which cannot be so converted, treated as extraordinary leave. (b) In addition to the amount to be refunded by the Government servant under sub-rule (1), he shall be required E to refund any excess of leave salary actually drawn over the leave salary admissible on conversion of the study leave.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this rule, the President may, if it is necessary or expedient to do so, F either in public interest or haviog regard to the peculiar circumstances of the case or class of cases, by order, waive or reduce the amount required to be refunded under sub-rule(1) by the Government servant concerned or class of Government servant." G 14. If a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of three years after such return to duty or fails to ~omplete the course of study and is thus H 130 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A unable to furnish the certificates as required under sub-rule (5) of Rule 53, he shall be required to refund the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India.

15. The above mentioned provision has a laudable object8 to achieve. A Government servant or person like the respondent is given study leave with salary and allowances etc. so as to enable him to complete the course of study and to furnish the certificate of his successful completion, so that the C institute which has sanctioned the study leave would achieve the purpose and object for granting such study leave. The purpose of granting study leave with salary and other benefits is for the interest of the Institution and also the person concerned so that once he comes back and joins the institute the students will be benefited by the knowledge and expertise D acquired by the person at the expense of the institute. A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish the certificate to that effect is doing a disservice to the institute as well as the students of the institute. In other words, such a person only enjoys the period E of study leave without doing any work at the institute and, at the same time, enjoys the salary and other benefits, which is evidentially not in public interest. Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit. Further, if the period of study leave was not extended or no decision was taken on his F representation, he could have raised his grievances at the appropriate forum.

16. We notice that the appellant-institute has already recovered an amount of Rs.6.5 lacs as monthly installments G from the salary of the respondent and the appellant-institute has also recovered an amount of Rs.1. 75,000/- from the salary of the respondent and Rs.4,75,000/- from the arrears of revised scales admissible to the respondent with effect from 01.01.2006 and as such approximately Rs.6,50,000/- has been H SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 131 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] recovered from the respondent. Now the appellant-institute A claims balance amount of Rs.6, 18,000/-. 17. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case and considering the fact that the bond executed by the respondent is found to be vague, we find no reason for the 8 appellant-institute to recover the balance amount of Rs.6, 18,000/- from the respondent but the amount already recovered be not refunded, since public interest has definitely suffered due to non-obtaining of Ph.D by the respondent after availing of the entire salary and other benefits. We do so taking C into consideration all aspects of the matter and to do complete justice between the parties. 18. Appeal is allowed to the above extent and the judgment of the learned Single Judge and Division Bench is modified accordingly and no further amount be recovered by the D appellant-institute from the respondent. .. R.P. Appeal partly allowed .

[2013] 8 S.C.R. 118 A SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. & ANR. V. SURESH CHANDRA VERMA (Civil Appeal No. 5828 of 2013) JULY 18, 2013 B [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN AND PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, JJ.) SERVICE LAW: c Study leave - Availed by Lecturer to pursue Ph.D. course - Certificate for completion of study course not produced -Recovery of salary and other benefits paid during the period of study leave - Held: A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish0 the certificate to that effect, is doing a disservice to the institute as well as its students - Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit - However, in the instant case, considering the fact that the bond executed by respondent is E found to be vague, there is no reason for appellant-institute to recover the balance amount from him -- But the amount already recovered be not refunded, since public interest has suffered due to non-obtaining of Ph.D by respondent after availing of entire salary and other benefits - This order is made taking into consideration all aspects of the matter and F to do complete justice between the parties - Constitution of India, 1950 - Art. 142 - Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 - rr.53(5) and 63. Granting of study leave - Object of - Explained. G

The respondent, a Lecturer in the appellant Institute, after availing of study leave for three years to pursue Ph.D. course, resumed his duties as Lecturer in the Institute, but failed to produce the certificate of obtaining H 118 SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 119 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA the Ph.D. for which study leave was granted. The A appellant-Institute took steps to recover the amount of Rs.12,32, 126/- paid to the respondent during the period of study leave. The writ petition filed by the respondent was allowed by the single Judge of the High Court and the Institute was directed to refund with interest the B amount already recovered from him. The appeal of the Institute was dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court. Allowing the appeal in part, the Court c HELD: 1.1 The specific case of the appellant before this Court is that the respondent is governed by the provisions of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 forming part of the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules, though the question as to whether 0r. 63 of the 1972 Rules is also applicable to the respondent was not specifically urged by the appellant-institute before the High Court. [para 10 and 13] [124-D; 128-8]

