[2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. 1081 S. LOGANATHAN A v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 9829 of 2011) NOVEMBER 16, 2011 B [R.M. LODHA AND H.L. GOKHALE, JJ.]

Service Law - Disciplinary proceedings - Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 -Rule 14 - Departmental Inquiry against appellant, a Junior C Clerk in the Subordinate Court - Appellant filed response by way of defence, but after some time, did not participate in the inquiry - Departmental inquiry continued ex-parte -Subsequently, on objection of appellant that he had not been provided adequate opportunity, ex-parte departmental inquiry D was re-called and the inquiry started de novo - After full participation by the appellant thereafter in the departmental inquiry, some of the charges were found fully proved while some were held-partiall-ypro1rea oy the mqwfy Officer:_ The Chief Judge on consideration of the report submitted by the E Inquiry Officer, awarded to the appellant penalty of dismissal from the service - Appellant challenged that order before the High Court by filing a Writ Petition - Writ Petition was dismissed - Two fold contentions raised by appellant- 1) that the findings of Inquiry Officer were vitiated inasmuch as the F Inquiry Officer took into consideration the evidence recorded in the ex-parte proceedings and 2) that the Chief Judge was an appellate authority and, therefore, he could not have imposed the order of punishment as that resulted in depriving ·the appellant of his valuable right of departmental appeal G against the order of punishment - Held: The first contention is mis-placed - The Inquiry Officer did not base his findings · on the evidence recorded ex-parte but referred to that only for , purposes of appreciation of the evidence of the witnesses 1081 H

1082 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A examined by the department in de novo inquiry wherein the· appellant fully participated - The findings were based on . evidence recorded subsequently in presence of the appellant

- The consideration of the evidence recorded in the course of the inquiry by the Inquiry Officer in the presence of the B appellant and the findings recorded by him did not suffer from any legal infirmity justifying any interference by Supreme Court - As regards the other contention, ordinarily in a case of infliction of punishment by the higher authority acting as a disciplinary authority, if delinquent is denied his right of c departmental appeal or right of review, such order of punishment may be rendered bad in law but much would depend on the relevant rules - In the instant case, the Chief Judge was the appointing authority of the appellant - In that event, the argument of the appellant that the appellate authority inflicted punishment upon him is devoid of any0 substance - The challenge to the competence of the Chief Judge in passing the order of punishment was rightly rejected by the High Court - By virtue of the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1982, the appellant's right of departmental appeal was not taken away and he could have E challenged that order in the departmental appeal to the higher authority - The appellant did not avail of that opportunity and instead challenged the order in a Writ Petition before the High Court - The appellant's right of appeal not affected by the order passed by the Chief Judge. F

Surjit Ghose v. Chairman & Managing Director, United Commercial Bank and Ors. (1995) 2 SCC 474 and Electronics Corporation of India v. G. Muralidhar (2001) 10 sec 43 - distinguished. G Case Law Reference: (1995) 2 sec 474 distinguished Para 5 (2001) 10 sec 43 distinguished Para 5 H S. LOGANATHAN v. UNION OF INDIA ANDORS. 1083 . CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. A 9829 of 2011. From the Judgment & Order dated 11.06.2007 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in W.P. No. 3141 of 2002. V. Kanagaraj. Promila, S. Thananjayan for the Appellant. B R. Venkataramani, V.G. Pragasam, S.J. Aristotle, Praburamasubramanian for the Respondents. The following Order of the Court was delivered c -- ORDER 1. Leave granted. - - 2. The appellant, who was working as a Junior Clerk in the D Subordinate Court at Yanam (Pondicherry}, was dismissed from the service on conciusion of disciplinary proceedings by the Chief Judge, Pondicherry (for short "Chief Judgej vide order dated November 8, 2000. The appellant challenged that order before the High Court of judicature at Madras by filing a Writ Petition. His Writ Petition came to be dismissed on June 11, E 2007. It is from this order that the present appeal, by special leave, arises.

3. On April 28, 1999, the appellant was issued a Charge Memo setting out therein that he was liable to be proceeded F with the disciplinary action under Rule 14 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal} Rules, 1965 (for short "CCS Rules"}. Along with the Charge-Memo, Article of Charges was sent to the appellant. The Article of Charges contained ten articles. An Inquiry Officer was appointed and G inquiry proceeded against the appellant. The appellant filed hisI response by way of defence to the Charge Memo and Article of Charges and denied the allegations levelled against him. The appellant, after some time, did not participate in the departmental inquiry. As a result of which: the depa~mental H 1084 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R.

