[2013] 2 S.C.R. 389 ESCORTS LTD. A v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING LLC (Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 35092 of 2012) MARCH 13, 2013 B [H.L. GOKHALE AND DIPAK MISRA, JJ.]

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - ss.48(1 )(e) and 202 - New York ~tion, as adopted under the Act -Respondent-company and Escorts AMI were respectively C . holding 49% and 51% shares in another company, "BCH"-Agreement whereby respondent sold its shareholding in BCH to Escorts AMI for a price to be paid in installments - Escorts AMI defaulted in payment of installments - Suit filed by respondent against Escorts AMI in a North Carolina Court in D the United States - Consent order passed therein wherein both the parties agreed to refer the matter to arbitration - Arbitration followed by award in favour of the respondent - Respondent sought execution of that award by filing execution petition in India, since the Escorts AMI subsequently merged with the E petitioner - Execution objected to by the petitioner, and those objections rejected by the High Court - Whether under the terms of agreement, it was necessary for the respondent to go for confirmation of the award in the concerned Court in United States and unless a confirmation of the award by the F foreign Court was obtained, the award could not be executed in India - Held: Even as per the requirement of the US Law, a notice of three months is required to be given in case a party does not want the award to be enforced - In the instant case, the consent order clearly recorded that the award given by the G arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties - If the petitioner wanted to dispute it, it was required of them to have issued necessary notice which it had not done - The submission that the respondent ought to proceed for 389 H

390 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013) 2 S.C.R. A confirmation of the award under the US Law and then come to India for execution is not tenable in view of the changed law and doing away of the rule of double excequatur - Federal Arbitration Act of U.S. - s. 9. Oil and Natural Gas Commission vs. Western Company 8 of North America (1987) 1 sec 496: 1987 (1) SCR 1024 and Harendra H. Mehta an Ors. Vs. Mukesh H. Mehta and Ors. (1995) 5 sec 108 - referred to. Russeel N. V. v. Oriental Commercial & Shipping Co. C (U.K.) Ltd. and Others (1991) Vol. 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 625 and Florasynth, Inc. v. Alfred Pickholz 750 F. 2d 171 - . referred to. Case Law Reference: D 1987 (1) SCR 1024 referred to Para 5 (1991) Vol. 2 LLR 625 .referred to Para 7 750 F. 2d 171 referred to Para 7 (1995) 5 sec 108 referred to Para 9E CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : SLP (Civil) No. 35092 of 2012. From the Judgment and Order dated 13.07.2012 of the F High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Exp. No. 372·of 2010. Parag P. Tripathi, Simran Mehta, Chanchal Kumar Ganguli, Yogita Sunari, Vipul Sharma for the Petitioner. Dharmendra Rautray, Tara Shahani, Meera Mathur for the G Respondent. The following order of the Court was delivered ORDER H 1. This special leave petition seeks to challenge the ·ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 391 LLC judgment and order dated 13th July, 2012 passed by the A learned Single Judge of the Delhi High Court in Execution Petition No.372 of 2010.

2. The short facts leading to this petition are this wise: The respondent herein and Escorts Agri Machinery Inc., ("Escorts B AMI") which was a subsidiary of the petitioner, were holding following percentage of shares in another company, by name, Beever Creek Holdings ("BCH"). The respondent held 49% of shares and Escorts AMI held 51%. There was an agreement between the two parties whereby the respondent sold its shareholding in BCH for a price of Rs.1.2 Million Dollars which C was to be paid in four installments. The Escorts AMI paid the first two installments but defaulted in. the payment of the other two. This led to a suit being filed by the respondent in the Wake Country Superior Court in the State of North Carolina, USA. A consent order was passed therein on 19th June, 2009, wherein D both the parties agreed to refer the matter to arbitration. The arbitration was followed by an award in favour of the respondent herein. The respondent sought the execution of that award by filing the aforesaid execution petition in India, since the Escorts AMI has subsequently merged with the petitioner herein. The E execution was objected to by the petitioner, and those objections have been rejected by the impugned order. Therefore, this special leave petition has been preferred by Escorts Limited. F

3. The main submission of Mr. Parag Tripathi, learned senior counsel appearing for the petitioner is that under the terms of agreement, it was necessary for the respondent to go for confirmation of the award in the concerned Court in United States. He relied upon paragraphs 2 and 8 of the consent order G dated 19th June, 2009. These two paragraphs read as under: "2. The case will be stayed from the date and time of entry of this Order until completion of arbitration between plaintiff and EAMI. Upon the issuance of a decision by the H 392 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 2 S.C.R. A arbitrators, this Court may confirm and enter judgement upon such decision in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act and may conduct such further proceedings as are necessary to resolve plaintiffs claims against Escorts Limited." B "8. The plaintiff agree that entry of this order resolves defendants motion to dismiss. The Court shall retain jurisdiction for the purposes of entering an order confirming the arbitration decision pursuant to the Federal c Arbitration Act." 4. The submission of Mr. Tripathi is that unless a confirmation of the award by the foreign Court was obtained, the award could not be executed in India. He relied upon Section 9 of the Federal Arbitration Act of U.S. which reads D as follows: "& 9. Award of arbitrators: confirmation; jurisdiction; procedure

