(2011] 5 S.C.R. '729 NARMADA BAI A v. , · STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS .. . .~ i · (Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 115 of 2007) ; - ' ~ • 1 0 ' • • \- ' ,; . , APRIL 8, 2011 ~ ' y, - ~ B [P. SATHASIVAM AND,, DR: B.5. CHAUHAN,, JJ.l .- ' ····~ ' . . . ' ; - "

Investigation/inquiry: Allegation against high police officials and senior politician - Filing of charge-sheet by the , State. agency - Writ petition seeking investigation· by C specialize<;} agency - Held: In an appropriate case, particularly, when the court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities is not in the. proper direction as the . high police officials are involved, in order to do complete justice, "it is always open· to· the Court to 'hand over the D investigation ·to an independent and specialized ·agency like the CBI even when charge sheet is submitted - lil the instant · case, the petitioner sought transfer of case 'to CBI to investigate fake encounter killing of her son (victim) -'It was the definite case of the CBI that the' abduction of 'S' and 'K; E the associate of victim and their subsequent murders as well as the murder of the victim were one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction ills. 220, Cr. P. C. and if two parts of the saine transaction were investigated and prosecuted by different agencies,; it might' F cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well - ·There was substantial material already on record which made it probable that the prime motive of elimination of victim was that he was a witness to abduction of 'S' and 'K'

- Evidence raised strong suspicion that the encounter was G fake and stage managed as predicted by victim prior to his death - Much before the incident of alleged fake encounter, complaints were lodged bY. victim in writing to the Collector and to the NHRC expressing the apprehension that he was . 729 H 730 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A likely to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police - It is the age old maxim that justice must not only be done but must be seen to be done - The fact that senior police officials and a senior politician were accused may shake the confidence of public in investigation conducted by the State Police - The s analysis of the materials showed several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government - In view of circumstances and in the light of the involvement of police officials of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, it is not desirable c to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation - Accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public interest, the CBI is directed to take over the investigation - Police Authorities of the Gujarat State are directed to handover all the records of the case to the CBI. D Criminal trial: Transfer of investigation to CBI ordered by the Supreme Court - Submission of report by CBI and subsequent monitoring - Held: Once a charge sheet is filed in the competent court after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by the Supreme Court for the E purpose of making the CBI and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigating into the offences concerned comes to an end - Thereafter it is only the court in which the charge sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused, including F matters falling within the scope of s. 173(8) Cr.P.C. In *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case, the Supreme Court directed the CBI to investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of one 'S' and his wife 'K' in a fake G encounter. In the said judgment, the court recorded that · there was strong suspicion that the third person picked up with 'S' was 'T' and a possibility of "larger conspiracy" and that killing of 'T' was part of the same conspiracy. 'T' was stated to be a key witness to the murder of 'S' and 'K'.H-·

NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 731 The petitioner in the instant writ petition was the A mother of 'T'. The grievance of the petitioner was that her son had been done away by respondent Nos. 6-19, the officials of Gujarat and Rajasthan police in a fake encounter with the ulterior intent to shield themselves in the investigation emanating under the directions of the B Supreme Court in *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case. The instant petition was filed by her under Article 32 of the Constitution praying for issuance of a writ of mandamus or in the nature thereof or any other writ, order of direction directing the CBI to register a First Information c Report and investigate into the fake encounter killing of her son and submit its report to the Supreme Court. The petitioner also prayed for compensation for the killing of her son in a fake encounter thereby causing gross violation of Articles 21 and 22 of the Constitution. D The issues which arose for consideration in the instant writ petition were whether after filing of the charge-sheet by the State agency, the court is precluded from appointing any other independent specialized agency like the CBI to go into the same issues if the E earlier investigation was not done as per the established procedure; and subject to the answer relating to the first issue whether the petitioner has made out a case for entrusting the investigation to the CBI. F

Allowing the writ petition, the Court HELD: 1.1. In an appropriC!_te case, particularly, when the Court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities is not in the proper direction as the high police officials are involved, in order to do complete G justice, it is always open to the Court to hand over the investigation to an independent and specialized agency like the CBI. It is clear from the judgment of *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case that there was a strong suspicion that·the H 732 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A 'third person' picked up with 'S' was 'T'. It was also observed that the call records of 'T' were not properly analysed and there was no. justific~tion for the then ir;ivestigating officer to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to 'T'. The Court had also B directed the CBI to unearth "larger conspiracy" regarding the murder of 'S'. In such circumstances, those observations and directions ca1:mot lightly be taken note of and it is the duty of the CBI to go into all the details as directed by this Court. [paras 11, 19) [7 47-E; 756-E-F] C *Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat & Ors., 2010 (1) SCR991 = 2010 (2) SCC 200; Vineet Narain vs. Union S~R 1053 = 1996 (2) SCC 199 - relied of India 1996. (1) on. D Union of India vs. Sushi/ Kumar Modi (1998) 8 SCC 661; Rajiv Ranjan Singh 'La/an' (Vfll) vs. Union of India 2006 (4) Suppl. SCR 742 = 2006 (6). SCC 613; Hari Singh vs.

State of U.P. 2006 (3) Suppl. SCR 59 = · 2006 (5) sec 733 ; Aleque Padamsee vs. Union of India 2007 (8) SCR 390 = E 2007 (6) SCC 171; MC. Mehta vs. Union of India 2007 (10) SCR 1060 = 2008 (1) SCC 407; R. S. Sodhi vs. State of U.P.' 1994 Supp (1) SCC 143; Ramesh Kumari vs .. State (NCT of Delhi) 2006 (2) SCR 403 = 2006 (2) sec 677; Kashmeri Devi vs. Delhi Administration 1988 Supp SCC 482; F Gudalure M.J. Cherian vs. Union of India 1991 (3) Suppl. SCR 251 = 1992 (1) SCC 397 ; Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Asson. vs. State of Punjab 1993 (3) Suppl. SCR 915 = 1994 (1) sec 616 - referred to. 1.2. In the instant case, it was the definite case of the G CBI that the abduction of 'S' and 'K' and their subsequent mµrders as well as the murder of 'T' were one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction under Section 220 of the Cr.P.C. As rightly pointed out by the CBI, if two parts of the same H

NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 733 •transaction are investigated and prosecuted by different A agencies, it may cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well. There was substantial material already on record which made it probable that' the prime motive of elimination of 'T' was that he was,a witness to abduction of 'S' and 'K'. Both oral and B documentary evidence raised strong suspicion that the encounter was fake and stage managed as predicted by 'T' prior to his death. Much before the incident of alleged fake encounter of 'T',· two· complaints were lodged in writting, one to the Collector, Udaipur and another c addressed to the Chairman; NHRC, New Delhi' expressing the apprehension that he is likely and going to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police. [Paras 23, 32] [759·B~E; 763-C"F] · _,_ · ·· . ..., , ' j ~· • i 'I i!'"' • > )'(" D'

1.3. It is the age-~!d.ir!_axim that justice must not only. be done but must be seen to be done. The fact-that in the . case of murder of an associate of 'T', senior police officials and a senior politician were accused which' may shake the confidence of public in investigation coilauctEfd' by the State Police. If the majesty of rule of law is to be E upheld and if it is to be ensured that the guilty are punished 'in accordance with law notwithstanding their' status and authority which they might have enjoyed, it is'· desirable to entrust the investigation to the CBI. It was the specific claim of the State of. Gujarat that they have. F1 conducted a fair and impartial investigation into the killin'g of 'T', however, analysis of the materials showed several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government. Therefore, without entering into the allegations leveled by either of the parties, it would be G prudent and advisable to transfer the investigation to an independent agency. It is trite law that accused persons do not have a say in the matter of appointment of an . investigation agency. The accused persons cannot· H 734 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. •A choose as to which investigation agency must investigate the alleged offence committed by them.

Although, charge-sheet has been filed by the State of Gujarat after a gap of 3 ~ years after the incident, that too after pronouncement of judgment in Rubbabudin's case B and considering the nature of crime that has been allegedly committed not by any third party but by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat, the investigation conducted and concluded in the instant case by the State police cannot be accepted. In view of various c circumstances highlighted and in the light of the involvement of police officials· of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, it would not be desirable to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation, accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public0 interest, the CBI is directed to take the investigation. [Paras 31, 32, 36, 37) [762-H; 763-A-C; 765-H] Md. Anis vs. Union of India and Ors. 1993 (1) Suppl. SCR 263 = 1994 (1) Suppl. sec 145 - relied on. E M.C. Mehta (Taj Corridor Scam) vs. Union of India and Others 2006 (9) Suppl. SCR 683 = 2007 (1) SCC 110 -referred to.

2. once a charge sheet is filed in the competent court F after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by the Supreme Court for the purpose of making the C~I and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigation into the offences concerned comes to an end and thereafter it is G only the court in which the charge sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters· relating to the trial of the accused, including matters falling within the scope of Section 173(8) Cr.P.C. [Para 38) [766-F·H] H 3. The Police Autho'rities of the Gujarat State are NARMADA BAl v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 735 directed to handover all the records of the instant case A to the CBI within two weeks from this date and the CBI shall investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of 'T' and file a report to .the concerned .court/ special court having jurisdiction within a period of six months from the date .of taking over of the investigation B from the State Police Authorities. The Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are also directed to cooperate with the CBI Authorities in conducting the investigation. Though the petitioner has prayed for compensation for the killing of her son, c inasmuch as the CBI is directed to investigate and submit a report before the court concerned/special court within six months, depending on the outcome of the investigation, petitioner is permitted to move the said court for necessary direction for compensation and it is D for the said court ·to pass appropriate orders in accordance with law. [Paras 39-40) [767-H; 768-A-Ej ~ Case Law Reference:

2010 (1) SCR 991 relied on Para 2, 13, 16, E 17, 38, 36 1996 (1) SCR 1053 relied on Para 11, 38 (1998) 8 sec 661 . referred to Para 11, 38 2006 (4) Suppl. SCR 742 referred to Para 11 F 2006 (3) Suppl. SCR 59 referred to Para 11 2007 (8) SCR 390 referred to Para 11 2007 (10) SCR 1060 referred to Para 11 G 1994 Supp (1) sec 1.43 relied on Para 11, 34 2006 (2) SCR 403 referred to Para 11 1988 Supp sec 482 referred to Para 11 H 736 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A 1991 (3) Suppl. SCR 251 referred to Para 11 1993 (3) Suppl. SCR 915 referred to Pi;ira 11 1993 (1) Suppl. SCR 263 referred to Para 33 2006 (9) Suppl. SCR 683 referred to Para 37B CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURIDICTION : Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007. · · Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. c H.P:. Rawal, ASG, Ranjeet Kumar, Ram Jethmalani, KTS Tulsi, Jaideep Gupta, Tushar Mehta, AAG, Huzefa, A. Ahmadi, Meenakshi Arora, Hemantika Wahi, Pranav Diesh, Karan Kalia, Anish K. Gupta, Subramonium Prasad, Rajat Khattry, Maheen Pradhan, A.K. Sharma, Deepak Prakash, Biju P. D Raman, Rajesh B., Malini Poduval, Bhupender Yadav, S.S. Shamashery, Debaleena Kilikdar, B. R. Barik, R.C. Kohli, Gp. Capt. Karan Singh Bhati, Jyoti Upadhyay, Rashid Khan, Padmalakshmi Nigam: Harsh N. Parekh, Sonam Anand, S.N. Terdal for the appearing parties. E

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by P. SATHASIVAM, J. 1. Narmada Bai-the petitioner herein, mother of Tulsiram Prajapati-the deceased, who, according to her, was killed on 27/28.12.2006 in a fake encounter by F respondent Nos. 6 to 19, who are the officials of Gujarat and Rajasthan Police, somewhere on the road going from Ambalimal to Sarhad Chhapri, has filed the above writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India praying for issuance of a writ of mandamus or in the nature thereof or any other writ, G order or direction directing the Central Bureau of Investigation (in short 'the CBI') to register a First Information Report (in short 'FIR') and investigate into the fake encounter killing of her son and submit its report to this Court. In the same petition, she also prayed for compensation for the killing of her son in a fake H NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 737 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] encounter thereby causing gross violation of Articles 21 and 22 A of the Constitution .