1.2 Rule 63 of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules E 1972 mandates that if a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of three years after such return to duty or fails to complete the course of study and is, thus, unable to furnish the certificates as required under sub-rule (5) of F Rule 53, he shall be required to refund the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India. The provision has a laudable object to achieve. The purpose of granting study leave with salary and other G benefits is for the interest of the Institution and also the person concerned so that once he comes back and joins the institute, the students will be benefited by the knowledge and expertise acquired by the person at the expense of the institute. [para 14-15] [129-G-H; 130-A-B, HC-D] 120 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2'013] 8 S.C.R.

A 1.3 A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish the cert\ficate to that effect, is doing a disservice to the institute as well as to its students. Such a person only enjoys the period of study leave without doing any work B at the institute and, at the same time, enjoys the salary and other benefits, which is evidentially not in public interest. Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit. [para 15] [130-D-F]

1.4 In the instant case, there is no clear cut provision C in the bond either expressly referring to Rule 63 or strictly imposing a condition that if a candidate fails to complete the course study during the period of sanctioned leave, he will have to refund to the Institute the total amount of leave, salary and other benefits availed of by him during D the period of study leave. However, such a specific provision was incorporated in bond by the Board of Governors of the appellant-institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002. [para 10-11] (124-D-F] E 1.5 The appellant-Institute has already recovered an amount of Rs.6.5 lacs from the salary and arrears of salary of the respondent and claims balance amount of Rs.6,18,000/-. Considering the fa«ts and circumstances of the case and the fact that the bond executed by the respondent is found to be vague, there is no reason for F the appellant-Institute to recover the balance amount from him. But, the amount already _recovered be not refunded, since public interest has definitely suffered due to non_. obtaining of Ph.D by the respondent after availing of the entire salary and other benefits. This order is made taking G into consideration all aspects of the matter and to do complete justice between the parties. [para 16-17] [130-G-H; 131-A-C] . CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. H 5828 of 2013. SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 121 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA

From the Judgment and Order dated 23.08.2012 of the A High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh in LPA No. 363 of 2012. Ajay Jain, B.N. Gaur, Jinendra Jain for the Appellants. B Himanshu Shekhar for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Co1,1rt was delivered by K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. The question that has come up for consideration in this C appeal is whether the appellant-institute is justified, in directing the respondent to refund the entire amount of Rs.12,32, 126/-paid to him towards salary and other allowances for pursuing Ph.D studies at llT, Kanpur, on failure to produce the certificate of obtaining the Ph.D, for which study leave was granted. D

3. The appellant-institute was established by the Ministry of Human Resource & Development, Government of India in the year 1989 and has been fully funded by the Central Government. The respondent joined the service in the appellant- E institute as Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering on 30.08.1993. He applied for grant of study leave for pursuing his Ph.D at llT, Kanpur. The competent authority acceded to that request and granted three years study leave commencing from 24.07.1999 to 22.07.2002. The respondent after executing necessary bond F proceeded on study leave on 24.07.1999 and three years period was completed on 24.07.2002. Due to various reasons, the respondent could not complete his Ph.D studies and he joined back in service as Lecturer in the Institute in November 2003. The respondent was asked to produce the completion certificate of the Ph.D course which respondent could not G produce, hence, the appellant-institute demanded the refund of the amount of Rs. 12,32, 126/- paid to him during the period of study for pursuing Ph.D as per the terms and conditions of bond executed by the respondent. H 122 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A 4. Aggrieved by the steps taken by the appellant-institute to recover the amount, the respondent filed Civil Writ Petition No. 12555 of 2010 before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana.

B Writ Petition was allowed by learned Single Judge vide judgment dated 02.02.2012 quashing the demand notice and also ordered refund of the amount already recovered with interest from the respondent. 5. Aggrieved by the same, the appellant preferred LPA No. C 363 of 2012 before the Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana and the High Court vide judgment dated 23.08.2012 took the view that the appellant could not point out any term in the bond executed by the respondent that he had to complete the Ph.D programme within a period of three years D and that the only condition was that the respondent had to serve for a period of six years after joining service on the expiry of the study leave. The appeal was dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court. E 6. Aggrieved by the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court, this appeal has been preferred.