If the parties in their agreement have agreed that a E judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration, and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is inade any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon F the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected as prescribed in sections 10 and 11 of this title. If no court is specified in the agreement of the parties, then such application maybe made to the United States court in and for the district within G which such award was made. Notice of the application shall be served upon the adverse party, and thereupon the court shall have jurisdiction of such party as though he had appeared generally in the proceeding. If the adverse party is a resident of the district within which the award was H made, such service shall be made upon the adverse party ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 393 LLC or his attorney as prescribed by law for service of notice A of motion in an action in the same court. If the adverse party shall be a nonresident, then the notice of the application shall be served by the marshal of any district within which the adverse party may be found in like manner as other process of the court." B

5. Mr. Tripathi submitted that ultimately what one has to see is whether the consent award was a binding one as required under Section 48(1 )(e) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and that unless a confirmation of the award was obtained, the award could not be said to be binding and, therefore, not C executable in India. Mr. Tripathi referred to and relied upon paragraph 15 of the judgment of this Court in Oil and Natural Gas Commission Vs. Western Company of North America, (1987) 1 SCC 496, wherein this Court held that recognition and enforcement of the award will be refused if the award has not D become binding on the parties. 6. Mr. Rautray, learned counsel appearing for the respondent, on the other hand, pointed out that the relevant Section of the Federal US Law is concerning the domestic E awards and when it comes to foreign awards, there is a separate chapter under the US Law and in that behalf he referred to Section 202 of the said Act which reads as follows: "202. Agreement or award falling under the Convention F

An arbitration agreement or arbitral award arising out of a legal relationship, whether contractual or not, which is considered as commercial, including a transaction, contract, or agreement described in section 2 of this title, falls under the Convention. An agreement or award arising G out of such a relationship which is entirely between citizens of the United States shall be deemed not to fall under the Convention unless that relationship involves property located abroad, envisages performance or enforcement abroad, or has some other reasonable relation with one H 394 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 2 S.C.R. A or more foreign states. For the purpose of this section a corporation is a citizen of the United States if it is incorporated or has its principal place of business in the United States." 7. He pointed out that the requirement of this double 8 excequatur has been removed in view of the provisions of the New York Convention which has been now adopted under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. He further pointed out that even in England, this has been accepted. He referred to and relied upon the judgment in the case of Russeel N. V. V. C Oriental Commercial & Shipping Co. (U.K.) Ltd. and Others, reported in (1991) Vol. 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 625. He referred to and relied upon an American judgment in the case of Florasynth, Inc. V. Alfred Pickholz. 750 F. 2d 171, to the same effect. D

8. The Oriental Commercial & Shipping Company's judgment (supra) refers to the commentary of Dr. Albert Jan van den Berg which noted the features emerging out of the New York Convention. It records that the burden of proving that the E award is not enforceable lies on the party which has raised the issue. It also points out that if any such additional procedure is required to be followed, this will be a proceeding of no consideration or any substance. It will be a procedural addition resulting into further delay into getting the fruits of the award of F the party which has succeeded. 9. He also drew our attention to certain observations of this Court in paragraph 33 in Harendra H. Mehta and Ors. Vs. Mukesh H. Mehta and Ors., reported in (1995) 5 SCC 108. It was in a situation where a judgment had, in fact, been obtained G before going for execution. However, the Court also observed that it was not material for the purpose of enforcement of a foreign award under the Foreign Awards Act that the award in any country other than India is made enforceable by a judgment. H 10. We have noted the submissions of both the counsel ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 395 LLC

appearing for the parties. It is also material to note that even A as per the requirement of the US Law, a notice of three months is required to be given in case a party does not want the award to be enforced. In the instant case, paragraph 7 of the consent order clearly recorded that the award given by the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties. If the petitioner wanted B to dispute it, it was required of them to have issued necessary notice which they had not done. The submission of Mr. Tripathy, which was emphasised, was that the respondent ought to proceed for confirmation of the award under the US Law and then come to India for execution. In our considered view, the c said submission is not tenable in view of the changed law and doing away of the rule of double excequatur. We, therefore, see no error in the order passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court. The special leave petition is, therefore, dismissed. D B.B.B. SLP dismissed.