. 2. _Case_ of the Writ -Petitioner:-_ · 1- (a) According to the petitioner, she is 55 years.old illiterate widow. Her younger son had been done away by respondent'. B Nos. 6-19 in a fake encounter with the' ulterior intent to shield themselves in the investigation emanating under the directions of this Court in the· case of Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs"' State of G~jarat & Ors., (2010) 2 SCC 200.- ~he came.to know through local pe.rsotis abo~t the fake".ehco,unter, an,d killing' of- C Sohrabuddi.n· and his wife Kausarbi and ,the d_irections of this ): said incident,.Court' in that case. On- being. ' informed' . abouUhe she approached this Court for.directions to register an FIR into, the fake encounter killing of her son' :tulsiram' Prajapati and investigation by an independent agency, l_ike the CBI and for D submission of its report to this Court for further action. According to the petitioner, the fake.encounter killing of her son is directly ·connected to the case of sohrabuddin a·nd his wife Kausarbi as he would have been a material witness to the said killings. - . . ' · ' E l:' • ' ·, . .

. - (b) It is further stated that her son'TulsiramPrajapati while lodged in_ Central Jail, Ucjaipur, had addressed a letter dated _ 11.05.2006 to the Collector, Udaipur informing him about the life threatening attack carried out on him in Udaipur Central Jiiil on 25.03.2006, when he was beaten up with.iron rods and lathis F by co-prisoners. He expressly wrote that there was conspiracy to kill him along with two· others and_ a1$0 named the persons who were behind the conspiracy and requested that incident -be investigated and his life be protected. Thereafter, on~ 18.05.2006, the deceased also addressed a. letter to the G Chairman, National Human Rights Commission (in short 'NHRC') alleging that there was conspiracy among the police officials of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, etc. to do away with him in a fake encounter by cooking up a false story.of. n.mning away from custody,- In the __ said letter, the deceased H. . 738 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A specifically requested that his security be ensured whenever he is taken on remand. In the same letter, he also mentioned that the Gujarat Crime Branch and Anti Terrorist Squad (in short 'A TS') were very notorious for staging fake encounters. The NHRC acknowledged the receipt of the said letter and B forwarded a copy to the Superintendent of Police, Udaipur, Rajasthan vide letter dated 22.06.2006.

(c) Thus from March 2006, the deceased had been expressing serious apprehensions and threat to his life at the hands of the police. The deceased had reasons to believe that C Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Superintendent of Police, respondent No.8, had taken a huge sum of money from the Marble traders and dealers in Rajasthan with the assurance that he would do away with him in a fake encounter. Before he being interrogated by Ms. Geeta Johri, an officer investigating the matter of fake D encounter killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, in the night intervening 27/28 December, 2006, Tulsiram Prajapati was done away in a fake encounter by respondent Nos. 6-19. (d) Quoting from certain newspaper reports, more E particularly, the Times of India dated 29.12.2006, the petitioner has alleged that her son was being escorted by Udaipur (Rajasthan) Police from Ahmedabad to Udaipur in a train. When the train was passing through Himatnagar-Shymlaji Stretch, the deceased sought permission to go to the toilet. The policemen F escorted him to the toilet where two of his accomplices disguised as passengers attacked the policemen by throwing chilli powder in their eyes. When the policemen called for the other members of the escort party, the goons fired at them and jumped off the moving train. In response, the police opened fire G but the accused fled in the cover of darkness after shooting back at the police.

(e) Pursuant to such alleged fleeing of Tulsiram Prajapati from police custody, Mr. Dinesh Kumar, SP, Udaipur called Mr. Vipul Agarwal, SP Banaskantha and informed him of the same. H Thereafter, local police of Banaskantha headed by Mr. Vipul NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 739 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] Agarwal under direct supervision of Mr. D.G. Vanzara, Range A DIG, swung into action and registered an FIR being Crime Register No. 115 of 2006 at Ambaji Police Station; Banaskantha, on 28.12.2006 at 8.00 hrs. claiming that Tulsiram Prajapati had been killed in an encounter.

(f) It is further alleged that when patrolling was carried out, B three persons tried to stop one Matador van but the vehicle did not stop there. It has also been alleged that a police jeep of Mr. A.A. Pandya, SI w~s coming behind the Matador and the said three persons tried to stop it. On stopping the police jeep, Mr. Narayansinh Fatehsinh Chauhan, ASI recognized one of the C three persons in the light of jeep as the absconding Tulsiram Prajapati. On seeing that, the deceased took out a weapon kept in the nylon belt on his waist and fired which hit the left side of the mudguard of the police jeep and ran away in the darkness. While running, they fired at the police party in which one bullet D hit at the left shoulder of Shri A.A. Pandya, SI. It is alleged that · in self-defence Shri A.A. Pandya fired two rounds from his service revolver and Mr. Narayansinh Fatehsinh Cha.uhan and Mr. Yuddharamsinh Nathusinh Rajput, Rajasthan police constables also fired from their weapons. On account of the E firing by the police party, bullets hit Tulsiram Prajapati and he fell down on road side and the other two persons ran away and could not be traced. Thereafter, he was taken to Ambaji Cottage Hospital where he was declared dead by the doctor ond~. · F

(g) It is the further case of the petitioner that the deceased being a key eye witness to the murder of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, the team of Mr. D.G. Vanzara and others planned to do away with him to avoid his interrogation by Ms, Geet.a Johrl, ·Inspector General of Police. The aforesaid facts create G a strong suspicion on the conduct of respondent Nos. 6 to 19 and the petitioner has every reason to believe that her son-Tulsiram Prajapati has been killed by them in a fake. encounter. She also alleged that the. respondents/accused officers enjoy H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. 740 A powei'ful position in their respective State Police and are trying to obstruct further inquiry into the fake encounter killing of her son, who was a material witness in the case of fake encounter of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi. Hence, the petitioner has preferred this petition before this Court praying for direction B to CBI to register an FIR and investigate the case. 3. Stand of the State of Gujarat - respondent No.1

(a) Shri l.M. Desai, Deputy Inspector General of Police, CID (Crime), Gujarat State filed an affidavit wherein it was stated C that the present petition under Article 32 of the Constitution is not maintainable as the case registered in respect of death of the petitioner's son in police firing on 28.12 .2006 was under investigation. The Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 being a Habeas Corpus was entertained by this Court as an D exceptional case and, therefore, the same cannot be cited as a precedent. It was further stated in the said affidavit that Tulsiram Prajapati was a dreaded inter-state criminal and was also known as Tulsiram Prajapati @ Prafull @ Samir son of Ganga Ram Prajapati involved in 21 criminal cases and he was E killed on 28.12.2006 in police firing after escaping from police custody. In respect of the same, an FIR was registered in Ahmedabad Railway Police Station of Gujarat vide CR No. 294/06 under Sections 307, 224, 225, 34 of Indian Penal Code (in short "IPC") and Section 25(1)(AB) of the Arms Act, 1959 F and Section 135 of Bombay Police Act, 1951.

(b) According to the State, after escaping from the Police Custody, Tulsiram Prajapati was again confronted by Gujarat Police and Rajasthan Police and was killed in police firing for which an FIR was registered in Ambaji Police Station vide CR G No. 115 of 2006 dated 28.12.2006 under Sections 307, 427, 34 of IPC and Section 25(1)(C) of the Arms Act, 1959 and Section 135 ofthe,Bombay Police Act, 1951. Since the cases in 'respect of the above two incidents had already been registered in the Police Stations, there is no need to register H a fresh case as claimed by the petitioner. It was further stated NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF'GUJARAT AND ORS. 741 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] that Tulsiram Prajapati was not a matehal witness in the case A of SohrabUddin. He also denied that any such incident had taken place within the premises of Udaipur Central Jail as claimed by the petitioner on 25.03.200!;; but t~erE~ was a quarrel among the prisoners on. 24.03.2006 in the Court lock-up for which a criminal case was registered at Bhopalpura Police B Station in C.R.No. 131of2006 under Sections 341, 323, 506 and 34 IPC. ' ..

(c) As regards the. complaint made to the NHRC, investigation carried out so far revealed that no '.such conspiracy' C amongst the police officers of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan has come on record. The deceased · also never showed any apprehension to the petitioner about· danger. to his life from marble dealers or police. officers of Udaipur: The. petitioner's claim about Tulsiram Prajapati's apprehension to his life is at the most hearsay and based on D extraneous con~iderations. (d) The claim thafthe deceased-Tulsiram ~·Prajapati was•t highly inconvenient witness for respondent Nos. 6-19 is without substance as respondent No. 10 - Mr. V.L. Solanki, an inquiry E officer, has stated in respect of alleged killing of Sohrabuddin. that during preliminary enquiry there was· no link between Tulsiram Prajapati and the death of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi in an encounter. The same view has been expressed· by Ms. Geeta Johri, IGP under whose direct supervision the . F case relating to Sohrabuddin was investigated. The 'third; person' allegedly present at the time of abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi was Kalimuddin and not Tulsiram Prajapati. . . ,

(e) In the subsequent affidav.it dated 19.08.2010, G Dashrathbhai, R. Patel,, Under Secretary, Gqvernrnent .of Gujarat, Home Department has stated that the State CID (Crime) has filed a charge-sheet which is the subject-matter.of present writ petition. It is the consistent.stand of.the. State that the eneounter killing of Tulsiram Prajapati (subject-matter of Writ H 742 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007) has nothing to do with the killing of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi (which was the subject-matter decided by this Court in Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007). 4. Stand of Mr. Amit Shah - respondent No.2: B (a) The present writ petition is an abuse of the process of law by/at the behest of political party controlling the CBI. (b) The investigation in a criminal case normally takes place in accordance with the procedure prescribed under the c Code of Criminal Procedure (in short 'the Cr.P.C.') and by the normal investigating agency prescribed. The Constitutional Court can direct deviation from such statutorily prescribed method of investigation and direct an outside agency like the CBI to step in and investigate an offence only in extraordinary circumstances and in rarest of rare cases. The petitioner has0 not led factual foundation of facts to hold that the present case is one of the rarest of rare cases which requires deviation from the statutorily prescribed mode of investigation.