A inquiry continued ex-parte. Subsequently, on his objection that he had not been provided adequate opportunity, ex-parte departmental inquiry was re-called and the inquiry started de novo. After full participation by the appellant thereafter in the departmental inquiry, some of the .charges were found fully B proved while some were held partially proved by the Inquiry Officer. The Disciplinary Authority (Chief Judge), on consideration of the report submitted by the Inquiry Officer, agreed with the findings recorded in the inquiry report and awarded to the appellant penalty of dismissal from the service. c 4. The dismissal order dated November 8, 2000, as noted above, was challenged by the appellant before the High Court of Madras by way of filing a Writ Petition but without any success.

D 5. Mr. V. Kanagaraj, learned senior counsel for the appellant raised two-fold contention before us. Firstly, he contended that the Chief Judge was an appellate authority and, therefore, he could not have imposed the order of punishment as that has resulted in depriving the appellant of his valuable E right of departmental appeal against the order of punishment. In support of this contention, Mr. Kangaraj placed reliance on the two decisions of this court; (i) Surjit Ghose vs. Chairman & Managing Director, United Commercial Bank and others1 and (ii) Electronics Corporation of India vs. G. Muralidhar. F 6. The second contention of Mr. Kangaraj is that the findings of the Inquiry Officer are vitiated inasmuch as the Inquiry Officer had taken into consideration the evidence that was recorded in the ex-parte proceedings. G 7. Insofar as the second contention is concerned, it may be stated immediately that the said contention is mis-placed. The Inquiry Officer has not based his findings on the evidence that was recorded ex-parte but has referred to that only for the · 1. (1995)2SCC474. H 2. (2010) 10 sec 43.

S. LOGANATHAN v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. 1085 purposes of appreciation of the evidence of the witnesses A examined by the department in de novo inquiry wherein the appellant fully participated. The findings are based on the evidence that was recorded subsequently i.n the presence of the appellant. It is true that the witnesses PW2 to PW11 examined by the department did not support the department B fully but besides the evidence of PW2 to PW11, there is a evidence of PW1. The Inquiry Officer considered his evidence and relied upon the same. 8. In our considered view, the i;onsideration Of the C evidence recorded in the course of the inquiry by the Inquiry Officer in the presence of the appellant and the findings recorded by him do not suffer from any legal infirmity justifying any interference by us. 9. Coming to the first contention raised by Mr. Kanagaraj, D suffice it to say that ordinarily in a case of infliction of punishment by the higher authority acting as a disciplinary authority, if delinquent is denied his right of departmental appeal or right of review, such order of punishment may be rendered bad in law but much would depend on the relevant rules. In the E case of Surjit Singh1, while considering the provisions of United Commercial Bank Officers (Discipline and Appeals) Regulations, 1976, this Court held thus:

"It is tr_ue that when an authority higher than the disciplinary F authority itself imposes the punishment, the order of punishment suffers from no illegality when no appea~ is provided to such authority. However, when an appeal is provided to the higher authority concerned against the order of the disciplinary authority or of a lower authority and the higher authority passes an order of punishment, the G employee concerned is deprived of the remedy of appeal which is a substantive right given to him by the Rules/ Regulations. An employee cahnot be deprived of his substantive right. What is further, when there is a provision of appeal against the order of the disciplinary authority H I 1086 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A and when the appellate or the higher authority against whose order there is no appeal, exercises the powers of the disciplinary authority in a given case, it results in discrimination against the employee concerned. This is particularly so when there are no guidelines in the Rules/ B Regulations as to when the higher authority or the appellate authority should exercise the powers of the disciplinal)• authority. The higher or appellate authority may choose to exercise the power of the disciplinary authority in some cases while not doing so in other cases. In such _cases, c the right of the employee depends upon the choice of the higher/appellate authority which patently results in discrimination between an employee and employee.

