[2013] 4 S.C.R. 704 A STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. & ANR. (Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008) MARCH 11, 2013 B [R.M. LODHA AND ANIL R. DAVE, JJ.]

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 - s.9 - Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 - rr. 64A, 648, C 64C & 640 - Mining lease for extracting lead and zinc -Recovery of royalty in respect of minerals extracted by the lessee - Methodology fOr calculation of royalty -Notifications issued by the Central Government from time to time -Notification dated 11th April, 1997 substituted by Notification D dated 12th September, 2000 - High Court held that lessee-company was not liable to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been taken out of the leased area and that as per r. 64C, unless dumped tailings or rejects are consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on such tailings or rejects E - Held: Conclusion arrived at by the High Court is correct -Negligible contents of metal remaining in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in the ore produced - By virtue of Notification dated 12th F September, 2000 read with the relevant Rules, lessee-company supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of metal in the ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping G ground of the leased area.

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 - s.9 - Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 - rr. 64A, 648, 64C & 640 - Mining lease for extracting lead and zinc -Recovery of royalty in respect of the minerals extracted by the H 704 STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 705 LTD. & ANR. lessee - Dispute over methodology for calculation of royalty A - Direction issued by High Court remitting the matter to the mining engineer for re-computing the royalty payable on lead and zinc contained in the ore produced - Held: As the metal concentrate taken out from the leased area was known to the parties, it was not necessary to have any further details B regarding the ore produced by the lessee-company - Direction accordingly quashed. Mis Hindustan Zinc Limited had been leased land by the State of Rajasthan for the purpose of extracting lead C and zinc therefrom under the provisions of Mines and · Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. Section 9 of the Act enables the State to recover royalty iri respect of the minerals extracted by the holder of a mining lease. Rules 64A, 648, 64C & 640 of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 pertain to calculation of the D amount of royalty payable.

Under Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of lead and zinc was to be charged on the basis of mineral concentrate produced. But thereafter, by virtue E of another Notification dated 12th September, 2000, substituting the Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals became payable on ad valorem basis on the contents of metal found in the ore produced. F Accordingly notices were issued to the lessee company (M/s Hindustan Zinc Limited) for recovery of additional royalty in respect of lead and zinc extracted by the company. The company raised contention that unless the ores are taken out of the leased premises, G royalty would not be leviable and that negligible contents of lead and zinc contained in tailings, which is not taken out of the leased area and which is dumped within the leased area, can never be taken into account for the purpose of calculating royalty. H 706 SUPRl=ML: COUR"'." R:PORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R.

A Tha additioni!I damand for royalty was quashed by the High Court. The High Court held that the lessee-com?any was not lid:>le to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been t;:;.ken out of the leased area and further that as per Rule 64C of the Rules, unless dumped B tailings or r:ljects ara consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on .i;uch tailings or rejects. The High Court also directed that the royalty payable on lead and zinc conU;inecl in >.h" ore produced be re-calculated by the mining engir.e1Y. c Against the jud;imcnt deltverad b:• the High Court, the instant two app,,ab were filed- one by the State of Raj<'sthan wherac.s the other by Mis Hindustan Zinc Lir.1i1~.d. l 1 The appea! iilsd by the State of Rajasthan, viz. Civil •:Jpeal ~~o. 14!!"\ of 2oca rn;.;inly chali:mged th~ impugned judgrnenl on th" ground that by virtue of methodology dir:icted to ,J'il ampioyad in t!i:; :raid judgment, the State would su;·fer sull:>t::mtb« loss as the lessee company, viz. E Hindu$t;in z::ic Umit d would be paying much less royalty than wh.al lt h >Up!)oscd to pay. On the other hand, appeal f!leo by :-ilnrlustan Zinc Limited i.e. Civil Appe;;.: no. 1526 c i ?.IJ::3 cliciilenged the direction issued by the !-;lgl1 CoU<t, whernby th~ ;::mount of royalty was F directed to !Je re-calculded oy the mining engineer. Oisposlnfl or t:1:i ain:ials the Court HEL;)'. C CIVIL APP~J>.'- NO ... l<;.S..\ o;: ~008

1. '. Tile concl-..:>io.1 <:rri'.•td ;c,! by tile High Court is correct. Upon p~t'...css~ oi 'J1e prov~:sions of Rule 64C of the i;lineral C.:ir ce~sic1,1 RuL:is, 1 !!SO, it is very clear that unlc<>::: t:13 tailings or r'"iec.s are u<ied for sale or for H consum•:riion, ·.'..Jc:1 1am.1~u or 1.::jucts would not be liable STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 707 LTD. & ANR. for payment of royalty. Moreover, Rule 648 of the Rules A also make it clear that in case of processing of run-of-mine, royalty shall be charged only on the processed mineral removed from the leased area. [Paras 23, 27, 28] [714-F; 715-H; 716-A-B] B 1.2. The Notification dated 12th September, 2000 clearly denote intention of the Government with regard to the calculation of royalty on the contents of metal in the ore produced and not on tailings or rejects, which are not taken out of the leased area. The negligible contents C of metal which remains in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in the ore produced. [Para 29] [716-B-D]