(c) On perusal of both the investigations and charge-sheet E which are filed in both the offences, it is seen that there is no credible evidence to support the view that Tulsiram Prajapati was that 'third person' and the evidence which the CBI is relying on is clearly fabricated being based on the unreliable statements of witnesses. On the other hand all available F evidence points to the fact that the 'third person' could only be Kalimuddin @ Naimuddin who is under the protection of the Andhra Pradesh Police. The CBI is seeking to take over Tulsiram Prajapati's encounter case only to fabricate the evidence and to destroy the charge-sheet filed by the Gujrat G Police in Tulsiram Prajapati's case. The status report filed by the CBI in Sohrabuddin's case that Tulsiram Prajapati was the 'third person' which is a blatant lie. Though there is no link between the two and yet the CBI is attempting to fabricate a link that does not exist. Inasmuch as the CBI which has lost all H its credibility as an independent a9ency and is being used by NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 743 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] A political party in power in the Central Government, in the A absence of any extraordinary circumstances having been shown by the petitioner in the petition no direction need be issued for handing over the investigation to the CBI and prayed for dismissal of the writ petition. B (5) Stand of the CBI - respondent No.21:

(a) The investigation conducted in R.C. No. 4(S)/2010, Special Crime Branch, Mumbai, as per the directions of this Court in its order dated 12.01.2010, vide Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 revealed that the alleged fake encounter of Tulsiram C / Prajapati on 28.12.2006 was done in order to eliminate him as he was the key witness in the criminal conspiracy of the abduction and killing of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi by the powerful and the influential accused persons. The investigation further revealed that the deceased knew that his death was D imminent at the hands of Gujarat Police in connivance with the Rajasthan Police as he was the prime witness to the said case. (b) The investigation also revealed that Tulsiram Prajapati was brought to Ahmadabad on 28.11.2006 and 12.12.2006 in E connection with the case No. 1124 of 2004 in JM Court No. 13, Ahmadabad, along with co-accused Md. Azam and around 50 police commandos were accompanied for the escort party, whereas on 25.11.2006, Tulsiram Prajapati was brought alone on police escort by Rajasthan Police from Udaipur Jail when less than five police men accompanied him. After the orders F of this Court for the investigation by this agency, it emerged that police officials of ATS, Ahmadabad were involved in the. abduction and killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife KausarbL

(c) The murder of Tulsiram Prajapati took place on G 28.12.2006, case was registered on 28. 12.2006 and Gujarat CID commenced investigation on 22.03.2007. However, even after a lapse of 3 years, no action was taken against any of the accused. As directed by this Court, only on the investigation of Tulsiram Prajapati's case, the "larger conspiracy" would be H 744 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A established .and the mandate and tasks assigned by this Court to the CBI would be accomplished both in letter and spirit towards the goal of a fair trial, upholding the rule of law. If Tulsiram Prajapati's fake encounter case is not transferred to the CBI for investigation, it may lead to issue-estoppal or res judicata against prosecution.8 Stand of the other respondents 6. As far as the officials of the Gujarat State Police are concerned, they reiterated the stand taken by the State. rv)r. · C Dinesh Kumar, S.P. Udaipur, Rajasthan-respondent No.8 has filed a separate counter affidavit denying all the allegations made by the petitioner and taking the same stand as that of the State of Gujarat and ultimately prayed for dismissal of the writ petition. ·

D 7. In the light of the above pleadings, we heard Mr. Huzefa A. Ahmadi, learned counsel for the writ petitioner, Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior counsel for the State of Gujarat (re5pondent No.1 ), Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel for Amit Shah (respondent No.2), Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned senior E counsel for the CBI, Mr. Deepak Prakash, learned counsel for respondent No.8, Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned senior counsel for respondent No.6, Gp. Capt. Karan Singh Bhati, learned counsel for respondent Nos. 12, 13 and 14 and Mr. H.P. Rawal, learned ASG for the Union of India. F · 8. The main grievance of the petitioner is that her deceased son .:.. Tulsiram Prajapati being a key witness to the murder of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, the team of Mr. D.G. Vanzara, DIG and other officers of the State Police G planned to do away him to avoid the interrogation by Ms. Geeta Johri, IGP. The petitioner had also strong suspicion on the conduct of respondent Nos. 6-19 and has every reason to believe that her son h~.d been killed by them in a fake encounter. It is also the apprehension of the petitioner that since· H t~7 respondents/accused police officers enjoy powerful position. NARMADA f3AI v. STAIE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 745 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] '. in their respective States and they are trying t6 obstruct further A inquiry in the matter, prayed for entrusting the investigation to a specialized independent agency like the CBI.

· · , 9 . .Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior counsel for the State . of Gujarat and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel for 8 Mr. Amit Shah, respondent No.2, who, at the relevant time was the Home Minister of the State, vehemently objected the claim of the petitioner and by placing several materials submitted that inasmuch as after proper investigation the State Police has filed the charge-sheet, there is no need for further investigation by C the .CBI at this stage. They further submitted that any such direction at this stage would delay the entire prosecution. Key: Issues: 10. Keeping the above submissions in mind, we have to D first find out (a) whether after filing of the charge-sheet by the State agency, the Court is precluded from appointing any other independent specialized agency like the CBI to go into the same issues if the earlier investigation was not done as per the established procedure; and (b) subject to the answer relating E to the issue raised in (a) whether the petitioner has made out a case for entrusting the investigation to the CBI. Analysis as to issue (a): 11. The first issue i.e. (a) as in the case on hand also arose F in the case of Rubabbuddin Sheikh (supra). The factual details therein will be discussed in the later paragraphs. With regard to the similar objection as to further investigation by the CBI, this Court·considered the following cases: (i) Vineet Narain vs. Union of India, (1996) 2 SCC G 199

(ii) Union ·of India vs. Sushi/ Kumar Modi, (1998) 8 sec 661 H 746 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A (iii) Rajiv Ranjan Singh 'La/an' (VIII) vs. Union of India, (2006) 6 sec 613 (iv) Hari Singh vs. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 733 (v) Aleque Padamsee vs. Union of India, (2007) 6 B sec 111 (vi) M. C. Mehta vs. Union of India, (2008) 1 SCC 407 (vii) R.S. Sodhi vs. State of U.P., 1994 Supp(1) SCC c 143 (viii) Ramesh Kumari vs. State (NCT of Delhi}, (2006) 2 sec 677 (ix) Kashmeri Devi vs. Delhi Administration, 1988 o supp sec 482 (x) Gudalure M.J. Cherian vs. Union of India, (1992) 1 sec 397; and (xi) Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Asson. Vs. E State of Punjab, (1994) 1 SCC 616 and concluded in paragraphs 60 and 61 as under:

"60. Therefore, in view of our discussions made hereinabove, it is difficult to accept the contentions of Mr F Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the State of Gujarat that after the charge-sheet is submitted in the court in the criminal proceeding it was not open for this Court or even for the High Court to direct investigation of the case to be handed over to CBI or to any independent G agency. Therefore, it can safely be concluded that in an appropriate case when the court feels that the investigation by the police authorities is not in the proper direction and in order to do complete justice in the case and as the high police officials are involved in the said crime, it was always H open to the court to hand over the investigation to the NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 747 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] independent agency like CBI. It cannot be said that after A the charge-sheet is submitted, the court is not empowered, in an appropriate case, to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI.

61. Keeping this discussion in mind, that is to say, B in an appropriate case, the court is empowered to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI even when the charge-sheet has been submitted, we now deal with the facts of this case whether such investigation should be transferred to the CBI Authorities or any other C independent agency in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in court. On this ground, we have carefully examined the eight action taken reports submitted by the State police authorities before us and also the various materials produced and the submissions of the learned counsel for both the parties." D (Emphasis supplied) It is clear, that in an appropriate case, particularly, when the Court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities E is not in the proper direction as the high. police officials are involved, in order to do completejustice, it is always open to the Court to hand over the investigation to an independent and specialized agency like the CBI. 12. In the light of the above principles, now let us consider F the second issue (b) viz., whether the investigation relating to the encounter killing of Tulsiram Prajapati should be transferred to the CBI in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in the Court by the State Police. G

13. It is the specific stand of the writ petitioner that while considering the grievance of Rubabbuddin Sheikh about the death of his brother Sohrabuddin in a fake encounter, the present petitioner, mother of Tulsiram Prajapati also filed Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 and, the same was tagged along H 748 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A with Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 which was filed by brother of Sohrabuddin. The cause title of the case vide Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat & Ors. (2010) 2 SCC 200 shows that Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 was heard along with Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007. Though at the end of the B judgment. this Court directed that Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 be listed after eight weeks before an appropriate Bench. As pointed out by the learned counsel for the petitioner and the CBI, the said judgment records that there is strong suspicion that the 'third person' picked up with Sohrabuddin was c Tulsiram Prajapati. It ,was also observed that call records of Tulsiram Prajapati were not properly analyzed and there was no justification for the then investigation officer, Ms. Geeta Johri to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to Tulsiram Prajapati. In para 65, the following observations are relevant: D "65. It also appears from the charge-sheet that it identifies the third person who was taken to Disha farm as Kalimuddin. But it does not contain the details of what happened to him once he was abducted. The possibility of the third person being Tulsiram Prajap~ti cannot be· E ruled out, although the police authorities or the State had made all possible efforts to show that it was not Tulsiram. In our view, the facts surrounding his death evokes strong · suspicion that a deliberate attempt was made to destroy a human witness." · F

(Emphasis supplied) Apart from the above conclusion, after analyzing. several Action Taken Reports filed by the State and various circumstances and in view of the involvement of the high police officials of the State G in the crime therein, this Court directed the CBI to investigate all the aspects of the case relating to the killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi including the possibility of a "larger conspiracy"' H 14. Pursuant to the said direction, the CBI investigated the NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 749 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] cause of death of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi. The CBI, A in their counter affidavit, has specifically stated that as perthefr . investigation Tulsiram Prajapati was· a key witness in the murder of Sohrabuddin and he was the 'third person' who a·ccompanied Sohrabuddin from Hyderabad and killing df Tulsiram Prajapati was ·a part of the same conspiracy. It was B further stated that all the records qua Tulsiram Prajapati's case were crucial to unearth the "larger conspiracy~ regarding the Sohrabuddin's case which despite being sought were not given by the·State of Gujarat. ' · · c 15, As against the assertion of the writ petitioner and the stand of the CBI, Mr. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel appearing for respondent Nos. 1 and 2 irespectively cited several instances ahd relied oh certain materials to show that inquiry by the CBI is not warranted. They D are:

·· (i) Tulsiram Prajapati, as mentioned in the petition and in the prayer was the sharp shooter of Sohrabuddin. He was co-accused of Sohrabuddin in Hamid Lala's case and was taken · into custody only on 29.11.2005. Obviously, he had 'been E absconding till then. In other words, he had been absconding · for nearly a·year before he was arrested. After his arrest, he was lodged in Central Jail, Udaipur. While in custody; he and two. of his jail-mates addressed a letter dated .11.05.2'006 to· the Collector; Udaipur informing _him about the attack 'carried F out on them in the jail premises and they were badly injured. He did not even express a suspicion about any one who planned the attack on him. He named seven persons who had actually participated in the attack. In the said letter, he did not allege or even suspect that this dangerous assault in jail had. G anything to do with the Sohrabuddin-Kausarbi fake encounter case or that he was being eliminated because he was a witness of the murder of either Sohrabuddin or his wife. (ii), On 18.05.2006, Tuls'iram Prajapati adqressed another letter to the Chairman, NHRC, New Delhi. In this letter again, H 750 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A he did not allege that he was an eye witness and that is why he was afraid of being eliminated. He, however, did admit that he is an accused in serious cases in the State of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. What he alleged was that there was a conspiracy among the police officers of these B States to knock him out. Even the NHRC did not draw any inference. Ultimately, Tulsiram Prajapati was killed at about 8.00 a.m. on 28.12.2006. The scene of offence was within the jurisdiction of Ambaji Police Station in District Banaskantha of Gujarat. An FIR of this incident was registered on the same day c within 15 minutes. (iii) Till his death, no evidence had emerged that he had accompanied Sohrabuddin about 13 months back i.e. on 25.11.2005 to Gujarat where the encounter took place on the outskirts of Ahmedabad. D

(iv) The order of this Court in Rubabbuddin Sheikh (supra) has been made under unfortunate circumstances without hearing anybody except the State of Gujarat. It is the Union of India and Amicus who is a law officer of the Union of India that E wanted the investigation into the Sohrabuddin's case be transferred to the CBI which had been fully investigated by the State police and resulted in a charge-sheet as far back as on 16.07.2007. The main ground on which faults were found was that the investigation was the alleged failure to identify the F Andhra Pradesh Police officers and others who participated in the abduction of the couple from Hyderabad to Gujarat leading eventually to their being killed. (v) Apart from the 13 accused who had originally been charge-sheeted by the Gujarat Police as a res·ult of their G investigation, the CBI, on 23.07.2010, added the then Home Minister of Gujarat as accused No.16 and involved him in the Sohrabuddin's murder case. (vi) The CBI submitted two reports- Status Report No.1 on H 30.07.2010 and a week thereafter, they filed the charge-sheet. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 751 [P. SATHASIVAM. J.]