Surely, such a situation cannot savour of legality." 10. The above legal position has been reiterated by this D Court in Electronics Corporation of lndia2. However, the present case is little different. Vide Notification dated November 17, 1982 issued by the Government of Pondicherry, a provision has been made that the appointing authority is competent to impose all the penalties in Rule 11 of the CCS Rules and the E appellate authority has to exercise the powers and perform the functions of other authorities in respect of Group ·~ and Group 'D' posts in the offices mentioned against each other in column (5) of the Table appended thereto. Second proviso that follows the first proviso and the main body of the Notification provides F that where the appointment of a delinquent has been made by an authority higher than that specified in Column (2), then that authority will constitute the disciplinary authority under Column (3) of the Table in respect of major penalties and any appeal ~gainst the orders of such authority will lie to the next higher G authority not below the rank of a Secretary to Government and where the appeal is against the orders of the Lieutenant Governor as the disciplinary authority, the appeal shall lie to the President. The relevant portion of the Table is as follows: H S. LOGANATHAN v: UNION OF INDIAAND ORS: 1087 I . SL. Appointing Authority Appellate Office/ A No. Authority competent to Authority officers relating impose all to which the

penalties powers are to specified in be exercised. Rule 11. B 1 2 3 4 5 )()()( xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT c Special Special Chief j~qge, District Court, Officer, Officer, Pondicherry including the Judicial Judicial Labour Court, Department Departme11t Sales Tax I Appellate D Tribunal and Office of the Special Officer. E 11. The Chief Judge has recorded in his order dated November 8, 2000 that in the case of the appellant, he was the appointing;authority. This fact has not been disputed by showing any material otherwise. We, therefore, have to accept the position ~hat the Chief Judge was the appointing authority of F the appellant. In that event, the argument advanced 011 behalf of the ·appellant that the llppellate authority has inflicted ·punishment on him is devoid of any substance. 12. As a matter of fact, the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1992 takes care of such G · situation. It provides that in cases where the appointment has been made by an authority higher than that specified in Column (2), then that authority will constitute the disciplinary authority under Columl) (3) of the said Table in respect of major pe:ialties. H 1088 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R.

A . 13. The challenge to the competence of the Chief Judge in passing the order of punishment is not meritorious and has, rightly been rejected by the High Court. By virtue of the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1982, the appellant's right of departmental appeal was not taken away B and he could have challenged that order in the departmental appeal to the higher authority. The appellant did not avail of that opportunity and instead challenged the order in a Writ Petition before the High Court. 14. Be that as it may, the appellant's right of appeal has C not been affected by the Chief Judge in passing the order dated November 8, 2000. 15. The appeal has no merit and is dismissed accordingly with no order as to costs. D B.B.B. Appeal dismissed.

[2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. 1081 S. LOGANATHAN A v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 9829 of 2011) NOVEMBER 16, 2011 B [R.M. LODHA AND H.L. GOKHALE, JJ.]

Service Law - Disciplinary proceedings - Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 -Rule 14 - Departmental Inquiry against appellant, a Junior C Clerk in the Subordinate Court - Appellant filed response by way of defence, but after some time, did not participate in the inquiry - Departmental inquiry continued ex-parte -Subsequently, on objection of appellant that he had not been provided adequate opportunity, ex-parte departmental inquiry D was re-called and the inquiry started de novo - After full participation by the appellant thereafter in the departmental inquiry, some of the charges were found fully proved while some were held-partiall-ypro1rea oy the mqwfy Officer:_ The Chief Judge on consideration of the report submitted by the E Inquiry Officer, awarded to the appellant penalty of dismissal from the service - Appellant challenged that order before the High Court by filing a Writ Petition - Writ Petition was dismissed - Two fold contentions raised by appellant- 1) that the findings of Inquiry Officer were vitiated inasmuch as the F Inquiry Officer took into consideration the evidence recorded in the ex-parte proceedings and 2) that the Chief Judge was an appellate authority and, therefore, he could not have imposed the order of punishment as that resulted in depriving ·the appellant of his valuable right of departmental appeal G against the order of punishment - Held: The first contention is mis-placed - The Inquiry Officer did not base his findings · on the evidence recorded ex-parte but referred to that only for , purposes of appreciation of the evidence of the witnesses 1081 H

1082 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A examined by the department in de novo inquiry wherein the· appellant fully participated - The findings were based on . evidence recorded subsequently in presence of the appellant

- The consideration of the evidence recorded in the course of the inquiry by the Inquiry Officer in the presence of the B appellant and the findings recorded by him did not suffer from any legal infirmity justifying any interference by Supreme Court - As regards the other contention, ordinarily in a case of infliction of punishment by the higher authority acting as a disciplinary authority, if delinquent is denied his right of c departmental appeal or right of review, such order of punishment may be rendered bad in law but much would depend on the relevant rules - In the instant case, the Chief Judge was the appointing authority of the appellant - In that event, the argument of the appellant that the appellate authority inflicted punishment upon him is devoid of any0 substance - The challenge to the competence of the Chief Judge in passing the order of punishment was rightly rejected by the High Court - By virtue of the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1982, the appellant's right of departmental appeal was not taken away and he could have E challenged that order in the departmental appeal to the higher authority - The appellant did not avail of that opportunity and instead challenged the order in a Writ Petition before the High Court - The appellant's right of appeal not affected by the order passed by the Chief Judge. F