1.3. Once a portion of the metal is returned back to D the mother earth, it cannot be said to have been extracted or cannot be said to have been taken out of the leased area and when the metal which has not been taken out from the leased area or which is not contained in the ore produced, it cannot be made subject to payment of E royalty because the lease holder never took out that portion of the metal from the earth and therefore, that cannot be said to be the part of metal contained in the ore produced. [Para 31] [716-E-G] F 1.4. The courts below did not commit any mistake in arriving at the conclusion that t!le holder of the lease was not liable to pay the amount demanded under the impugned notices because, by virtue of Notification dated 12th September, 2000 read with tha relevant Rules, the lease holder is supposed to pay royalty only on the G contents of metal in the ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping ground of the leased area. [Para 35] [717-D-F] H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R. 708 A National Mineral Development Corporation Limited v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr. (2004) 6 SCC 281: 2004 (2) Suppl. SCR 1 - relied on. State of Orissa & Ors. v. Mis. Steel Authority of India Ltd. B (1998) 6 SCC 476: 1998 (3) SCR 1074 - referred to. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1526 OF 2008

2. The Hindustan Zinc Limited has been aggrieved by the directions whereby the matter has been ordered to be remitted to the mining engineer for re-computing the C royalty payable on lead and zinc contained in the ore produced. The submission on behalf of the said lessee company was to the effect that as the entire concentrate has been taken out of the leased area and as the quantity of concentrate of lead and zinc was very much known, it D was not necessary to give such a direction because there is no question with regard to re-computation of royalty on the basis of metal contained in ore produced. There is substance in what has been submitted because the metal concentrate which had been taken out from the E leased area is known to the parties and therefore, it is not necessary to have any further details regarding the ore produced by the appellant-company. Therefore, the afore-stated direction is quashed. [Paras 36, 38, 39 and 40] [717-G-H; 718-A, B-0] F Case Law Reference: 1998 (3) SCR 1074 referred to Para 19 2004 (2) Suppl. SCR 1 relied on Para 20, 30 G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 From the Judgment & Order dated 06.07.2007 of the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur in D B Civil Special Appeal No. 43 of 2006 in S B Civil Writ Petition No. H 4785 of 2003. STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 709 LTD. & ANR. WITH A Civil Appeal Noc 1526 of 2008.

Basava Prabhu S. Patil, K.K. Venugopal, Dushyant A Dave, Pragati Neekhra, Suryanarayana Singh, Yashode 8Sharma, Milind Kumar, Anirudh Singaneria, Dhirandra Negi, Chetan Chopra, Dheeraj Nair, Pooja Dhar, Vibha Datta Makhija for the Appearing Parties. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by c ANIL R. DAVE, J. 1. Being aggrieved by the judgment dated 6th July, 2007 delivered by the High Court of Rajasthan in D.S. Civil Special Appeal No.43 of 2006, the afore-stated two appeals have been filed. One appeal has been filed by the State of Rajasthan whereas the other appeal has been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited, who had been leased land situated in D districts Bhilwara, Rajsamand and Udaipur by the State of Rajasthan for extraction of lead and zinc therefrom. 2. As both the appeals arise from a common judgment, at the request of the learned counsel, both the appeals were heard E together. So far as the appeal filed by the State of Rajasthan, viz. Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 is concerned, it mainly challenges the impugned judgment on the ground that by virtue of methodology directed to be employed in the said judgment, the State would suffer substantial loss as the lessee company, F viz. Hindustan Zinc Limited would be paying much less royalty than what it is supposed to pay.

3. On the other hand, an appeal has also been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited as it has been aggrieved by the G direction issued by the High Court, whereby the amount of royalty has been directed to be re-calculated. 4. As Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 filed by the State of Rajasthan is the main appeal, we would like to deal with the said appeal at the first instance and, thereafter we would deal H 710 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R. A with the appeal filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited i.e. Civil Appeal No. 1526 of 2008. Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008

5. The appellant-State and the State Authorities have been B aggrieved by the impugned order whereby the additional demand raised under notice dated 24th December, 2001 and subsequent notices issued by the State for recovery of royalty in respect of the lead and zinc extracted by the respondent-company had been quashed by the learned Single Judge of C the Rajasthan High Court and the order of the learned Single Judge was confirmed by the Division Bench in the appeal filed before it. After hearing the concerned learned advocates appearing for the State and the respondent-company, the learned Single Judge had come to the conclusion that the D impugned notices, whereby additional amount was demanded, were bad in law and therefore, the petition was allowed and the impugned notices dated 22nd December, 2001, 24th December, 2001 and 4th January, 2002 had been quashed. It may also be stated here that the afore-stated notices had been E challenged by the respondent-company initially before the revisional authority under the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, which had confirmed the validity of the said notices and therefore, the order passed by the revisional authority dated 2nd July, 2003, whereby the validity of the impugned notices F had been upheld, was also quashed and set aside. 6. The facts giving rise to the issue in question, in a nutshell, are as under:

7. The respondent-company had been leased land in the G areas of District Bhilwara, Rajsamand and Udaipur for the purpose of extracting lead and zinc therefrom under the provisions of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'). Section 9 of the Act is the charging section, which enables the H State to recover royalty in respect of the minerals extracted by STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 711 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] the holder of a mining lease. The Mineral Concession Rules, A 1960 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules') have been framed in exercise of the powers conferred under Section 13 of the Act. Rules 64A, 648, 64C & 64D of the Rules are relevant Rules, which pertain to calculation of the amount of royalty payable by the holder of the lease in respect of the minerals extracted from B the land leased to the holder of the mining lease. 8. From time to time, the Government had issued Notifications determining the rate at which royalty was to be paid by the holder of the lease in respect of the minerals C extracted. In the instant case, we are concerned with two minerals: lead and zinc. Two Notifications are relevant for the purpose of determining the issue involved in these appeals. Under Notification dated 11th April, 1997, by virtue of item nos. 22 and 41 incorporated in the said Notification, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals was to be paid as D under:

Item No. 22 4% of London metal exchange Lead concentrate metal price on ad valorem basis Chargeable per tonne of E concentrate produced. Item No. 41 3.5% of London metal exchange Zinc concentrate metal price on ad valorem basis Chargeable per tonne of F concentrate produced. 9. Thereafter, by virtue of another Notification dated 12th September, 2000, substituting the Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals was payable as under: G Item No. 25 5% of London metal exchange Lead lead metal price chargeable on the contained lead metal in ore produced. H 712 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R. A Item No. 50 6.6% of London metal exchange Zinc Zinc metal price on ad valorem basis chargeable on contained zinc metal in ore produced. B 10. By virtue of the afore-stated Notification dated 12th September, 2000, the manner in which the royalty was to be calculated had been changed. 11. Formerly the royalty was to be charged on the basis of mineral concentrate produced but by virtue of the Notification C dated 12th September, 2000, royalty is now to be charged on ad valorem basis on the contents of metal found in the ore produced. 12. According to the appellant-State, the respondent-lease holder was supposed to pay the royalty on the entire mineral0 extracted from the earth and accordingly the impugned notices were issued to the respondent for recovery of difference of royalty.

13. On the other hand, the case of the respondent-E company was that the royalty was chargeable only on the contents of lead and zinc metal in the ore produced because, by virtue of the Notification issued in 2000, the respondent-company was supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of lead or zinc, as the case may be, contained in the ore produced. F 14. As stated hereinabove, the demand made by the appellant-State under the impugned notices had been upheld by the revisional authority but the same had been quashed by the High Court when the order of the revisional authority was G challenged before the learned Single Judge of the High Court and the view of the learned Single Judge had been upheld by virtue of the impugned order passed by the Division Bench. 15. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant-State submitted that the High Court committed an error in interpreting H STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 713 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.) provisions of the Rule 64A, 64B and 64C of the Rules read A with the Notification dated 12th September, 2000 issued by the Central Government. 16. The sum and substance of the submissions made by the learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant was that B the royalty ought to have been charged on the basis of the metal contained in the ore produced so as to g~e effect to the provisions of Section 9 and the Second Schedule to the Act read with Rules 64B, 64C and 64D of the Rules.

17. According to the learned counsel, the contention of the C respondent, that unless the ores are taken out of the leased premises, the royalty would not be leviable, is not correct because processing the ore would also amount to consumption of the ores and therefore, even if the said ores are not physically taken out of the leased area, the royalty will have to be paid on D the contents of lead and zinc contained in the ore. 18. He further submitted that the methodology approved by the High Court would amount to re-writing the provisions with regard to computation and calculation of royalty. E 19. He further submitted that the amount of royalty demanded by the appellant-State from the respondent-company was just and proper and therefore, the order passed by the High Court be quashed and set aside. So as to substantiate his submissions, he relied upon the judgment F delivered by this Court in State of Orissa & Ors. v. Mis. Steel Authority of India Ltd. [(1998) 6 SCC 476). 20. On the other hand, the learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent-company vehemently supported G the reasons given by the High Court whereby the High Court has held that the respondent-company was not liable to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been taken out of the leased area. Relying upon the judgment delivered in National Mineral Development Corporation Limited v. State of Madhya H 714 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R.

A Pradesh & Anr. [(2004) 6 SCC 281], the High Court had further held that as per the provisions of Rule 64C of the Rules; unless dumped tailings or rejects are consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on such tailings or rejects. 21. The learned senior counsel appearing for the8 respondent-company mainly submitted that the negligible contents of lead and zinc contained in tailings, which is not taken out of the leased area and which is dumped within the leased area, can never be taken into account for the purpose of calculating royalty for the reason that according to the C Notification dated 12th September, 2000, royalty is to be paid in respect of the metal contained in the ore produced and the metal which has been left out by way of tailings within the leased area would never be treated as metal in the ore produced. D 22. According to him, the negligible metal contained in the tailings, slimes or the rejects can never be the subject matter of calculation of royalty as that portion of metal was returned to the mother earth by dumping the same in the leased area without being taken out of the leased area and that can not be E included in the contents of the metal produced. 23. Upon hearing the learned counsel at length and upon perusal of the relevant material and the impugned judgment and the judgments referred to by the learned counsel, we are of the view that the conclusion arrived at by the High Court is correct. F