In pursuance of the charge-sheet, accused No.16-Amit Shah A was arrested on 25.07 .2010 and released on bail by the High Court of Gujarat on 29.10.2010. The order releasing him on bail is subject matter of challenge in SLP (Crl.) No. 9003 of 2010. The Status Report No.1, filed by the CBI before the Bench on 30.07.2010 informed the Court that Tulsiram Prajapati was B abducted along with Sohrabuddih and Kausarbi and he was handed over to the Rajasthan Police. There is no explanation as to why he was not killed along with Kausarbi or Sohrabuddin. After all, both were arch criminals jointly involved in several murderous activities all over the country. When he was spared c for 13 months and then disposed of during this time he had every opportunity to disclose that he was an eye witness of the Sohrabuddin's murder case. 16. By placing all the above details and further materials both the senior counsel submitted: D (i) By filing the charge-sheet by the Gujarat Police the State · has granted the prayer which Narmada Bai has made in her writ petition. E (ii) The persons whom she has implicated have all been charge-sheeted by the Gujarat Police. (iii) The conduct of the CBI does not inspire any confidence in this case. It has become a party to a political conspiracy. F

(iv) In the Status Report Nos. 1 and 2 filed by the CBI and submitted before the other Bench, they have already reported to the Court that the Sohrabuddin couple on their fateful journey from Hyderabad to Gujarat were accompanied by a 'third ·person' and that 'third ,person' was Tulsiram Prajapati. This is G a dishonest finding based upon some fabricated circumstances which are capable of being easily demolished. (v) The order dated 12.01.201 Ot in RL1babbuddin Sheikh (supra) is contrary to binding authorities and' no credence or H 752 •SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A value can in law be assigned to the two Status reports. The very anxiety'on the other side that this should be handed over to the CBI creates a serious apprehension about the impartiality and independence of this agency. · · Analysis as to issue (b):B

17 .. Inasmuch as the present writ petition is having a bearing on the decision of the writ petition filed by Rubabbuddin Sheikh and also the claim of the petitioner, the observations madE! therein, particularly, strong suspicion about the 'third C person' accompanied Sohrabuddin, it is but proper to advert· factual details, discussion and ultimate conclusion of this Court in Rubabbudin Sheikh's case. Acting on. a letter written by Rubabbuddin Sheikh to the Chief Justice of India about the killing of his brother Sohrabuddin Sheikh in a fake encounter D and disappearance of his sister-in-law Kausarbi at'the hands of the Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS), Gujarat Police and Rajasthan Special Task Force (RSTF), the Registry of this Court, on 21.01.2007, forwarded the letter to the Director Genera.I of Police, Gujarat for necessary action. It is further seen that after E six months, the Director.General of Police, Gujarat directed Ms. Geeia Johri, Inspector General of Police (Crime), to inquire about the facts stated in the letter. A case was registered as Enquiry No. 66 of 2006 and from 11.09,2006 to 22.01.2007, four interim reports were submitted by Mr. V.L. Solanki, Police F Inspector, working under Ms. Geeta Johri. In Writ Petition No. 6 of 2007, Rubabbuddin Sheikh prayed for direction for investigation by the CBI into the alleged abduction and fake encounter of his brother Sohrabuddin by the Gujarat Police Authorities and also prayed for registration of an offence and investigation by the CBI into the alleged encounter of one G Tulsiram Prajapati, a close associate of Sohrabuddin, who was allegedly used to locate and abduct Sohrabuddin and his wife Kasurbi, and was thus ~ material witness against the police personnel. He also prayed for production of Kausarbi, his sister-in-law. After going through various reports, arguments of the H

NARMADA BAI v. STATE, OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 753 . [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] . counsel for the writ petitioner and the State of Gujarat as well A as Solicitor General for lndig, who appeared as Amicus Curiae, this Court disposed of the writ petition by entrusting the investigation to the CBI. Eve~ before the said Bench, such move was strongly resisted by the State through their senior counsel Mr. Mu.kul Rohtagi. B

18. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned sehior counsel appearing for the respondent No. 2 in the present writ petition vehemently submitted that the entire discussion and the ultimate conclusion in Rubabbuddin Sheikh's'case is unacceptable and (10 reliance C needs to be placed on it. He also submitted that respondent No. 2 arid other police officials were not heard by the said Bench before ordering fresh investigation by the CBI. It istrue that in the said writ petition, on behalf of the respondents, the Bench heard only the counsel for the State of Gujarat, however, it is not the case of any one that the State was not given D adequate opportunity before the said. Bench. As said earlier, in fact, the State was repr~s~nted by Mr. Mukul Rolltagi, reputed senior counsel and he put forth all relevant materials highlighting the stand of the State. Inasmuch as all the police officials of the State of Gujarat including the respondent: No. 2 E in the present writ petition were part of the State in Rubabuddin Sheikh's case, we are of the view that it cannot be said that the same is not applicable to the case on hand. The following conclusion in Rubabbuddin Sheikh's case are relevant:· F

"53. It is an admitted position in the present case that the accusat.ions are. directed against the local police personnel in which the high police officials of the State of Gujarat have been made the a.ccused. Therefore, it would be proper for the writ petitioner or even the pyblic to c;ome G forward to say that if the investiga~ion carried .out by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat is done, the .writ petitioner and their family members would be highly . prejudiced a11d the investigation would also not come to an end wi.t~ proper finding and if investigation is allowed H 754 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A to be carried out by the local police authorities, we feel that all concerned including the relatives of the deceased may feel that investigation was not proper and in that circumstances it would be fit and proper that the writ petitioner and the relatives of the deceased should be B assured that an independent agency should look into the matter and that would lend the final outcome of the investigation credibility however faithfully the local police may carry out the investigation, particularly when the gross allegations have been made against the high police officials of the State of Gujarat and for which some highc police officials have already been taken into custody.

54. It is also well known that when police officials of the State were involved in the crime and in fact they are investigating the case, it would be proper and interest of D justice would be better served if the investigation is directed to be carried out by the CBI Authorities, in that case CBI Authorities would be an appropriate authority to investigate the case. E 60. Therefore, in view of our discussions made hereinabove, it is difficult to accept the contentions of Mr Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the State of Gujarat that after the charge-sheet is submitted in the court in the criminal proceeding it was not open for this Court or even for the High Court to direct investigation ofF the case to be handed over to CBI or to any independent agency. Therefore, it can safely be concluded that in an appropriate case when the court feels that the investigation by the police authorities is not in the proper direction and in order to do complete justice in the case and as the highG police officials are involved in the said crime, it was always open to the court to hand over the investigation to the independent agency like CBI. It cannot be said that after the charge-sheet is submitted, the court is not empowered, in an appropriate case, to hand over the investigation to H an independent agency like CBI. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 755 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

61. Keeping this discussion in mind, that is to say, in an A appropriate case, the court is empowered to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI even when the charge-sheet has been submitted, we now deal with the facts of this case whether such investigation should be· transferred to the CBI Authorities or any other independent e . agency in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in court ..................................... ..

62. From a careful examination of the materials on record including the eight action taken reports submitted by the State police authorities and considering the respective C submissions of the learned Senior Counsel for the parties, we are of the view that there are large and various discrepancies in such reports and the investigation conducted by the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat and also the charge-sheet filed by the State investigating . D agency cannot be said to have run in a proper direction. It appears from the charge-sheet itself that it does not reveal the identity of police personnel of Andhra Pradesh even when it states that Sohrabuddin and two others were picked up by Gujarat Police personnel, accompanied by E seven personnel of Hyderabad Police. It also appears from . the charge-sheet that Kausarbi was taken into one of the two Tata Sumo Jeeps in which these police personnel accompanied the accused. They were not even among the people who were listed as accused. Mr Gopal F Subramanium, Additional Solicitor General for India (as he then was) was justified in making the comment that an honest investigating agency cannot plead their inability to identify seven personnel of the police force of the State.

65. It also appears from the charge-sheet that it ideritifies G the third person who was taken to Disha farm as Kalimuddin. But it does not contain the details of what happened to him ence he was abducted. The possibility of the third person being Tulsiram Prajapati cannot be H 756 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A ruled out, although the police authorities or the State had made all possible efforts to show that it was not Tulsiram. In our view, the facts surrounding his death evokes strong suspicion that a deliberate attempt was made to destroy a human witness. B 68. From the above factual discrepancies appearing in the eight action taken reports and from the charge-sheet, we, therefore, feel that the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat had failed to carry out a fair and impartial c investigation as we initially wanted them to do. It cannot be questioned that the offences the high police officials have committed were of grave nature which needs to be · strictly dealt with." A~er arriving at such conclusion, the Bench directed the CBI D to jnvestigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi including the alleged possibility of a "larger conspiracy".

19. It is clear that the above judgment records that there was a strong suspicion that the 'third person' picked up with E Sohrabuddin was Tulsiram Prajapati. It was also observed that the call records ofTulsiram were not properly analyzed and there was no justification for the then Investigation Officer:-- Ms. Geeta Johri to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to Tulsiram Prajapati. The Court had also directed the CBI to F unearth "larger conspiracy" regarding the Sohrabuddin's murder. In such circumstances, we are of the view that those observations and directions cannot lightly be taken note of and it is the duty of the CBI to go into all the details as directed by this Court. G . 20. Countering the stand of the petitioner, CBI and Union of India, the State and other respondents projected the case relating to Navrangpura which took place on 08.12.2004. The scene of offence was the office premises of a firm called H · Popular Builders owned by two Patel brothers - Raman Patel NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 757 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.)

and Dashrath Patel. Some unknown persons entered into the A premises and they did not kill anyone but they fired shots which damaged the computer installed in the office. An employee of the firm, who was sitting on the ground floor, where the incident took place, lodged an FIR with the Navrangpura Police Station on 08.12.2004 in the city of Ahmedabad. The FIR did not name B any one of the assailant, however, it was then discovered that the FIR was substantially a false one and the suspects were known and yet had not been named. As a result of fresh discovery made during the course of investigation, it was Patel Brothers who were ultimately charge-sheeted for filing a false c case. The second case is Hamid· Lala murder case in Which one Hamid Lala, a protector of marble dealers of Rajasthan against criminal extortion by Sohrabuddin gang was shot dead at a place within the jurisdiction of Ambaji Police Station, Udaipur in the State of Rajasthan. This incident took place on D 31.12.2004. It is a fact that Sohra,buddin after committing Hamid Lala's murder absconded and was not available to the Rajasthan Police. Later, it came to the knowledge of the investigating authorities that he had been hiding in a village of Madhya Pradesh. In the Hamid Lala· murder case, Sohrabuddin's co-accused were Tulsiram Prajapati, Sylvester E and one Azamkhan. It was fUrther pointed out that one Kalimuddin @ Naimuddin another,notorious criminal wanted. in many serious cases was residing in the State of Andhra Pradesh along with his sister Saleema Begum. They were Facting as informers of the Andhra Pradesh Police and they were under their protection. Saleema Begum was residing in Government Railway Quarters. It was Kalimuddin, who seems to have approached by somebody who invited Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi from their hide out in Madhya Pradesh to Hyderabad. This happened in the middle of November, 2005. G It was further highlighted that on or about 22.11.2005, Sohrabuddin and .his wife Kausarbi left by a luxury bus for Sangli in Maharashtra, Two tickets for the bus journey were purchased by one Sri Hari. The bus was pursued by police vehicle, two of ''"· them were in Tata Sumo vehicles belonging to the Andhra H

758 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A Pradesh Police. They were driven by two drivers in the employment of police being ordinary policemen. The Andhra Pradesh police officers who sat in these two vehicles have not been identified despite investigation both by the Gujarat Police as well as later by the CBI. Sohrabuddin was done to death in B an encounter with the police in the early morning of 26.11.2005. In the eventual charge-sheet filed by the Gujarat Police on 16.07.2007 against 13 persons it was reported that the encounter was a fake one. It is the definite case of the respondent No. 2 that the preliminary enquiry was first c registered on 27.06.2006. In the charge-sheet filed on 16.07.2007, the Gujarat Police found no evidence of any kind to implicate the respondent No. 2-Amit Shah.