[2013] 2 S.C.R. 389 ESCORTS LTD. A v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING LLC (Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 35092 of 2012) MARCH 13, 2013 B [H.L. GOKHALE AND DIPAK MISRA, JJ.]

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - ss.48(1 )(e) and 202 - New York ~tion, as adopted under the Act -Respondent-company and Escorts AMI were respectively C . holding 49% and 51% shares in another company, "BCH"-Agreement whereby respondent sold its shareholding in BCH to Escorts AMI for a price to be paid in installments - Escorts AMI defaulted in payment of installments - Suit filed by respondent against Escorts AMI in a North Carolina Court in D the United States - Consent order passed therein wherein both the parties agreed to refer the matter to arbitration - Arbitration followed by award in favour of the respondent - Respondent sought execution of that award by filing execution petition in India, since the Escorts AMI subsequently merged with the E petitioner - Execution objected to by the petitioner, and those objections rejected by the High Court - Whether under the terms of agreement, it was necessary for the respondent to go for confirmation of the award in the concerned Court in United States and unless a confirmation of the award by the F foreign Court was obtained, the award could not be executed in India - Held: Even as per the requirement of the US Law, a notice of three months is required to be given in case a party does not want the award to be enforced - In the instant case, the consent order clearly recorded that the award given by the G arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties - If the petitioner wanted to dispute it, it was required of them to have issued necessary notice which it had not done - The submission that the respondent ought to proceed for 389 H

390 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013) 2 S.C.R. A confirmation of the award under the US Law and then come to India for execution is not tenable in view of the changed law and doing away of the rule of double excequatur - Federal Arbitration Act of U.S. - s. 9. Oil and Natural Gas Commission vs. Western Company 8 of North America (1987) 1 sec 496: 1987 (1) SCR 1024 and Harendra H. Mehta an Ors. Vs. Mukesh H. Mehta and Ors. (1995) 5 sec 108 - referred to. Russeel N. V. v. Oriental Commercial & Shipping Co. C (U.K.) Ltd. and Others (1991) Vol. 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 625 and Florasynth, Inc. v. Alfred Pickholz 750 F. 2d 171 - . referred to. Case Law Reference: D 1987 (1) SCR 1024 referred to Para 5 (1991) Vol. 2 LLR 625 .referred to Para 7 750 F. 2d 171 referred to Para 7 (1995) 5 sec 108 referred to Para 9E CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : SLP (Civil) No. 35092 of 2012. From the Judgment and Order dated 13.07.2012 of the F High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Exp. No. 372·of 2010. Parag P. Tripathi, Simran Mehta, Chanchal Kumar Ganguli, Yogita Sunari, Vipul Sharma for the Petitioner. Dharmendra Rautray, Tara Shahani, Meera Mathur for the G Respondent. The following order of the Court was delivered ORDER H 1. This special leave petition seeks to challenge the ·ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 391 LLC judgment and order dated 13th July, 2012 passed by the A learned Single Judge of the Delhi High Court in Execution Petition No.372 of 2010.

2. The short facts leading to this petition are this wise: The respondent herein and Escorts Agri Machinery Inc., ("Escorts B AMI") which was a subsidiary of the petitioner, were holding following percentage of shares in another company, by name, Beever Creek Holdings ("BCH"). The respondent held 49% of shares and Escorts AMI held 51%. There was an agreement between the two parties whereby the respondent sold its shareholding in BCH for a price of Rs.1.2 Million Dollars which C was to be paid in four installments. The Escorts AMI paid the first two installments but defaulted in. the payment of the other two. This led to a suit being filed by the respondent in the Wake Country Superior Court in the State of North Carolina, USA. A consent order was passed therein on 19th June, 2009, wherein D both the parties agreed to refer the matter to arbitration. The arbitration was followed by an award in favour of the respondent herein. The respondent sought the execution of that award by filing the aforesaid execution petition in India, since the Escorts AMI has subsequently merged with the petitioner herein. The E execution was objected to by the petitioner, and those objections have been rejected by the impugned order. Therefore, this special leave petition has been preferred by Escorts Limited. F

3. The main submission of Mr. Parag Tripathi, learned senior counsel appearing for the petitioner is that under the terms of agreement, it was necessary for the respondent to go for confirmation of the award in the concerned Court in United States. He relied upon paragraphs 2 and 8 of the consent order G dated 19th June, 2009. These two paragraphs read as under: "2. The case will be stayed from the date and time of entry of this Order until completion of arbitration between plaintiff and EAMI. Upon the issuance of a decision by the H 392 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 2 S.C.R. A arbitrators, this Court may confirm and enter judgement upon such decision in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act and may conduct such further proceedings as are necessary to resolve plaintiffs claims against Escorts Limited." B "8. The plaintiff agree that entry of this order resolves defendants motion to dismiss. The Court shall retain jurisdiction for the purposes of entering an order confirming the arbitration decision pursuant to the Federal c Arbitration Act." 4. The submission of Mr. Tripathi is that unless a confirmation of the award by the foreign Court was obtained, the award could not be executed in India. He relied upon Section 9 of the Federal Arbitration Act of U.S. which reads D as follows: "& 9. Award of arbitrators: confirmation; jurisdiction; procedure