24. II is pertinent to note that Section 9 of the Act enables the appellant-authority to charge royally on the minerals extracted by the lease holder from the land given on lease for the purpose of mining. The methodology for calculating the G amount of royalty is determined by the Rules and by the Notifications issued by the Central Government from time to time. 25. It is also pertinent to note that prior to issuance of Notification dated 12th September, 2000, by virtue of H Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty was to be calculated STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 715 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] on the basis of metal conr.entrate produced by the lease holder A whereas in pursuance of Notification dated 12th September, 2000, the method of calculating the royalty has been substantially changed and in pursuance of the said Notification, royalty is to be calculated on the contents of lead and zinc metal in the ore produced. B 26. Immediately after the aforestated Notification dated 12th September, 2000 was issued by the Central Government, provisions of Rule 64 of the Rules had also been amended. By virtue of the said amendment, Rule 648 and Rule 64C had been inserted with effect from 25th September, 2000, which read a!' C follows:

"648. Charging of royalty in case of minerals subjected to processing.- (1) In case processing of run-of-mine is carried out within the leased area, then, royalty D shall be chargeable on the processed mineral removed from the leased area. (2) In case run-of-mine mineral is removed from the leased area to a processing plant which is located outside E the leased area, then, royalty shall be chargeable on the unprocessed run-of-mine mineral and not on the processed product. 64C. Royalty on tailings or rejects - On removal of tailings or rejects from the leased area for dumping and F not for sale or consumption, outside leased area such tailings or rejects shall not be liable for payment of royalty; Provided that.in case so dumped tailings or rejects are used for sale or consumption on any later date after G the date of such dumping, then, such tailings or rejects shall be liable for payment of royalty." 27. In the instant case, we are more concerned with the provisions of Rule 64C of the Rules. Upon perusal of the said Rule, it is very clear that unless the tailings or rejects are used H 716 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R. A for sale or for consumption, such tailings or rejects would not be liable for payment of royalty. 28. Moreover, provisions of Rule 64B of the Rules also make it clear that in case of processing of run-of-mine, royalty B shall be charged only on the processed mineral removed from the leased area.

29. The aforestated amendment and Notification dated 12th September, 2000 clearly denote intention of the Government with regard to the calculation of royalty on the C contents of metal in the ore produced and not on tailings or rejects, which are not taken out of the leased area. The negligible contents of metal which remains in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in D the ore produced. 30. This court in the case of National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (supra) has clearly observed as under: E "Dumped tailings or rejects may be liable to payment of royalty if only they are sold or consumed". 31. From the contents of what has been stated hereinabove by this Court, it is very clear that once a portion of the metal is F returned back to the mother earth, it cannot be said to have been extracted or cannot be said to have been taken out of the leased area and when the metal which has not been taken out from the leased area or which is not contained in the ore produced, it cannot be made subject to payment of royalty G because the lease holder never took out that portion of the metal from the earth and therefore, that cannot be said to be the part of metal contained in the ore produced.

32. Though the learned counsel for the State referred to the forms in which information with regard to ore received from H the mines and treated ore was required to be filled up and STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC717 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] supplied to the concerned Government Authorities by the holder A of the mining lease, in our opinion the said information and the averments are not much relevant because each and every information required by the Government may not be necessary for the purpose of calculating royalty. Possibly the information received from the holders of the mining lease would be for some B other incidental purpose or for the purpose of cross checking the information given by the holder of the mining lease so as to find out whether the details given by the lease holder on the basis of which royalty is calculated is correct. 33. For the afore-stated reasons, in our opinion, we need C not refer to the submissions made in relation to the forms referred to in the Rules.

34. Upon carefully going through the impugned judgment and the judgment delivered by the learned Single Judge of the D High Court, we find that the courts below did not commit any mistake in arriving at the conclusion that the holder of the lease was not liable to pay the amount demanded .under the impugned notices because, by virtue of Notification dated 12th September, 2000 read with the relevant Rules, the lease holder E is supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of metal in ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping ground of the leased area. F 35. For the afore-stated reasons, we do not find any substance in the appeal and therefore, the appeal is dismissed with no order as to costs. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1526 OF 2008 G 36. So far as the present appeal is concerned, it has been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited as it has been aggrieved by the directions whereby the matter has been ordered to be remitted to the mining engineer for re-computing the royalty payable on H 718 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013) 4 S.C.R. A lead and zinc contained in the ore produced. 37. The appellant-company is aggrieved by the afore-stated direction because it was never prayed by the State that the matter be remitted back to the mining engineer for re-B computation of the royalty.

38. The submission on behalf of the appellant-company was to the effect that as the entire concentrate has been taken out of the leased area and as the quantity of concentrate of lead and zinc was very much known, it was not necessary to give C such a direction because there is no question with regard to re-computation of royalty on the basis of metal contained in ore produced. 39. We find substance in what has been submitted because D the metal concentrate which had been taken out from the leased area is known to the parties and therefore, it is not necessary to have any further details regarding the ore produced by the appellant- company. 40. We, therefore, quash the afore-stated direction and the E appeal filed by the appellant-company Is allowed to the above effect with no order as to costs. B.B.B. Appeals disposed of.

[2013] 4 S.C.R. 704 A STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC LTD. & ANR. (Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008) MARCH 11, 2013 B [R.M. LODHA AND ANIL R. DAVE, JJ.]