21. Mr. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel pointed out that the Gujarat Police while D investigating Sohrabuddin's murder case had conducted a good part of investigation in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The Andhra Pradesh Police, however, was determined to yield no clue whatsoever about the role of the State police in the murder. Ms. Geeta Johri, the head of the Gujarat Investigating Chief had E interrogated the potential witnesses but she drew a blank. She was not provided with more materials such as Vehicle Entry Register for further investigation. The Gujarat police headed by Ms. Johri had come to the conclusion that it was possible that the couple was accompanied by a 'third person' and in all F probability that person was Kalimuddin, who had succeeded in getting the couple from Madhya Pradesh to Hyderabad and he handed over the couple to the murdering team which certainly included the Andhra Pradesh officers. G 22. According to the learned senior counsel, from all the details particularly, the charge-sheet filed by the Gujarat Police which included even senior police officers as accused, there is no need for further investigation by the CBI. Even otherwise, according to them, the conduct of the CBI does not inspire any confidence in this case. It has become party to a political H NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 759 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

conspiracy and acting as subordinate police force of the A Central Government in sensitive cases having political implications.

23. If we analyze the allegations of the State and other respondents with reference to the materials placed with the B stand taken by the CBI, it would be difficult to accept it in its entirety. It is the definite case of the CBI that the abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi and their subsequent murders as well as the murder of Tulsiram Prajapati are one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction under Section 220 of the Cr.P.C. As rightly pointed out by the CBI, if C two parts of the same transaction are investigated and prosecuted by different agencies, it may cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well. It is further seen that there is substantial material already on record which makes it probable that the prime motive of elimination of Tulsiram D Prajapati was that he was a witness to abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi. Both oral and documentary evidence raise strong suspicion that the encounter was fake and stage managed as predicted by Tulsiram Prajapati prior to his death in a number of communications. We have already E adverted to his complaint to the District Collector, Udaipur, Rajasthan and representation to the NHRC, New Delhi. In both the representations Tulsiram Prajapati highlighted about the danger to his life. In fact, the NHRC forwarded his representation to the Director General of Police, Gujarat for F necessary action.

24. It is relevant to point out the letter of Shri V.L. Solanki dated 18.12.2006 seeking permission to interrogate Tulsiram Prajapati and Sylvester lodged in Udaipur Jail. With regard to G the letter, Ms. Geeta Johri, Head of SIT, is alleged to have recorded that even she may be given permission to accompany the 1.0. for interrogation. It was pointed out by the CBI that the letter of Shri V.L. Solanki containing the signature of Ms. Geeta Johri was not found in the official file. In its place, it was pointed H 760 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2011] 5 S.C.R. A out that a fabricated note dated 05.01.2007 along with a noting of Shri G.C.Raigar dated 06.01/08.01.2007 was found in the file in which it was recorded as under: "To go to Udaipur to interrogate accused Sylvester and Tulsiram Prajapati (both being allegedly primary witnessesB in the case) of whom Tulsi was recently encountered at BK by border range."

If we compare the note and the above record of statement, it shows that each one is self contradictory, more particularly, the C note seeks to interrogate the dead man. It also cannot be ruled out that the stand taken by the CBI that as soon as the State police learnt about the direction of investigation by Ms. Geeta Johri, immediate pre-emptive steps have been taken to eliminate Tulsiram Prajapati. The CBI has pointed out that the D critical document is the note dated 22.05.2007 in the handwriting of Ms. Geeta Johri which records as under: "There is a systematic effort on the part of the State Government supporting the police to tamper with witnesses and evidences .... ."E It was pointed out that the words "State Government supporting" are sought to be struck off and are substituted by "certain agencies including" in place of "State Government supporting". This was pointed out as a direct evidence of systematic effort F of the State Government attempting to tamper with the witnesses and evidences. The CBI has also pointed out that Ms.Geeta Johri in her note dated 22.05.2007 recorded that " ... the Government may please therefore be moved to handover the case to the CBI for the purpose of metingG out justice to the petitioners and maintaining the image of Gujarat Police .. ."

It is relevant to point out that the FIR recorded by the Gujarat Police in Sohrabuddin's case claimed it to be an encounter H death and it was only on the intervention and issuance of rule NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 761 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] nisi by this Court and filing of eight Action Taken Reports, the . A SIT informed this Cdurt that it was a fake encounter and identified the police officials. 25. Apart from the above vital information, it is useful to refer that even after the transfer of Sohrabuddin's case to the B CBI ori 12.01.2010, the Gujarat Police did not move till May, 2010. The first arrest in the Tulsiram Prajapti was made in May, 2010. Further, when the CBI laid charge-sheet on 23.07.2010 in Sohrabuddin's case, the State promptly concluded its investigation and filed charge-sheet in Tulsiram Prajapati's case C on 30.07.2010. It was also pointed out that this was done only because after repeated requests the Gujarat Police handed over the copies of notes, diaries i.n Tulsiram Prajapati's case to the CBI in the month of May, 2010.

26. Another important aspect is that on earlier occasions,· D Tulsiram Prajapti was produced before the Court in Ahmedabad through video conferencing and he was removed ·· from jail on 27.12.2006 and produced before a Court, when ultimately, on 28.12.2006 i.e. the next day, he was killed. E 27. According to the CBI, the investigation has revealed that Tulsiram Prajapati was the 'third person' accompanying Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi on the fateful night of their abduction and subsequent murders in the year 2005. The investigation further revealed that after the abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi, police personnel of Rajasthan had taken away F Tulsiram Prajapati from Valsad on 23.11.2005. However, it was pointed out by the CBI that he was shown to have been arrested on 29.11.2005 at Bhilwara by the Rajasthan Police. 28, Nayamuddin Shaikh, in his statement dated G 19.02.2010, before the CBI has mentioned that they had gone to see off his brother. Sohrabuddin, Kausarbi and Tulsiram Prajapati from Indore bus stand for Hyderabad and that Sohrabuddin had told him that they would be staying with Kalimuddin in Hyderabad. The above statement of Nayamuddin H 762 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A Shaikh is corroborated by the statement of Rubabuddin Shaikh dated 18.02.2010 wherein he had stated that Nayamuddin told him that from Indore, Tulsiram Prajapati, friend of Sohrabuddin had also joined them for going to Hyderabad. Rubabuddin had further stated that when Tulsiram Prajapati was brought from , B Udaipur to Ujjain for court hearing, Tulsiram Prajapati had told him that he along with Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi had gone to Hyderabad and had stayed with K::ilimuddin in Hyderabad. 29. The statement of Azam Khan dated 26.03.2010 indicates the manner in which the abduction of Sohrabuddin and C Kausarbi was planned and executed. Azam Khan, in his statement had stated that he and Tulsiram Prajap1ti were lodged in Udaipur prison at which time Tulsiram Prajapati told him that on information given by Tulsiram Prajapati, Sohrabuddin, Kausarbi and Tulsiram were abducted from D Hyderabad. Among the entire statement of Azam Khan, the relevant part is that Tulsiram Prajapati helped in tracking down Sohrabuddin.

30. Learned senior counsel for the CBI, Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi E has pointed out that since the CBI had primarily conducted the investigation in the case of encounter of Sohrabuddin and the murder of Kausarbi, it has so far not launched a full fledged investigation into the circumstances in which Tulsiram Prajapati was killed. According to him, certain facts have come to the F notice of the CBI only as part of "larger conspiracy" with regard to which investigation was ordered by this Court and it was pointed out that full-fledged investigation by the CBI alone reveal further facts and lead to more direct evidence. Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi is right in claiming that the investigation in every criminal case G is conducted on the basis of suspicion and reason to believe and to apply the standard of proof beyond doubt at a stage when a full fledged investigation is yet to be launched. 31. It is not in dispute that it is the age-old maxim that justice must not only be done but must be seen to be done. The H fact that in the case of murder of an associate of Tulsiram NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 763 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

Prajapati, Senior police officials and a senior politician were A accused which may shake the confidence of public in investigation conducted by the State Police. If the majesty of rule of law is to be upheld and if it is to be ensured that the guilty are punished in accordance with law notwithstanding their status and authority which they might have enjoyed, it is B desirable to entrust the investigation to the CBI.

32. As stated earlier, it is the specific claim of the State of Gujarat that they have conducted a fair and impartial investigation into the killing of Tulsiram Prajapati, however, C analysis of the materials which we have already discussed show several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government. It is relevant to point out that much before the incident dated 28.12.2006 which happened in village Chappri in Banaskantha District of the State of Gujarat in which Tulsiram Prajapati was allegedly shot in an encounter while he had D opened fire on the police party, who was on the look out for him to apprehend him, after he had allegedly escaped from a running train while being taken back to Rajasthan from Gujarat where he was stated to be produced in a court proceeding, Tulsiram Prajapati lodged two complaints in written, one to the E Collector, Udaipur and another addressed to the Chairman, NHRC, New Delhi expressing the apprehension that he is likely and going to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police. In fact, on 28.12.2006, Tulsiram Prajapati has been killed in the fake encounter which has now being admitted to be a fake counter F after a gap of 3 % years. 33. In Md. Anis vs. Union of India and Ors. 1994 Supp (1) SCC 145, it has been observed by this Court that:

"5 ...... Fair and impartial investigation by an independent G agency, not involved in the controversy is the demand of public interest. If the investigation is by an agency, which is allegedly privy to the dispute, the credibility of the investigation will be doubted and that will be contrary to the public interest as well as the interest of justice ...... ." H 764 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A "2 ..... Doubts were expressed regarding fairness of investigation as it was feard that as the local police was alleged to be involved in the encounter, the investigation by an officer of the UP Cadre may not be impartial. ... " B 34. In another decision of this Court in R. S. Sodhi vs. State of UP. & Ors. 1994 Supp (1) SCC 143, the following conclusion is relevant:

"2 ...... We have perused the events that have taken place since the incidents but we are refraining from entering upon c the details thereof lest it may prejudice any party but we think that since the accusations are directed against the local police personnel it would be desirable to entrust the investigation to an independent agency like the Central Bureau of Investigation so that all concerned including the D relatives of the deceased may feel assured that· an independent agency is looking into the matter and that would lend the final outcome of the investigation credibility. However faithfully the local police may carry out the investigation, the same will lack credibility since the E allegations are against them, It is only with that in mind that we having thought it both advisable and desirable as well as in the interest of justice to entrust the investigation to the Central Bureau of Investigation forthwith and we do hope that it would complete the investigation at an early date so that those involved in the occurrences, one wayF or the other, may be brought to book. We direct accordingly ...... "

35. In both these decisions, this Court refrained from expressing any opinion on the allegations made by either side G but thought it wise to have the incident investigated by an independent agency like the CBI so that it may bear credibility. This Court felt that no matter how faithfully and honestly the local police may carry out the investigation, the same will lack credibility as allegations were directed against them. This H Court, therefore, thought it both desirable and advisable and NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 765 · [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] in the interest of justice to entrust the investigation to the CBI A so that it may complete the investigation at an early date. It was clearly stated that in so ordering no reflection either on the local police of the State Government was intended. This Court merely acted in public interest. · B

36. The above decisions and the principles stated therein have been referred to and 'followed by this c'ourt iri Rubbabuddin Sheikh (supra) wherealso it was held that considering the fact that the allegations have been leveled against higher level police officers, despite the investigation C made by the police authorities of the State of Gujarat, ordered investigation by the CBI. Without entering into the allegations leveled by either of the parties, we are of the view that it would be prudent and advisable to transfer the investigation to an independent agency. It is trite law that accused persons do not have a say in the matter of appointment of an· investigation D agency. The accused persons cannot choose as to which investigation agency must investigate the alleged offence committed by them. ' .