If the parties in their agreement have agreed that a E judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration, and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is inade any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon F the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected as prescribed in sections 10 and 11 of this title. If no court is specified in the agreement of the parties, then such application maybe made to the United States court in and for the district within G which such award was made. Notice of the application shall be served upon the adverse party, and thereupon the court shall have jurisdiction of such party as though he had appeared generally in the proceeding. If the adverse party is a resident of the district within which the award was H made, such service shall be made upon the adverse party ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 393 LLC or his attorney as prescribed by law for service of notice A of motion in an action in the same court. If the adverse party shall be a nonresident, then the notice of the application shall be served by the marshal of any district within which the adverse party may be found in like manner as other process of the court." B

5. Mr. Tripathi submitted that ultimately what one has to see is whether the consent award was a binding one as required under Section 48(1 )(e) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and that unless a confirmation of the award was obtained, the award could not be said to be binding and, therefore, not C executable in India. Mr. Tripathi referred to and relied upon paragraph 15 of the judgment of this Court in Oil and Natural Gas Commission Vs. Western Company of North America, (1987) 1 SCC 496, wherein this Court held that recognition and enforcement of the award will be refused if the award has not D become binding on the parties. 6. Mr. Rautray, learned counsel appearing for the respondent, on the other hand, pointed out that the relevant Section of the Federal US Law is concerning the domestic E awards and when it comes to foreign awards, there is a separate chapter under the US Law and in that behalf he referred to Section 202 of the said Act which reads as follows: "202. Agreement or award falling under the Convention F

An arbitration agreement or arbitral award arising out of a legal relationship, whether contractual or not, which is considered as commercial, including a transaction, contract, or agreement described in section 2 of this title, falls under the Convention. An agreement or award arising G out of such a relationship which is entirely between citizens of the United States shall be deemed not to fall under the Convention unless that relationship involves property located abroad, envisages performance or enforcement abroad, or has some other reasonable relation with one H 394 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 2 S.C.R. A or more foreign states. For the purpose of this section a corporation is a citizen of the United States if it is incorporated or has its principal place of business in the United States." 7. He pointed out that the requirement of this double 8 excequatur has been removed in view of the provisions of the New York Convention which has been now adopted under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. He further pointed out that even in England, this has been accepted. He referred to and relied upon the judgment in the case of Russeel N. V. V. C Oriental Commercial & Shipping Co. (U.K.) Ltd. and Others, reported in (1991) Vol. 2 Lloyd's Law Reports 625. He referred to and relied upon an American judgment in the case of Florasynth, Inc. V. Alfred Pickholz. 750 F. 2d 171, to the same effect. D

8. The Oriental Commercial & Shipping Company's judgment (supra) refers to the commentary of Dr. Albert Jan van den Berg which noted the features emerging out of the New York Convention. It records that the burden of proving that the E award is not enforceable lies on the party which has raised the issue. It also points out that if any such additional procedure is required to be followed, this will be a proceeding of no consideration or any substance. It will be a procedural addition resulting into further delay into getting the fruits of the award of F the party which has succeeded. 9. He also drew our attention to certain observations of this Court in paragraph 33 in Harendra H. Mehta and Ors. Vs. Mukesh H. Mehta and Ors., reported in (1995) 5 SCC 108. It was in a situation where a judgment had, in fact, been obtained G before going for execution. However, the Court also observed that it was not material for the purpose of enforcement of a foreign award under the Foreign Awards Act that the award in any country other than India is made enforceable by a judgment. H 10. We have noted the submissions of both the counsel ESCORTS LTD. v. UNIVERSAL TRACTOR HOLDING 395 LLC

appearing for the parties. It is also material to note that even A as per the requirement of the US Law, a notice of three months is required to be given in case a party does not want the award to be enforced. In the instant case, paragraph 7 of the consent order clearly recorded that the award given by the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties. If the petitioner wanted B to dispute it, it was required of them to have issued necessary notice which they had not done. The submission of Mr. Tripathy, which was emphasised, was that the respondent ought to proceed for confirmation of the award under the US Law and then come to India for execution. In our considered view, the c said submission is not tenable in view of the changed law and doing away of the rule of double excequatur. We, therefore, see no error in the order passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court. The special leave petition is, therefore, dismissed. D B.B.B. SLP dismissed.