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 - s.9 - Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 - rr. 64A, 648, C 64C & 640 - Mining lease for extracting lead and zinc -Recovery of royalty in respect of minerals extracted by the lessee - Methodology fOr calculation of royalty -Notifications issued by the Central Government from time to time -Notification dated 11th April, 1997 substituted by Notification D dated 12th September, 2000 - High Court held that lessee-company was not liable to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been taken out of the leased area and that as per r. 64C, unless dumped tailings or rejects are consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on such tailings or rejects E - Held: Conclusion arrived at by the High Court is correct -Negligible contents of metal remaining in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in the ore produced - By virtue of Notification dated 12th F September, 2000 read with the relevant Rules, lessee-company supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of metal in the ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping G ground of the leased area.

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 - s.9 - Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 - rr. 64A, 648, 64C & 640 - Mining lease for extracting lead and zinc -Recovery of royalty in respect of the minerals extracted by the H 704 STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 705 LTD. & ANR. lessee - Dispute over methodology for calculation of royalty A - Direction issued by High Court remitting the matter to the mining engineer for re-computing the royalty payable on lead and zinc contained in the ore produced - Held: As the metal concentrate taken out from the leased area was known to the parties, it was not necessary to have any further details B regarding the ore produced by the lessee-company - Direction accordingly quashed. Mis Hindustan Zinc Limited had been leased land by the State of Rajasthan for the purpose of extracting lead C and zinc therefrom under the provisions of Mines and · Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. Section 9 of the Act enables the State to recover royalty iri respect of the minerals extracted by the holder of a mining lease. Rules 64A, 648, 64C & 640 of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 pertain to calculation of the D amount of royalty payable.

Under Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of lead and zinc was to be charged on the basis of mineral concentrate produced. But thereafter, by virtue E of another Notification dated 12th September, 2000, substituting the Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals became payable on ad valorem basis on the contents of metal found in the ore produced. F Accordingly notices were issued to the lessee company (M/s Hindustan Zinc Limited) for recovery of additional royalty in respect of lead and zinc extracted by the company. The company raised contention that unless the ores are taken out of the leased premises, G royalty would not be leviable and that negligible contents of lead and zinc contained in tailings, which is not taken out of the leased area and which is dumped within the leased area, can never be taken into account for the purpose of calculating royalty. H 706 SUPRl=ML: COUR"'." R:PORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R.

A Tha additioni!I damand for royalty was quashed by the High Court. The High Court held that the lessee-com?any was not lid:>le to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been t;:;.ken out of the leased area and further that as per Rule 64C of the Rules, unless dumped B tailings or r:ljects ara consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on .i;uch tailings or rejects. The High Court also directed that the royalty payable on lead and zinc conU;inecl in >.h" ore produced be re-calculated by the mining engir.e1Y. c Against the jud;imcnt deltverad b:• the High Court, the instant two app,,ab were filed- one by the State of Raj<'sthan wherac.s the other by Mis Hindustan Zinc Lir.1i1~.d. l 1 The appea! iilsd by the State of Rajasthan, viz. Civil •:Jpeal ~~o. 14!!"\ of 2oca rn;.;inly chali:mged th~ impugned judgrnenl on th" ground that by virtue of methodology dir:icted to ,J'il ampioyad in t!i:; :raid judgment, the State would su;·fer sull:>t::mtb« loss as the lessee company, viz. E Hindu$t;in z::ic Umit d would be paying much less royalty than wh.al lt h >Up!)oscd to pay. On the other hand, appeal f!leo by :-ilnrlustan Zinc Limited i.e. Civil Appe;;.: no. 1526 c i ?.IJ::3 cliciilenged the direction issued by the !-;lgl1 CoU<t, whernby th~ ;::mount of royalty was F directed to !Je re-calculded oy the mining engineer. Oisposlnfl or t:1:i ain:ials the Court HEL;)'. C CIVIL APP~J>.'- NO ... l<;.S..\ o;: ~008

1. '. Tile concl-..:>io.1 <:rri'.•td ;c,! by tile High Court is correct. Upon p~t'...css~ oi 'J1e prov~:sions of Rule 64C of the i;lineral C.:ir ce~sic1,1 RuL:is, 1 !!SO, it is very clear that unlc<>::: t:13 tailings or r'"iec.s are u<ied for sale or for H consum•:riion, ·.'..Jc:1 1am.1~u or 1.::jucts would not be liable STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 707 LTD. & ANR. for payment of royalty. Moreover, Rule 648 of the Rules A also make it clear that in case of processing of run-of-mine, royalty shall be charged only on the processed mineral removed from the leased area. [Paras 23, 27, 28] [714-F; 715-H; 716-A-B] B 1.2. The Notification dated 12th September, 2000 clearly denote intention of the Government with regard to the calculation of royalty on the contents of metal in the ore produced and not on tailings or rejects, which are not taken out of the leased area. The negligible contents C of metal which remains in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in the ore produced. [Para 29] [716-B-D]