37. In view of our discussions and subr:nission of learned E counsel on either side and keeping in mind the earlier directions given by this Court, although, charge-sheet has been filed by the State of Gujarat after a gap of 3. Yz years after. the incident, that too after pronouncement of judgment in Rubbabudin's case and considering the nature of crime that F has been allegedly committed not by any third party but by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat, we are satisfied that the investigation conducted and concluded in the present case by the State police cannot be accepted. In view of various circumstances highlighted and in the light of the involvement of G police officials of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, itwould not be desirable to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation, accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public interest, we feel that the CBI should be directed Hto take the investigation. 766 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A Submission of Report by the CBI to this Court and subsequent monitoring.

38. The other question relates to submission of a report by the CBI to this Court and further monitoring in the case. B Though in Rubabbudin Sheikh's case (supra), this Court directed the CBI that after investigation submits a report to this Court and thereafter, further necessary orders will be passed in accordance with the said report, in view of the principles laid down in series of decisions by this Court, we are not C persuaded to accept the course relating to submission of report to this court and monitoring thereafter. (a) In Vineet Narain (supra), this Court held as under: "In case of persons against whom a prima facie case is made out and a charge-sheet is filed in the competent0 court, it is that court which will then deal with that case on merits, in accordance with law."

(b) In Sushi/ Kumar Modi (supra), this Court observed that the monitoring process in the High Court in respect of the E particular matter had come to an end with the filing of the charge-sheet in the Special Court and the matter relating to execution of the warrant issued by the Special Court against Shri Laloo Prasad Yadav was a matter only within the competence of the Special Court so that there was no occasion F for the High Court to be involved in any manner with the execution of the warrant. By relying on decision in Vineet Narain's case (supra), this Court reiterated that once a charge-sheet is filed in the competent court after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by this Court for the G purpose of making the CBI and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigating into the offences concerned comes to an end; and thereafter it is only the court in which the charge-sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused, including matters H falling within the scope of Section 173(8) of the Code. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 767 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.) (c) In M.C. Mehta (Taj Corridor Scam) vs. Union of India A and Others, (2007) 1 SCC 110, this Court again reiterated the same principle. The following conclusion is relevant:

"30. At the outset, we may state that this 9ourt has repeatedly emphasized in the above judgments that in B Supreme Court monitored cases this Court is concerned with ensuring proper and honest performance of its duty by CBI and that this Court is not concerned with the merits of the accusations in investigation, which are to be determined at the trial on the filing of the charge-sheet in C the competent court, according to the ordinary procedure prescribed by law ........ " After saying so, this Court concluded: "34. We, accordingly, direct CBI to place the evidence/ D material collected by the investigating team along with the report of the SP as required under Section 173(2) CrPC before the court/Special Judge concerned who will decide the matter in accordance with law." EThe above decisions make it clear that though this Court is competent to entrust the investigation to any independent agency, once the investigating agency complete their function of investigating into the offences, it is the Court in which the charge-sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused including matters falling within the F scope of Section 173(8) of the Code. Thus, generally, this Court may not require further monitoring of the case/investigation. However, we make it clear that if any of the parties including the CBI require any further direction, they are free to approach this Court by way of an application. G Conclusion:

39. In view of the above discussion, the Police Authorities of the Gujarat State are directed to handover all the records of H 768 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 $.C.R. A the present case to the CBI within two weeks from this date and the CBI shall investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of Tulsiram Prajapati and file a report to the concerned court/special court having jurisdiction within a period of six months from the date of taking over of the investigation from B the State Police Authorities. We also direct the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh to cooperate with the CBI Authorities in conducting the investigation .. .40. It is made clear that any observation made in this order C is only for the limited purpose of deciding the issue whether investigation is to be handed over to the CBI or not and shall not be construed as expression of opinion on the merits of the case. Though the petitioner has prayed for compensation for the killing of her son, inasmuch as we direct the CBI. to D investigate and submit a report before the court concerned/ special court within six months, depending on the outcome of the investigation, petitioner is permitted to move the said court for necessary direction for compensation and it is for the said court to pass appropriate orders in accordance with law. The E writ petition is' allowed on the .above terms. D.G. Writ petition allowed.

(2011] 5 S.C.R. '729 NARMADA BAI A v. , · STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS .. . .~ i · (Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 115 of 2007) ; - ' ~ • 1 0 ' • • \- ' ,; . , APRIL 8, 2011 ~ ' y, - ~ B [P. SATHASIVAM AND,, DR: B.5. CHAUHAN,, JJ.l .- ' ····~ ' . . . ' ; - "

Investigation/inquiry: Allegation against high police officials and senior politician - Filing of charge-sheet by the , State. agency - Writ petition seeking investigation· by C specialize<;} agency - Held: In an appropriate case, particularly, when the court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities is not in the. proper direction as the . high police officials are involved, in order to do complete justice, "it is always open· to· the Court to 'hand over the D investigation ·to an independent and specialized ·agency like the CBI even when charge sheet is submitted - lil the instant · case, the petitioner sought transfer of case 'to CBI to investigate fake encounter killing of her son (victim) -'It was the definite case of the CBI that the' abduction of 'S' and 'K; E the associate of victim and their subsequent murders as well as the murder of the victim were one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction ills. 220, Cr. P. C. and if two parts of the saine transaction were investigated and prosecuted by different agencies,; it might' F cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well - ·There was substantial material already on record which made it probable that the prime motive of elimination of victim was that he was a witness to abduction of 'S' and 'K'

- Evidence raised strong suspicion that the encounter was G fake and stage managed as predicted by victim prior to his death - Much before the incident of alleged fake encounter, complaints were lodged bY. victim in writing to the Collector and to the NHRC expressing the apprehension that he was . 729 H 730 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A likely to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police - It is the age old maxim that justice must not only be done but must be seen to be done - The fact that senior police officials and a senior politician were accused may shake the confidence of public in investigation conducted by the State Police - The s analysis of the materials showed several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government - In view of circumstances and in the light of the involvement of police officials of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, it is not desirable c to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation - Accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public interest, the CBI is directed to take over the investigation - Police Authorities of the Gujarat State are directed to handover all the records of the case to the CBI. D Criminal trial: Transfer of investigation to CBI ordered by the Supreme Court - Submission of report by CBI and subsequent monitoring - Held: Once a charge sheet is filed in the competent court after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by the Supreme Court for the E purpose of making the CBI and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigating into the offences concerned comes to an end - Thereafter it is only the court in which the charge sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused, including F matters falling within the scope of s. 173(8) Cr.P.C. In *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case, the Supreme Court directed the CBI to investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of one 'S' and his wife 'K' in a fake G encounter. In the said judgment, the court recorded that · there was strong suspicion that the third person picked up with 'S' was 'T' and a possibility of "larger conspiracy" and that killing of 'T' was part of the same conspiracy. 'T' was stated to be a key witness to the murder of 'S' and 'K'.H-·

NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 731 The petitioner in the instant writ petition was the A mother of 'T'. The grievance of the petitioner was that her son had been done away by respondent Nos. 6-19, the officials of Gujarat and Rajasthan police in a fake encounter with the ulterior intent to shield themselves in the investigation emanating under the directions of the B Supreme Court in *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case. The instant petition was filed by her under Article 32 of the Constitution praying for issuance of a writ of mandamus or in the nature thereof or any other writ, order of direction directing the CBI to register a First Information c Report and investigate into the fake encounter killing of her son and submit its report to the Supreme Court. The petitioner also prayed for compensation for the killing of her son in a fake encounter thereby causing gross violation of Articles 21 and 22 of the Constitution. D The issues which arose for consideration in the instant writ petition were whether after filing of the charge-sheet by the State agency, the court is precluded from appointing any other independent specialized agency like the CBI to go into the same issues if the E earlier investigation was not done as per the established procedure; and subject to the answer relating to the first issue whether the petitioner has made out a case for entrusting the investigation to the CBI. F

Allowing the writ petition, the Court HELD: 1.1. In an appropriC!_te case, particularly, when the Court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities is not in the proper direction as the high police officials are involved, in order to do complete G justice, it is always open to the Court to hand over the investigation to an independent and specialized agency like the CBI. It is clear from the judgment of *Rubabbuddin Sheikh case that there was a strong suspicion that·the H 732 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A 'third person' picked up with 'S' was 'T'. It was also observed that the call records of 'T' were not properly analysed and there was no. justific~tion for the then ir;ivestigating officer to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to 'T'. The Court had also B directed the CBI to unearth "larger conspiracy" regarding the murder of 'S'. In such circumstances, those observations and directions ca1:mot lightly be taken note of and it is the duty of the CBI to go into all the details as directed by this Court. [paras 11, 19) [7 47-E; 756-E-F] C *Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat & Ors., 2010 (1) SCR991 = 2010 (2) SCC 200; Vineet Narain vs. Union S~R 1053 = 1996 (2) SCC 199 - relied of India 1996. (1) on. D Union of India vs. Sushi/ Kumar Modi (1998) 8 SCC 661; Rajiv Ranjan Singh 'La/an' (Vfll) vs. Union of India 2006 (4) Suppl. SCR 742 = 2006 (6). SCC 613; Hari Singh vs.

State of U.P. 2006 (3) Suppl. SCR 59 = · 2006 (5) sec 733 ; Aleque Padamsee vs. Union of India 2007 (8) SCR 390 = E 2007 (6) SCC 171; MC. Mehta vs. Union of India 2007 (10) SCR 1060 = 2008 (1) SCC 407; R. S. Sodhi vs. State of U.P.' 1994 Supp (1) SCC 143; Ramesh Kumari vs .. State (NCT of Delhi) 2006 (2) SCR 403 = 2006 (2) sec 677; Kashmeri Devi vs. Delhi Administration 1988 Supp SCC 482; F Gudalure M.J. Cherian vs. Union of India 1991 (3) Suppl. SCR 251 = 1992 (1) SCC 397 ; Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Asson. vs. State of Punjab 1993 (3) Suppl. SCR 915 = 1994 (1) sec 616 - referred to. 1.2. In the instant case, it was the definite case of the G CBI that the abduction of 'S' and 'K' and their subsequent mµrders as well as the murder of 'T' were one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction under Section 220 of the Cr.P.C. As rightly pointed out by the CBI, if two parts of the same H

NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 733 •transaction are investigated and prosecuted by different A agencies, it may cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well. There was substantial material already on record which made it probable that' the prime motive of elimination of 'T' was that he was,a witness to abduction of 'S' and 'K'. Both oral and B documentary evidence raised strong suspicion that the encounter was fake and stage managed as predicted by 'T' prior to his death. Much before the incident of alleged fake encounter of 'T',· two· complaints were lodged in writting, one to the Collector, Udaipur and another c addressed to the Chairman; NHRC, New Delhi' expressing the apprehension that he is likely and going to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police. [Paras 23, 32] [759·B~E; 763-C"F] · _,_ · ·· . ..., , ' j ~· • i 'I i!'"' • > )'(" D'

1.3. It is the age-~!d.ir!_axim that justice must not only. be done but must be seen to be done. The fact-that in the . case of murder of an associate of 'T', senior police officials and a senior politician were accused which' may shake the confidence of public in investigation coilauctEfd' by the State Police. If the majesty of rule of law is to be E upheld and if it is to be ensured that the guilty are punished 'in accordance with law notwithstanding their' status and authority which they might have enjoyed, it is'· desirable to entrust the investigation to the CBI. It was the specific claim of the State of. Gujarat that they have. F1 conducted a fair and impartial investigation into the killin'g of 'T', however, analysis of the materials showed several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government. Therefore, without entering into the allegations leveled by either of the parties, it would be G prudent and advisable to transfer the investigation to an independent agency. It is trite law that accused persons do not have a say in the matter of appointment of an . investigation agency. The accused persons cannot· H 734 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. •A choose as to which investigation agency must investigate the alleged offence committed by them.