7. Shri Ajay Jain, learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted that the High Court has completely misunderstood terms and conditions on which the respondent F was granted study leave which is reflected in the bond executed by the respondent on 5.05.1999. Learned counsel submitted that the High Court has completely ignored the salutary principle of "no work no pay'' and that the respondent during the period of study not only not worked in the appellant-institute but also G was not successful in obtaining the Ph.D. Consequently, neither the institute, the respondent nor the students have been.... benefited and public money has been spent for no use . 8. Shri Himanshu Shekhar, learned counsel for the H respondent, on the other hand, submitted that he has completed SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 123 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.]

his course work required for the Ph.D programme, completed A comprehensive examination etc. but the thesis could not be completed due to retirement of the guide. Further, it was pointed out that the respondent had also made a written request on 24.05.2002 seeking extension of six months period so that the respondent could complete his thesis work. Another B representation was made on 04.06.2002 and all those representations left unattended. Under such circumstances, he had to join duty without obtaining Ph.D. Learned counsel also pointed out that similarly situated employee named Abanish Kumar Singh was provided extension of time but the same was c not done in the case of the respondent. Further, it was pointed out that there is no condition in the bond that if the respondent could not complete the Ph.D then the entire salary and other benefits could be recovered from the respondent. Learned counsel pointed out that the High Court has rightly interpreted 0 terms and conditions of bond, consequently the demand made for the reimbursement of the salary and other allowances is not justified. 9. We have gone through terms and conditions of the bond executed by the respondent on 05.05.1999. Some of the E relevant portions of the bond read as follows: "Whereas I, Suresh Chandra Varma, am granted (kind of leave) by the Institute. F And whereas for the better protection of the Institute, I have agreed to execute this Bond with such conditions as hereunder is written.

Now the condition of the above written obligation is that in the event of my failing of resume duty, or resigning or G retiring from service or otherwise quitting service without returning from duty after the expiry of termination of the period of study leave or at any time within a period of three years after my return to duty, I shall forthwith pay to the institute or as may be directed by the Institute, on demand, H 124 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A pay & allowances received by me during study leave, the said amount of Rs.10,000/- (ten thousand only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Govt. rates for the time being in force on Govt. loan. And upon my making such payment the above writtenB obligation shall be avoided and of no effect, otherwise I shall be and remain in full force and virtue. The bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities c hereunder shall, where necessary, be accordingly determined by the appropriate c0urts in India."

10. Further, it is the specific case of the appellant that the respondent herein is governed by the provisions of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 forming part of the0 Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules, Part Ill framed by the C.onstitution of India. We notice there "is no clear cut provision in the bond either expressly referring to Rule 63 or strictly imposing a condition that if a candidate fails to complete E the course study during the period of sanctioned leave, he will have to refund to the appellant-institute the total amount of leave, salary and other benefits availed of by him during the period of study leave. 11. Of late, such a specific provision was incorporated in F bond by the Board of Governors of the appellant-institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002, which reads as follows: TO APPROVE THE AMENDMENT IN BOND CONDITIONS TO BE EXECUTED BY THE FACULTY MEMBERS WHILE PROCEEDING ON STUDY LEAVE.G The Board of Governors of the Institute in its 22nd meeting held on 28.06.2002 decided that a faculty member, who is granted study leave for possessing higher education such as M.E./M.Tech. and Ph.D, he/she is required to H SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 125 SURES~ CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] execute a bond to serve the Institute for double the period A of study leave after returning from study leave.