Surjit Ghose v. Chairman & Managing Director, United Commercial Bank and Ors. (1995) 2 SCC 474 and Electronics Corporation of India v. G. Muralidhar (2001) 10 sec 43 - distinguished. G Case Law Reference: (1995) 2 sec 474 distinguished Para 5 (2001) 10 sec 43 distinguished Para 5 H S. LOGANATHAN v. UNION OF INDIA ANDORS. 1083 . CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. A 9829 of 2011. From the Judgment & Order dated 11.06.2007 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in W.P. No. 3141 of 2002. V. Kanagaraj. Promila, S. Thananjayan for the Appellant. B R. Venkataramani, V.G. Pragasam, S.J. Aristotle, Praburamasubramanian for the Respondents. The following Order of the Court was delivered c -- ORDER 1. Leave granted. - - 2. The appellant, who was working as a Junior Clerk in the D Subordinate Court at Yanam (Pondicherry}, was dismissed from the service on conciusion of disciplinary proceedings by the Chief Judge, Pondicherry (for short "Chief Judgej vide order dated November 8, 2000. The appellant challenged that order before the High Court of judicature at Madras by filing a Writ Petition. His Writ Petition came to be dismissed on June 11, E 2007. It is from this order that the present appeal, by special leave, arises.

3. On April 28, 1999, the appellant was issued a Charge Memo setting out therein that he was liable to be proceeded F with the disciplinary action under Rule 14 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal} Rules, 1965 (for short "CCS Rules"}. Along with the Charge-Memo, Article of Charges was sent to the appellant. The Article of Charges contained ten articles. An Inquiry Officer was appointed and G inquiry proceeded against the appellant. The appellant filed hisI response by way of defence to the Charge Memo and Article of Charges and denied the allegations levelled against him. The appellant, after some time, did not participate in the departmental inquiry. As a result of which: the depa~mental H 1084 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R.

A inquiry continued ex-parte. Subsequently, on his objection that he had not been provided adequate opportunity, ex-parte departmental inquiry was re-called and the inquiry started de novo. After full participation by the appellant thereafter in the departmental inquiry, some of the .charges were found fully B proved while some were held partially proved by the Inquiry Officer. The Disciplinary Authority (Chief Judge), on consideration of the report submitted by the Inquiry Officer, agreed with the findings recorded in the inquiry report and awarded to the appellant penalty of dismissal from the service. c 4. The dismissal order dated November 8, 2000, as noted above, was challenged by the appellant before the High Court of Madras by way of filing a Writ Petition but without any success.

D 5. Mr. V. Kanagaraj, learned senior counsel for the appellant raised two-fold contention before us. Firstly, he contended that the Chief Judge was an appellate authority and, therefore, he could not have imposed the order of punishment as that has resulted in depriving the appellant of his valuable E right of departmental appeal against the order of punishment. In support of this contention, Mr. Kangaraj placed reliance on the two decisions of this court; (i) Surjit Ghose vs. Chairman & Managing Director, United Commercial Bank and others1 and (ii) Electronics Corporation of India vs. G. Muralidhar. F 6. The second contention of Mr. Kangaraj is that the findings of the Inquiry Officer are vitiated inasmuch as the Inquiry Officer had taken into consideration the evidence that was recorded in the ex-parte proceedings. G 7. Insofar as the second contention is concerned, it may be stated immediately that the said contention is mis-placed. The Inquiry Officer has not based his findings on the evidence that was recorded ex-parte but has referred to that only for the · 1. (1995)2SCC474. H 2. (2010) 10 sec 43.