1.3. Once a portion of the metal is returned back to D the mother earth, it cannot be said to have been extracted or cannot be said to have been taken out of the leased area and when the metal which has not been taken out from the leased area or which is not contained in the ore produced, it cannot be made subject to payment of E royalty because the lease holder never took out that portion of the metal from the earth and therefore, that cannot be said to be the part of metal contained in the ore produced. [Para 31] [716-E-G] F 1.4. The courts below did not commit any mistake in arriving at the conclusion that t!le holder of the lease was not liable to pay the amount demanded under the impugned notices because, by virtue of Notification dated 12th September, 2000 read with tha relevant Rules, the lease holder is supposed to pay royalty only on the G contents of metal in the ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping ground of the leased area. [Para 35] [717-D-F] H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R. 708 A National Mineral Development Corporation Limited v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr. (2004) 6 SCC 281: 2004 (2) Suppl. SCR 1 - relied on. State of Orissa & Ors. v. Mis. Steel Authority of India Ltd. B (1998) 6 SCC 476: 1998 (3) SCR 1074 - referred to. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1526 OF 2008

2. The Hindustan Zinc Limited has been aggrieved by the directions whereby the matter has been ordered to be remitted to the mining engineer for re-computing the C royalty payable on lead and zinc contained in the ore produced. The submission on behalf of the said lessee company was to the effect that as the entire concentrate has been taken out of the leased area and as the quantity of concentrate of lead and zinc was very much known, it D was not necessary to give such a direction because there is no question with regard to re-computation of royalty on the basis of metal contained in ore produced. There is substance in what has been submitted because the metal concentrate which had been taken out from the E leased area is known to the parties and therefore, it is not necessary to have any further details regarding the ore produced by the appellant-company. Therefore, the afore-stated direction is quashed. [Paras 36, 38, 39 and 40] [717-G-H; 718-A, B-0] F Case Law Reference: 1998 (3) SCR 1074 referred to Para 19 2004 (2) Suppl. SCR 1 relied on Para 20, 30 G CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 From the Judgment & Order dated 06.07.2007 of the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur in D B Civil Special Appeal No. 43 of 2006 in S B Civil Writ Petition No. H 4785 of 2003. STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 709 LTD. & ANR. WITH A Civil Appeal Noc 1526 of 2008.

Basava Prabhu S. Patil, K.K. Venugopal, Dushyant A Dave, Pragati Neekhra, Suryanarayana Singh, Yashode 8Sharma, Milind Kumar, Anirudh Singaneria, Dhirandra Negi, Chetan Chopra, Dheeraj Nair, Pooja Dhar, Vibha Datta Makhija for the Appearing Parties. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by c ANIL R. DAVE, J. 1. Being aggrieved by the judgment dated 6th July, 2007 delivered by the High Court of Rajasthan in D.S. Civil Special Appeal No.43 of 2006, the afore-stated two appeals have been filed. One appeal has been filed by the State of Rajasthan whereas the other appeal has been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited, who had been leased land situated in D districts Bhilwara, Rajsamand and Udaipur by the State of Rajasthan for extraction of lead and zinc therefrom. 2. As both the appeals arise from a common judgment, at the request of the learned counsel, both the appeals were heard E together. So far as the appeal filed by the State of Rajasthan, viz. Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 is concerned, it mainly challenges the impugned judgment on the ground that by virtue of methodology directed to be employed in the said judgment, the State would suffer substantial loss as the lessee company, F viz. Hindustan Zinc Limited would be paying much less royalty than what it is supposed to pay.

3. On the other hand, an appeal has also been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited as it has been aggrieved by the G direction issued by the High Court, whereby the amount of royalty has been directed to be re-calculated. 4. As Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008 filed by the State of Rajasthan is the main appeal, we would like to deal with the said appeal at the first instance and, thereafter we would deal H 710 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 4 S.C.R. A with the appeal filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited i.e. Civil Appeal No. 1526 of 2008. Civil Appeal No. 1494 of 2008

5. The appellant-State and the State Authorities have been B aggrieved by the impugned order whereby the additional demand raised under notice dated 24th December, 2001 and subsequent notices issued by the State for recovery of royalty in respect of the lead and zinc extracted by the respondent-company had been quashed by the learned Single Judge of C the Rajasthan High Court and the order of the learned Single Judge was confirmed by the Division Bench in the appeal filed before it. After hearing the concerned learned advocates appearing for the State and the respondent-company, the learned Single Judge had come to the conclusion that the D impugned notices, whereby additional amount was demanded, were bad in law and therefore, the petition was allowed and the impugned notices dated 22nd December, 2001, 24th December, 2001 and 4th January, 2002 had been quashed. It may also be stated here that the afore-stated notices had been E challenged by the respondent-company initially before the revisional authority under the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, which had confirmed the validity of the said notices and therefore, the order passed by the revisional authority dated 2nd July, 2003, whereby the validity of the impugned notices F had been upheld, was also quashed and set aside. 6. The facts giving rise to the issue in question, in a nutshell, are as under:

7. The respondent-company had been leased land in the G areas of District Bhilwara, Rajsamand and Udaipur for the purpose of extracting lead and zinc therefrom under the provisions of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'). Section 9 of the Act is the charging section, which enables the H State to recover royalty in respect of the minerals extracted by STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 711 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] the holder of a mining lease. The Mineral Concession Rules, A 1960 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules') have been framed in exercise of the powers conferred under Section 13 of the Act. Rules 64A, 648, 64C & 64D of the Rules are relevant Rules, which pertain to calculation of the amount of royalty payable by the holder of the lease in respect of the minerals extracted from B the land leased to the holder of the mining lease. 8. From time to time, the Government had issued Notifications determining the rate at which royalty was to be paid by the holder of the lease in respect of the minerals C extracted. In the instant case, we are concerned with two minerals: lead and zinc. Two Notifications are relevant for the purpose of determining the issue involved in these appeals. Under Notification dated 11th April, 1997, by virtue of item nos. 22 and 41 incorporated in the said Notification, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals was to be paid as D under:

Item No. 22 4% of London metal exchange Lead concentrate metal price on ad valorem basis Chargeable per tonne of E concentrate produced. Item No. 41 3.5% of London metal exchange Zinc concentrate metal price on ad valorem basis Chargeable per tonne of F concentrate produced. 9. Thereafter, by virtue of another Notification dated 12th September, 2000, substituting the Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty in respect of the afore-stated two minerals was payable as under: G Item No. 25 5% of London metal exchange Lead lead metal price chargeable on the contained lead metal in ore produced. H 712 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R. A Item No. 50 6.6% of London metal exchange Zinc Zinc metal price on ad valorem basis chargeable on contained zinc metal in ore produced. B 10. By virtue of the afore-stated Notification dated 12th September, 2000, the manner in which the royalty was to be calculated had been changed. 11. Formerly the royalty was to be charged on the basis of mineral concentrate produced but by virtue of the Notification C dated 12th September, 2000, royalty is now to be charged on ad valorem basis on the contents of metal found in the ore produced. 12. According to the appellant-State, the respondent-lease holder was supposed to pay the royalty on the entire mineral0 extracted from the earth and accordingly the impugned notices were issued to the respondent for recovery of difference of royalty.

13. On the other hand, the case of the respondent-E company was that the royalty was chargeable only on the contents of lead and zinc metal in the ore produced because, by virtue of the Notification issued in 2000, the respondent-company was supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of lead or zinc, as the case may be, contained in the ore produced. F 14. As stated hereinabove, the demand made by the appellant-State under the impugned notices had been upheld by the revisional authority but the same had been quashed by the High Court when the order of the revisional authority was G challenged before the learned Single Judge of the High Court and the view of the learned Single Judge had been upheld by virtue of the impugned order passed by the Division Bench. 15. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant-State submitted that the High Court committed an error in interpreting H STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 713 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.) provisions of the Rule 64A, 64B and 64C of the Rules read A with the Notification dated 12th September, 2000 issued by the Central Government. 16. The sum and substance of the submissions made by the learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant was that B the royalty ought to have been charged on the basis of the metal contained in the ore produced so as to g~e effect to the provisions of Section 9 and the Second Schedule to the Act read with Rules 64B, 64C and 64D of the Rules.

17. According to the learned counsel, the contention of the C respondent, that unless the ores are taken out of the leased premises, the royalty would not be leviable, is not correct because processing the ore would also amount to consumption of the ores and therefore, even if the said ores are not physically taken out of the leased area, the royalty will have to be paid on D the contents of lead and zinc contained in the ore. 18. He further submitted that the methodology approved by the High Court would amount to re-writing the provisions with regard to computation and calculation of royalty. E 19. He further submitted that the amount of royalty demanded by the appellant-State from the respondent-company was just and proper and therefore, the order passed by the High Court be quashed and set aside. So as to substantiate his submissions, he relied upon the judgment F delivered by this Court in State of Orissa & Ors. v. Mis. Steel Authority of India Ltd. [(1998) 6 SCC 476). 20. On the other hand, the learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent-company vehemently supported G the reasons given by the High Court whereby the High Court has held that the respondent-company was not liable to pay royalty on the tailings as they had not been taken out of the leased area. Relying upon the judgment delivered in National Mineral Development Corporation Limited v. State of Madhya H 714 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R.

A Pradesh & Anr. [(2004) 6 SCC 281], the High Court had further held that as per the provisions of Rule 64C of the Rules; unless dumped tailings or rejects are consumed by the lessee, no royalty can be collected on such tailings or rejects. 21. The learned senior counsel appearing for the8 respondent-company mainly submitted that the negligible contents of lead and zinc contained in tailings, which is not taken out of the leased area and which is dumped within the leased area, can never be taken into account for the purpose of calculating royalty for the reason that according to the C Notification dated 12th September, 2000, royalty is to be paid in respect of the metal contained in the ore produced and the metal which has been left out by way of tailings within the leased area would never be treated as metal in the ore produced. D 22. According to him, the negligible metal contained in the tailings, slimes or the rejects can never be the subject matter of calculation of royalty as that portion of metal was returned to the mother earth by dumping the same in the leased area without being taken out of the leased area and that can not be E included in the contents of the metal produced. 23. Upon hearing the learned counsel at length and upon perusal of the relevant material and the impugned judgment and the judgments referred to by the learned counsel, we are of the view that the conclusion arrived at by the High Court is correct. F