Although, charge-sheet has been filed by the State of Gujarat after a gap of 3 ~ years after the incident, that too after pronouncement of judgment in Rubbabudin's case B and considering the nature of crime that has been allegedly committed not by any third party but by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat, the investigation conducted and concluded in the instant case by the State police cannot be accepted. In view of various c circumstances highlighted and in the light of the involvement of police officials· of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, it would not be desirable to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation, accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public0 interest, the CBI is directed to take the investigation. [Paras 31, 32, 36, 37) [762-H; 763-A-C; 765-H] Md. Anis vs. Union of India and Ors. 1993 (1) Suppl. SCR 263 = 1994 (1) Suppl. sec 145 - relied on. E M.C. Mehta (Taj Corridor Scam) vs. Union of India and Others 2006 (9) Suppl. SCR 683 = 2007 (1) SCC 110 -referred to.

2. once a charge sheet is filed in the competent court F after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by the Supreme Court for the purpose of making the C~I and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigation into the offences concerned comes to an end and thereafter it is G only the court in which the charge sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters· relating to the trial of the accused, including matters falling within the scope of Section 173(8) Cr.P.C. [Para 38) [766-F·H] H 3. The Police Autho'rities of the Gujarat State are NARMADA BAl v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 735 directed to handover all the records of the instant case A to the CBI within two weeks from this date and the CBI shall investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of 'T' and file a report to .the concerned .court/ special court having jurisdiction within a period of six months from the date .of taking over of the investigation B from the State Police Authorities. The Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are also directed to cooperate with the CBI Authorities in conducting the investigation. Though the petitioner has prayed for compensation for the killing of her son, c inasmuch as the CBI is directed to investigate and submit a report before the court concerned/special court within six months, depending on the outcome of the investigation, petitioner is permitted to move the said court for necessary direction for compensation and it is D for the said court ·to pass appropriate orders in accordance with law. [Paras 39-40) [767-H; 768-A-Ej ~ Case Law Reference:

2010 (1) SCR 991 relied on Para 2, 13, 16, E 17, 38, 36 1996 (1) SCR 1053 relied on Para 11, 38 (1998) 8 sec 661 . referred to Para 11, 38 2006 (4) Suppl. SCR 742 referred to Para 11 F 2006 (3) Suppl. SCR 59 referred to Para 11 2007 (8) SCR 390 referred to Para 11 2007 (10) SCR 1060 referred to Para 11 G 1994 Supp (1) sec 1.43 relied on Para 11, 34 2006 (2) SCR 403 referred to Para 11 1988 Supp sec 482 referred to Para 11 H 736 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A 1991 (3) Suppl. SCR 251 referred to Para 11 1993 (3) Suppl. SCR 915 referred to Pi;ira 11 1993 (1) Suppl. SCR 263 referred to Para 33 2006 (9) Suppl. SCR 683 referred to Para 37B CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURIDICTION : Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007. · · Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. c H.P:. Rawal, ASG, Ranjeet Kumar, Ram Jethmalani, KTS Tulsi, Jaideep Gupta, Tushar Mehta, AAG, Huzefa, A. Ahmadi, Meenakshi Arora, Hemantika Wahi, Pranav Diesh, Karan Kalia, Anish K. Gupta, Subramonium Prasad, Rajat Khattry, Maheen Pradhan, A.K. Sharma, Deepak Prakash, Biju P. D Raman, Rajesh B., Malini Poduval, Bhupender Yadav, S.S. Shamashery, Debaleena Kilikdar, B. R. Barik, R.C. Kohli, Gp. Capt. Karan Singh Bhati, Jyoti Upadhyay, Rashid Khan, Padmalakshmi Nigam: Harsh N. Parekh, Sonam Anand, S.N. Terdal for the appearing parties. E

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by P. SATHASIVAM, J. 1. Narmada Bai-the petitioner herein, mother of Tulsiram Prajapati-the deceased, who, according to her, was killed on 27/28.12.2006 in a fake encounter by F respondent Nos. 6 to 19, who are the officials of Gujarat and Rajasthan Police, somewhere on the road going from Ambalimal to Sarhad Chhapri, has filed the above writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India praying for issuance of a writ of mandamus or in the nature thereof or any other writ, G order or direction directing the Central Bureau of Investigation (in short 'the CBI') to register a First Information Report (in short 'FIR') and investigate into the fake encounter killing of her son and submit its report to this Court. In the same petition, she also prayed for compensation for the killing of her son in a fake H NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 737 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] encounter thereby causing gross violation of Articles 21 and 22 A of the Constitution .

. 2. _Case_ of the Writ -Petitioner:-_ · 1- (a) According to the petitioner, she is 55 years.old illiterate widow. Her younger son had been done away by respondent'. B Nos. 6-19 in a fake encounter with the' ulterior intent to shield themselves in the investigation emanating under the directions of this Court in the· case of Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs"' State of G~jarat & Ors., (2010) 2 SCC 200.- ~he came.to know through local pe.rsotis abo~t the fake".ehco,unter, an,d killing' of- C Sohrabuddi.n· and his wife Kausarbi and ,the d_irections of this ): said incident,.Court' in that case. On- being. ' informed' . abouUhe she approached this Court for.directions to register an FIR into, the fake encounter killing of her son' :tulsiram' Prajapati and investigation by an independent agency, l_ike the CBI and for D submission of its report to this Court for further action. According to the petitioner, the fake.encounter killing of her son is directly ·connected to the case of sohrabuddin a·nd his wife Kausarbi as he would have been a material witness to the said killings. - . . ' · ' E l:' • ' ·, . .

. - (b) It is further stated that her son'TulsiramPrajapati while lodged in_ Central Jail, Ucjaipur, had addressed a letter dated _ 11.05.2006 to the Collector, Udaipur informing him about the life threatening attack carried out on him in Udaipur Central Jiiil on 25.03.2006, when he was beaten up with.iron rods and lathis F by co-prisoners. He expressly wrote that there was conspiracy to kill him along with two· others and_ a1$0 named the persons who were behind the conspiracy and requested that incident -be investigated and his life be protected. Thereafter, on~ 18.05.2006, the deceased also addressed a. letter to the G Chairman, National Human Rights Commission (in short 'NHRC') alleging that there was conspiracy among the police officials of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, etc. to do away with him in a fake encounter by cooking up a false story.of. n.mning away from custody,- In the __ said letter, the deceased H. . 738 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A specifically requested that his security be ensured whenever he is taken on remand. In the same letter, he also mentioned that the Gujarat Crime Branch and Anti Terrorist Squad (in short 'A TS') were very notorious for staging fake encounters. The NHRC acknowledged the receipt of the said letter and B forwarded a copy to the Superintendent of Police, Udaipur, Rajasthan vide letter dated 22.06.2006.

(c) Thus from March 2006, the deceased had been expressing serious apprehensions and threat to his life at the hands of the police. The deceased had reasons to believe that C Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Superintendent of Police, respondent No.8, had taken a huge sum of money from the Marble traders and dealers in Rajasthan with the assurance that he would do away with him in a fake encounter. Before he being interrogated by Ms. Geeta Johri, an officer investigating the matter of fake D encounter killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, in the night intervening 27/28 December, 2006, Tulsiram Prajapati was done away in a fake encounter by respondent Nos. 6-19. (d) Quoting from certain newspaper reports, more E particularly, the Times of India dated 29.12.2006, the petitioner has alleged that her son was being escorted by Udaipur (Rajasthan) Police from Ahmedabad to Udaipur in a train. When the train was passing through Himatnagar-Shymlaji Stretch, the deceased sought permission to go to the toilet. The policemen F escorted him to the toilet where two of his accomplices disguised as passengers attacked the policemen by throwing chilli powder in their eyes. When the policemen called for the other members of the escort party, the goons fired at them and jumped off the moving train. In response, the police opened fire G but the accused fled in the cover of darkness after shooting back at the police.

(e) Pursuant to such alleged fleeing of Tulsiram Prajapati from police custody, Mr. Dinesh Kumar, SP, Udaipur called Mr. Vipul Agarwal, SP Banaskantha and informed him of the same. H Thereafter, local police of Banaskantha headed by Mr. Vipul NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 739 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] Agarwal under direct supervision of Mr. D.G. Vanzara, Range A DIG, swung into action and registered an FIR being Crime Register No. 115 of 2006 at Ambaji Police Station; Banaskantha, on 28.12.2006 at 8.00 hrs. claiming that Tulsiram Prajapati had been killed in an encounter.

(f) It is further alleged that when patrolling was carried out, B three persons tried to stop one Matador van but the vehicle did not stop there. It has also been alleged that a police jeep of Mr. A.A. Pandya, SI w~s coming behind the Matador and the said three persons tried to stop it. On stopping the police jeep, Mr. Narayansinh Fatehsinh Chauhan, ASI recognized one of the C three persons in the light of jeep as the absconding Tulsiram Prajapati. On seeing that, the deceased took out a weapon kept in the nylon belt on his waist and fired which hit the left side of the mudguard of the police jeep and ran away in the darkness. While running, they fired at the police party in which one bullet D hit at the left shoulder of Shri A.A. Pandya, SI. It is alleged that · in self-defence Shri A.A. Pandya fired two rounds from his service revolver and Mr. Narayansinh Fatehsinh Cha.uhan and Mr. Yuddharamsinh Nathusinh Rajput, Rajasthan police constables also fired from their weapons. On account of the E firing by the police party, bullets hit Tulsiram Prajapati and he fell down on road side and the other two persons ran away and could not be traced. Thereafter, he was taken to Ambaji Cottage Hospital where he was declared dead by the doctor ond~. · F

(g) It is the further case of the petitioner that the deceased being a key eye witness to the murder of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, the team of Mr. D.G. Vanzara and others planned to do away with him to avoid his interrogation by Ms, Geet.a Johrl, ·Inspector General of Police. The aforesaid facts create G a strong suspicion on the conduct of respondent Nos. 6 to 19 and the petitioner has every reason to believe that her son-Tulsiram Prajapati has been killed by them in a fake. encounter. She also alleged that the. respondents/accused officers enjoy H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. 740 A powei'ful position in their respective State Police and are trying to obstruct further inquiry into the fake encounter killing of her son, who was a material witness in the case of fake encounter of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi. Hence, the petitioner has preferred this petition before this Court praying for direction B to CBI to register an FIR and investigate the case. 3. Stand of the State of Gujarat - respondent No.1

(a) Shri l.M. Desai, Deputy Inspector General of Police, CID (Crime), Gujarat State filed an affidavit wherein it was stated C that the present petition under Article 32 of the Constitution is not maintainable as the case registered in respect of death of the petitioner's son in police firing on 28.12 .2006 was under investigation. The Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 being a Habeas Corpus was entertained by this Court as an D exceptional case and, therefore, the same cannot be cited as a precedent. It was further stated in the said affidavit that Tulsiram Prajapati was a dreaded inter-state criminal and was also known as Tulsiram Prajapati @ Prafull @ Samir son of Ganga Ram Prajapati involved in 21 criminal cases and he was E killed on 28.12.2006 in police firing after escaping from police custody. In respect of the same, an FIR was registered in Ahmedabad Railway Police Station of Gujarat vide CR No. 294/06 under Sections 307, 224, 225, 34 of Indian Penal Code (in short "IPC") and Section 25(1)(AB) of the Arms Act, 1959 F and Section 135 of Bombay Police Act, 1951.

(b) According to the State, after escaping from the Police Custody, Tulsiram Prajapati was again confronted by Gujarat Police and Rajasthan Police and was killed in police firing for which an FIR was registered in Ambaji Police Station vide CR G No. 115 of 2006 dated 28.12.2006 under Sections 307, 427, 34 of IPC and Section 25(1)(C) of the Arms Act, 1959 and Section 135 ofthe,Bombay Police Act, 1951. Since the cases in 'respect of the above two incidents had already been registered in the Police Stations, there is no need to register H a fresh case as claimed by the petitioner. It was further stated NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF'GUJARAT AND ORS. 741 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] that Tulsiram Prajapati was not a matehal witness in the case A of SohrabUddin. He also denied that any such incident had taken place within the premises of Udaipur Central Jail as claimed by the petitioner on 25.03.200!;; but t~erE~ was a quarrel among the prisoners on. 24.03.2006 in the Court lock-up for which a criminal case was registered at Bhopalpura Police B Station in C.R.No. 131of2006 under Sections 341, 323, 506 and 34 IPC. ' ..