S. LOGANATHAN v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. 1085 purposes of appreciation of the evidence of the witnesses A examined by the department in de novo inquiry wherein the appellant fully participated. The findings are based on the evidence that was recorded subsequently i.n the presence of the appellant. It is true that the witnesses PW2 to PW11 examined by the department did not support the department B fully but besides the evidence of PW2 to PW11, there is a evidence of PW1. The Inquiry Officer considered his evidence and relied upon the same. 8. In our considered view, the i;onsideration Of the C evidence recorded in the course of the inquiry by the Inquiry Officer in the presence of the appellant and the findings recorded by him do not suffer from any legal infirmity justifying any interference by us. 9. Coming to the first contention raised by Mr. Kanagaraj, D suffice it to say that ordinarily in a case of infliction of punishment by the higher authority acting as a disciplinary authority, if delinquent is denied his right of departmental appeal or right of review, such order of punishment may be rendered bad in law but much would depend on the relevant rules. In the E case of Surjit Singh1, while considering the provisions of United Commercial Bank Officers (Discipline and Appeals) Regulations, 1976, this Court held thus:

"It is tr_ue that when an authority higher than the disciplinary F authority itself imposes the punishment, the order of punishment suffers from no illegality when no appea~ is provided to such authority. However, when an appeal is provided to the higher authority concerned against the order of the disciplinary authority or of a lower authority and the higher authority passes an order of punishment, the G employee concerned is deprived of the remedy of appeal which is a substantive right given to him by the Rules/ Regulations. An employee cahnot be deprived of his substantive right. What is further, when there is a provision of appeal against the order of the disciplinary authority H I 1086 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A and when the appellate or the higher authority against whose order there is no appeal, exercises the powers of the disciplinary authority in a given case, it results in discrimination against the employee concerned. This is particularly so when there are no guidelines in the Rules/ B Regulations as to when the higher authority or the appellate authority should exercise the powers of the disciplinal)• authority. The higher or appellate authority may choose to exercise the power of the disciplinary authority in some cases while not doing so in other cases. In such _cases, c the right of the employee depends upon the choice of the higher/appellate authority which patently results in discrimination between an employee and employee.

Surely, such a situation cannot savour of legality." 10. The above legal position has been reiterated by this D Court in Electronics Corporation of lndia2. However, the present case is little different. Vide Notification dated November 17, 1982 issued by the Government of Pondicherry, a provision has been made that the appointing authority is competent to impose all the penalties in Rule 11 of the CCS Rules and the E appellate authority has to exercise the powers and perform the functions of other authorities in respect of Group ·~ and Group 'D' posts in the offices mentioned against each other in column (5) of the Table appended thereto. Second proviso that follows the first proviso and the main body of the Notification provides F that where the appointment of a delinquent has been made by an authority higher than that specified in Column (2), then that authority will constitute the disciplinary authority under Column (3) of the Table in respect of major penalties and any appeal ~gainst the orders of such authority will lie to the next higher G authority not below the rank of a Secretary to Government and where the appeal is against the orders of the Lieutenant Governor as the disciplinary authority, the appeal shall lie to the President. The relevant portion of the Table is as follows: H S. LOGANATHAN v: UNION OF INDIAAND ORS: 1087 I . SL. Appointing Authority Appellate Office/ A No. Authority competent to Authority officers relating impose all to which the

penalties powers are to specified in be exercised. Rule 11. B 1 2 3 4 5 )()()( xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT c Special Special Chief j~qge, District Court, Officer, Officer, Pondicherry including the Judicial Judicial Labour Court, Department Departme11t Sales Tax I Appellate D Tribunal and Office of the Special Officer. E 11. The Chief Judge has recorded in his order dated November 8, 2000 that in the case of the appellant, he was the appointing;authority. This fact has not been disputed by showing any material otherwise. We, therefore, have to accept the position ~hat the Chief Judge was the appointing authority of F the appellant. In that event, the argument advanced 011 behalf of the ·appellant that the llppellate authority has inflicted ·punishment on him is devoid of any substance. 12. As a matter of fact, the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1992 takes care of such G · situation. It provides that in cases where the appointment has been made by an authority higher than that specified in Column (2), then that authority will constitute the disciplinary authority under Columl) (3) of the said Table in respect of major pe:ialties. H 1088 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 14 (ADDL.) S.C.R.

A . 13. The challenge to the competence of the Chief Judge in passing the order of punishment is not meritorious and has, rightly been rejected by the High Court. By virtue of the second proviso in the Notification dated November 17, 1982, the appellant's right of departmental appeal was not taken away B and he could have challenged that order in the departmental appeal to the higher authority. The appellant did not avail of that opportunity and instead challenged the order in a Writ Petition before the High Court. 14. Be that as it may, the appellant's right of appeal has C not been affected by the Chief Judge in passing the order dated November 8, 2000. 15. The appeal has no merit and is dismissed accordingly with no order as to costs. D B.B.B. Appeal dismissed.