24. II is pertinent to note that Section 9 of the Act enables the appellant-authority to charge royally on the minerals extracted by the lease holder from the land given on lease for the purpose of mining. The methodology for calculating the G amount of royalty is determined by the Rules and by the Notifications issued by the Central Government from time to time. 25. It is also pertinent to note that prior to issuance of Notification dated 12th September, 2000, by virtue of H Notification dated 11th April, 1997, royalty was to be calculated STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC 715 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] on the basis of metal conr.entrate produced by the lease holder A whereas in pursuance of Notification dated 12th September, 2000, the method of calculating the royalty has been substantially changed and in pursuance of the said Notification, royalty is to be calculated on the contents of lead and zinc metal in the ore produced. B 26. Immediately after the aforestated Notification dated 12th September, 2000 was issued by the Central Government, provisions of Rule 64 of the Rules had also been amended. By virtue of the said amendment, Rule 648 and Rule 64C had been inserted with effect from 25th September, 2000, which read a!' C follows:

"648. Charging of royalty in case of minerals subjected to processing.- (1) In case processing of run-of-mine is carried out within the leased area, then, royalty D shall be chargeable on the processed mineral removed from the leased area. (2) In case run-of-mine mineral is removed from the leased area to a processing plant which is located outside E the leased area, then, royalty shall be chargeable on the unprocessed run-of-mine mineral and not on the processed product. 64C. Royalty on tailings or rejects - On removal of tailings or rejects from the leased area for dumping and F not for sale or consumption, outside leased area such tailings or rejects shall not be liable for payment of royalty; Provided that.in case so dumped tailings or rejects are used for sale or consumption on any later date after G the date of such dumping, then, such tailings or rejects shall be liable for payment of royalty." 27. In the instant case, we are more concerned with the provisions of Rule 64C of the Rules. Upon perusal of the said Rule, it is very clear that unless the tailings or rejects are used H 716 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 4 S.C.R. A for sale or for consumption, such tailings or rejects would not be liable for payment of royalty. 28. Moreover, provisions of Rule 64B of the Rules also make it clear that in case of processing of run-of-mine, royalty B shall be charged only on the processed mineral removed from the leased area.

29. The aforestated amendment and Notification dated 12th September, 2000 clearly denote intention of the Government with regard to the calculation of royalty on the C contents of metal in the ore produced and not on tailings or rejects, which are not taken out of the leased area. The negligible contents of metal which remains in the mining area by way of tailings, slimes or rejects, which are returned to the mother earth cannot be said to be the part of metal content in D the ore produced. 30. This court in the case of National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (supra) has clearly observed as under: E "Dumped tailings or rejects may be liable to payment of royalty if only they are sold or consumed". 31. From the contents of what has been stated hereinabove by this Court, it is very clear that once a portion of the metal is F returned back to the mother earth, it cannot be said to have been extracted or cannot be said to have been taken out of the leased area and when the metal which has not been taken out from the leased area or which is not contained in the ore produced, it cannot be made subject to payment of royalty G because the lease holder never took out that portion of the metal from the earth and therefore, that cannot be said to be the part of metal contained in the ore produced.

32. Though the learned counsel for the State referred to the forms in which information with regard to ore received from H the mines and treated ore was required to be filled up and STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS. v. HINDUSTAN ZINC717 LTD. & ANR. [ANIL R. DAVE, J.] supplied to the concerned Government Authorities by the holder A of the mining lease, in our opinion the said information and the averments are not much relevant because each and every information required by the Government may not be necessary for the purpose of calculating royalty. Possibly the information received from the holders of the mining lease would be for some B other incidental purpose or for the purpose of cross checking the information given by the holder of the mining lease so as to find out whether the details given by the lease holder on the basis of which royalty is calculated is correct. 33. For the afore-stated reasons, in our opinion, we need C not refer to the submissions made in relation to the forms referred to in the Rules.

34. Upon carefully going through the impugned judgment and the judgment delivered by the learned Single Judge of the D High Court, we find that the courts below did not commit any mistake in arriving at the conclusion that the holder of the lease was not liable to pay the amount demanded .under the impugned notices because, by virtue of Notification dated 12th September, 2000 read with the relevant Rules, the lease holder E is supposed to pay royalty only on the contents of metal in ore produced and not on the metal contained in the tailings, rejects or slimes which had not been taken out of the leased area and which had been dumped into dumping ground of the leased area. F 35. For the afore-stated reasons, we do not find any substance in the appeal and therefore, the appeal is dismissed with no order as to costs. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1526 OF 2008 G 36. So far as the present appeal is concerned, it has been filed by Hindustan Zinc Limited as it has been aggrieved by the directions whereby the matter has been ordered to be remitted to the mining engineer for re-computing the royalty payable on H 718 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013) 4 S.C.R. A lead and zinc contained in the ore produced. 37. The appellant-company is aggrieved by the afore-stated direction because it was never prayed by the State that the matter be remitted back to the mining engineer for re-B computation of the royalty.

38. The submission on behalf of the appellant-company was to the effect that as the entire concentrate has been taken out of the leased area and as the quantity of concentrate of lead and zinc was very much known, it was not necessary to give C such a direction because there is no question with regard to re-computation of royalty on the basis of metal contained in ore produced. 39. We find substance in what has been submitted because D the metal concentrate which had been taken out from the leased area is known to the parties and therefore, it is not necessary to have any further details regarding the ore produced by the appellant- company. 40. We, therefore, quash the afore-stated direction and the E appeal filed by the appellant-company Is allowed to the above effect with no order as to costs. B.B.B. Appeals disposed of.