The conditions of the bond are silent on the point when a faculty member resume his/her duty but fails to produce the educational qualifying certificate for which he/she was B sanctioned study leave. Following provision may kindly be allowed to be incorporated in the proforma of bond to be executed by a faculty member while prbceeding on study leave I extra ordinary leave of study I special leave for training I C sabbatical leave on the pattern of Central Government Rules to avoid legal complicacy. Proforma of bond presently filled Proposed Proforma of bond by a faculty members while to be filled by a faculty D proceeding on study leave I extra members while proceeding ordinary leave of study/special on study leave/extra leave for training/sabbatical leave ordinary leave of study I special leave for training I sabbatical leave. KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE EKNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT I,PRESENTS THAT

______ resident ofI ,_________ resident of --·----- at present ---- in the district of _________ at presentemployed as in employed as in the Fthe Sant Longowal Institute of Sant LongowaUnstitute ofEngineering & Technology, do ? Engineering & Technology, dohereby bi.nd myself and my hereby bind myself and myheirs, executors and heirs, execut'Ors andadministrators to pay to the administrators to -pay to the GDirector, Sant Longowal DirectoF, Sant l.ongowalInstitute of Engineering & Institute of Engineering &Technology (hereinafter called Technology (hereinafter calledthe Institute) on demand the the Institute) the total amountsum of o( leave salary and otherRs. · (Rs. only) H 126 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R.

A together with interest thereon expenses incurred by the from the date of demand at Institute, if any, along with bond Government rates for the time money prescribed the Institute being in force on Government together with interest thereon loans or, if payment is made from the date of demand at B in a country other than India, Government Rates for the time the equivalent of the said being in force on Government amount in the currency of that loans or if payment is made in country converted at the a country other than India, the official rate of exchange equivalent of the said amount C between that country and India in the currency of that country AND TOGETHER WITH all converted at the official rate of costs between attorney and exchange between that country client and all charges and and India AND TOGETHER expenses that shall/or may WITH all costs between D have incurred by the Institute. attorney and client and all charges and expenses that WHEREAS I, (k" d shall/or may have incurred by 0 f am granted m the Institute. leave) by Institute. WHEREAS I, E AND WHEREAS for the better am granted protection of the Institute, I --------(kind of leave) have agreed to execute this by Institute. bond with ~uch_ condition as AND WHEREAS FOR THE hereunder is written BETTER protection of the F NOW THE CONDITION OF Institute, I have agreed to THE ABOVE WRITTEN execute this bond with such OBLIGATION IS THAT in the condition as hereunder is event of my failing to resume written.

duty, or resigning or retiring AND WHEREAS for the better G fro_m_ service ~r othe_rwise protection of the Institute, I have qu1ttm_g service without agreed to execute this bond returning to duty after the with such condition as expiry of termination of the hereunder is written. period of study leave or at any H time within a double the period NOW THE CONDITION OF SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 127 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] of study leave after my return THE ABOVE WRITTEN A to duty, I shall forthwith pay to OBLIGATION IS THAT in the the Institute or as may be, event of my failing to resume directed by the Institute on duty, or resigning or retiring demand, the said sum of from service or otherwise Rs.--------------on I y quitting service without returning B together with interest thereon to duty after the expiry or from the date of demand at termination of the period of Government Rates for the time study leave or failing to being in force on Government complete the course of study or loans. at any time within the period of c . sanctioned leave after my

AND upon my making ~uch return to duty, I shall forthwith payment the above written pay to the Institute the total obligation shall b~ v~id and of amount of leave salary and no effect, ?th~rw1se it shall be other expenses incurred by the Da~d remain in full force and Institute, if any, along with bond virtue. money prescribed by the The bond shall in all respects Institute together with interest be governed by laws of India thereon from the date of for the time being in force and demand. at Go~ern~ent Rates E the rights and liabilities for the time being m force on hereunder shall, where Government loans. necessary, be accordingly AND upon my making such determined by the appropriate payment the above written courts in India. obligation shall be void and of F no effect, otherwise it shall be The Institute has agreed to and remain in full force and bear the stamp duty payable virtue. on this bond. The bond shall in all respects be Signed and dated this governedbythelawsoflndiafor G ______ day of one the time being in force and the thousand nine hundred and rights and liabilities hereunder signed and delivered by in the shall, where necessary, be presence of accordingly determined by the appropriate courts in India. H 128 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A 12. The above mentioned clause was inserted in the absence of a specific clause to that effect in the bond executed by the faculty members.

13. The question as to whether Rule 63 referred to above is also applicable to the respondent was not seen specifically8 urged by the appellant-institute either before the learned Single Judge or before the Division Bench, hence, the High Court had no occasion to e~amine its applicability. In this connection, we may refer to Rule 63 which reads as follows: c "63. Resignation or retirement after study leave or non-completion of the course of study. (1) If a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of threeD years after such return to duty or fails to complete the course of study and is thus unable to furnish the certificate as required under sub-rule (5) of Rule 53 he shall be required to refund- E (i) The actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India; and (ii) The actual amount, if any, of the cost incurred by F other agencies such as foreign Government, Foundations and Trusts in connection with the course of study, together with int~rest thereon at rates for the time being in force on Government loans from the date of demand, before his resignation is accepted or permission to retire is granted or his quitting service otherwise.:G (iii) Provided that except in the case of employees who fail to complete the course of study nothing in this rule shall apply - H

SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 129 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] (a) To a Government servant who, after return to duty A from study leave, is permitted to retire from service on medical grounds; or (b) To a Government servant who, after return to duty from study leave, is deputed to serve in any Statutory or B Autonomous Body or Institution under the control of the Government and is subsequently permitted to resign from service under the Government with a view to his permanent absorption in the said Statutory or Autonomous body or Institution in the public interest. c (2) (a) The study leave availed of by such Government servant shall be converted into regular leave standing at his credit on the date on which the study leave commenced, any regular leave taken in continuation of study leave being suitably adjusted for the purpose and the D balance of the period of study leave, if any, which cannot be so converted, treated as extraordinary leave. (b) In addition to the amount to be refunded by the Government servant under sub-rule (1), he shall be required E to refund any excess of leave salary actually drawn over the leave salary admissible on conversion of the study leave.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this rule, the President may, if it is necessary or expedient to do so, F either in public interest or haviog regard to the peculiar circumstances of the case or class of cases, by order, waive or reduce the amount required to be refunded under sub-rule(1) by the Government servant concerned or class of Government servant." G 14. If a Government servant resigns or retires from service or otherwise quits service without returning to duty after a period of study leave or within a period of three years after such return to duty or fails to ~omplete the course of study and is thus H 130 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 8 S.C.R. A unable to furnish the certificates as required under sub-rule (5) of Rule 53, he shall be required to refund the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India.

15. The above mentioned provision has a laudable object8 to achieve. A Government servant or person like the respondent is given study leave with salary and allowances etc. so as to enable him to complete the course of study and to furnish the certificate of his successful completion, so that the C institute which has sanctioned the study leave would achieve the purpose and object for granting such study leave. The purpose of granting study leave with salary and other benefits is for the interest of the Institution and also the person concerned so that once he comes back and joins the institute the students will be benefited by the knowledge and expertise D acquired by the person at the expense of the institute. A candidate who avails of leave but takes no interest to complete the course and does not furnish the certificate to that effect is doing a disservice to the institute as well as the students of the institute. In other words, such a person only enjoys the period E of study leave without doing any work at the institute and, at the same time, enjoys the salary and other benefits, which is evidentially not in public interest. Public money cannot be spent unless there is mutual benefit. Further, if the period of study leave was not extended or no decision was taken on his F representation, he could have raised his grievances at the appropriate forum.

16. We notice that the appellant-institute has already recovered an amount of Rs.6.5 lacs as monthly installments G from the salary of the respondent and the appellant-institute has also recovered an amount of Rs.1. 75,000/- from the salary of the respondent and Rs.4,75,000/- from the arrears of revised scales admissible to the respondent with effect from 01.01.2006 and as such approximately Rs.6,50,000/- has been H SANT LONGOWAL INSTT. OF ENGG. & TECH. v. 131 SURESH CHANDRA VERMA [K.S. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.] recovered from the respondent. Now the appellant-institute A claims balance amount of Rs.6, 18,000/-. 17. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case and considering the fact that the bond executed by the respondent is found to be vague, we find no reason for the 8 appellant-institute to recover the balance amount of Rs.6, 18,000/- from the respondent but the amount already recovered be not refunded, since public interest has definitely suffered due to non-obtaining of Ph.D by the respondent after availing of the entire salary and other benefits. We do so taking C into consideration all aspects of the matter and to do complete justice between the parties. 18. Appeal is allowed to the above extent and the judgment of the learned Single Judge and Division Bench is modified accordingly and no further amount be recovered by the D appellant-institute from the respondent. .. R.P. Appeal partly allowed .