(c) As regards the. complaint made to the NHRC, investigation carried out so far revealed that no '.such conspiracy' C amongst the police officers of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan has come on record. The deceased · also never showed any apprehension to the petitioner about· danger. to his life from marble dealers or police. officers of Udaipur: The. petitioner's claim about Tulsiram Prajapati's apprehension to his life is at the most hearsay and based on D extraneous con~iderations. (d) The claim thafthe deceased-Tulsiram ~·Prajapati was•t highly inconvenient witness for respondent Nos. 6-19 is without substance as respondent No. 10 - Mr. V.L. Solanki, an inquiry E officer, has stated in respect of alleged killing of Sohrabuddin. that during preliminary enquiry there was· no link between Tulsiram Prajapati and the death of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi in an encounter. The same view has been expressed· by Ms. Geeta Johri, IGP under whose direct supervision the . F case relating to Sohrabuddin was investigated. The 'third; person' allegedly present at the time of abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi was Kalimuddin and not Tulsiram Prajapati. . . ,

(e) In the subsequent affidav.it dated 19.08.2010, G Dashrathbhai, R. Patel,, Under Secretary, Gqvernrnent .of Gujarat, Home Department has stated that the State CID (Crime) has filed a charge-sheet which is the subject-matter.of present writ petition. It is the consistent.stand of.the. State that the eneounter killing of Tulsiram Prajapati (subject-matter of Writ H 742 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007) has nothing to do with the killing of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi (which was the subject-matter decided by this Court in Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007). 4. Stand of Mr. Amit Shah - respondent No.2: B (a) The present writ petition is an abuse of the process of law by/at the behest of political party controlling the CBI. (b) The investigation in a criminal case normally takes place in accordance with the procedure prescribed under the c Code of Criminal Procedure (in short 'the Cr.P.C.') and by the normal investigating agency prescribed. The Constitutional Court can direct deviation from such statutorily prescribed method of investigation and direct an outside agency like the CBI to step in and investigate an offence only in extraordinary circumstances and in rarest of rare cases. The petitioner has0 not led factual foundation of facts to hold that the present case is one of the rarest of rare cases which requires deviation from the statutorily prescribed mode of investigation.

(c) On perusal of both the investigations and charge-sheet E which are filed in both the offences, it is seen that there is no credible evidence to support the view that Tulsiram Prajapati was that 'third person' and the evidence which the CBI is relying on is clearly fabricated being based on the unreliable statements of witnesses. On the other hand all available F evidence points to the fact that the 'third person' could only be Kalimuddin @ Naimuddin who is under the protection of the Andhra Pradesh Police. The CBI is seeking to take over Tulsiram Prajapati's encounter case only to fabricate the evidence and to destroy the charge-sheet filed by the Gujrat G Police in Tulsiram Prajapati's case. The status report filed by the CBI in Sohrabuddin's case that Tulsiram Prajapati was the 'third person' which is a blatant lie. Though there is no link between the two and yet the CBI is attempting to fabricate a link that does not exist. Inasmuch as the CBI which has lost all H its credibility as an independent a9ency and is being used by NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 743 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] A political party in power in the Central Government, in the A absence of any extraordinary circumstances having been shown by the petitioner in the petition no direction need be issued for handing over the investigation to the CBI and prayed for dismissal of the writ petition. B (5) Stand of the CBI - respondent No.21:

(a) The investigation conducted in R.C. No. 4(S)/2010, Special Crime Branch, Mumbai, as per the directions of this Court in its order dated 12.01.2010, vide Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 revealed that the alleged fake encounter of Tulsiram C / Prajapati on 28.12.2006 was done in order to eliminate him as he was the key witness in the criminal conspiracy of the abduction and killing of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi by the powerful and the influential accused persons. The investigation further revealed that the deceased knew that his death was D imminent at the hands of Gujarat Police in connivance with the Rajasthan Police as he was the prime witness to the said case. (b) The investigation also revealed that Tulsiram Prajapati was brought to Ahmadabad on 28.11.2006 and 12.12.2006 in E connection with the case No. 1124 of 2004 in JM Court No. 13, Ahmadabad, along with co-accused Md. Azam and around 50 police commandos were accompanied for the escort party, whereas on 25.11.2006, Tulsiram Prajapati was brought alone on police escort by Rajasthan Police from Udaipur Jail when less than five police men accompanied him. After the orders F of this Court for the investigation by this agency, it emerged that police officials of ATS, Ahmadabad were involved in the. abduction and killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife KausarbL

(c) The murder of Tulsiram Prajapati took place on G 28.12.2006, case was registered on 28. 12.2006 and Gujarat CID commenced investigation on 22.03.2007. However, even after a lapse of 3 years, no action was taken against any of the accused. As directed by this Court, only on the investigation of Tulsiram Prajapati's case, the "larger conspiracy" would be H 744 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A established .and the mandate and tasks assigned by this Court to the CBI would be accomplished both in letter and spirit towards the goal of a fair trial, upholding the rule of law. If Tulsiram Prajapati's fake encounter case is not transferred to the CBI for investigation, it may lead to issue-estoppal or res judicata against prosecution.8 Stand of the other respondents 6. As far as the officials of the Gujarat State Police are concerned, they reiterated the stand taken by the State. rv)r. · C Dinesh Kumar, S.P. Udaipur, Rajasthan-respondent No.8 has filed a separate counter affidavit denying all the allegations made by the petitioner and taking the same stand as that of the State of Gujarat and ultimately prayed for dismissal of the writ petition. ·

D 7. In the light of the above pleadings, we heard Mr. Huzefa A. Ahmadi, learned counsel for the writ petitioner, Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior counsel for the State of Gujarat (re5pondent No.1 ), Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel for Amit Shah (respondent No.2), Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned senior E counsel for the CBI, Mr. Deepak Prakash, learned counsel for respondent No.8, Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned senior counsel for respondent No.6, Gp. Capt. Karan Singh Bhati, learned counsel for respondent Nos. 12, 13 and 14 and Mr. H.P. Rawal, learned ASG for the Union of India. F · 8. The main grievance of the petitioner is that her deceased son .:.. Tulsiram Prajapati being a key witness to the murder of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi, the team of Mr. D.G. Vanzara, DIG and other officers of the State Police G planned to do away him to avoid the interrogation by Ms. Geeta Johri, IGP. The petitioner had also strong suspicion on the conduct of respondent Nos. 6-19 and has every reason to believe that her son h~.d been killed by them in a fake encounter. It is also the apprehension of the petitioner that since· H t~7 respondents/accused police officers enjoy powerful position. NARMADA f3AI v. STAIE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 745 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] '. in their respective States and they are trying t6 obstruct further A inquiry in the matter, prayed for entrusting the investigation to a specialized independent agency like the CBI.

· · , 9 . .Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior counsel for the State . of Gujarat and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel for 8 Mr. Amit Shah, respondent No.2, who, at the relevant time was the Home Minister of the State, vehemently objected the claim of the petitioner and by placing several materials submitted that inasmuch as after proper investigation the State Police has filed the charge-sheet, there is no need for further investigation by C the .CBI at this stage. They further submitted that any such direction at this stage would delay the entire prosecution. Key: Issues: 10. Keeping the above submissions in mind, we have to D first find out (a) whether after filing of the charge-sheet by the State agency, the Court is precluded from appointing any other independent specialized agency like the CBI to go into the same issues if the earlier investigation was not done as per the established procedure; and (b) subject to the answer relating E to the issue raised in (a) whether the petitioner has made out a case for entrusting the investigation to the CBI. Analysis as to issue (a): 11. The first issue i.e. (a) as in the case on hand also arose F in the case of Rubabbuddin Sheikh (supra). The factual details therein will be discussed in the later paragraphs. With regard to the similar objection as to further investigation by the CBI, this Court·considered the following cases: (i) Vineet Narain vs. Union of India, (1996) 2 SCC G 199

(ii) Union ·of India vs. Sushi/ Kumar Modi, (1998) 8 sec 661 H 746 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A (iii) Rajiv Ranjan Singh 'La/an' (VIII) vs. Union of India, (2006) 6 sec 613 (iv) Hari Singh vs. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 733 (v) Aleque Padamsee vs. Union of India, (2007) 6 B sec 111 (vi) M. C. Mehta vs. Union of India, (2008) 1 SCC 407 (vii) R.S. Sodhi vs. State of U.P., 1994 Supp(1) SCC c 143 (viii) Ramesh Kumari vs. State (NCT of Delhi}, (2006) 2 sec 677 (ix) Kashmeri Devi vs. Delhi Administration, 1988 o supp sec 482 (x) Gudalure M.J. Cherian vs. Union of India, (1992) 1 sec 397; and (xi) Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Asson. Vs. E State of Punjab, (1994) 1 SCC 616 and concluded in paragraphs 60 and 61 as under:

"60. Therefore, in view of our discussions made hereinabove, it is difficult to accept the contentions of Mr F Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the State of Gujarat that after the charge-sheet is submitted in the court in the criminal proceeding it was not open for this Court or even for the High Court to direct investigation of the case to be handed over to CBI or to any independent G agency. Therefore, it can safely be concluded that in an appropriate case when the court feels that the investigation by the police authorities is not in the proper direction and in order to do complete justice in the case and as the high police officials are involved in the said crime, it was always H open to the court to hand over the investigation to the NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 747 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] independent agency like CBI. It cannot be said that after A the charge-sheet is submitted, the court is not empowered, in an appropriate case, to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI.

61. Keeping this discussion in mind, that is to say, B in an appropriate case, the court is empowered to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI even when the charge-sheet has been submitted, we now deal with the facts of this case whether such investigation should be transferred to the CBI Authorities or any other C independent agency in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in court. On this ground, we have carefully examined the eight action taken reports submitted by the State police authorities before us and also the various materials produced and the submissions of the learned counsel for both the parties." D (Emphasis supplied) It is clear, that in an appropriate case, particularly, when the Court feels that the investigation by the State police authorities E is not in the proper direction as the high. police officials are involved, in order to do completejustice, it is always open to the Court to hand over the investigation to an independent and specialized agency like the CBI. 12. In the light of the above principles, now let us consider F the second issue (b) viz., whether the investigation relating to the encounter killing of Tulsiram Prajapati should be transferred to the CBI in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in the Court by the State Police. G

13. It is the specific stand of the writ petitioner that while considering the grievance of Rubabbuddin Sheikh about the death of his brother Sohrabuddin in a fake encounter, the present petitioner, mother of Tulsiram Prajapati also filed Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 and, the same was tagged along H 748 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A with Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007 which was filed by brother of Sohrabuddin. The cause title of the case vide Rubabbuddin Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat & Ors. (2010) 2 SCC 200 shows that Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 was heard along with Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 6 of 2007. Though at the end of the B judgment. this Court directed that Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 115 of 2007 be listed after eight weeks before an appropriate Bench. As pointed out by the learned counsel for the petitioner and the CBI, the said judgment records that there is strong suspicion that the 'third person' picked up with Sohrabuddin was c Tulsiram Prajapati. It ,was also observed that call records of Tulsiram Prajapati were not properly analyzed and there was no justification for the then investigation officer, Ms. Geeta Johri to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to Tulsiram Prajapati. In para 65, the following observations are relevant: D "65. It also appears from the charge-sheet that it identifies the third person who was taken to Disha farm as Kalimuddin. But it does not contain the details of what happened to him once he was abducted. The possibility of the third person being Tulsiram Prajap~ti cannot be· E ruled out, although the police authorities or the State had made all possible efforts to show that it was not Tulsiram. In our view, the facts surrounding his death evokes strong · suspicion that a deliberate attempt was made to destroy a human witness." · F

(Emphasis supplied) Apart from the above conclusion, after analyzing. several Action Taken Reports filed by the State and various circumstances and in view of the involvement of the high police officials of the State G in the crime therein, this Court directed the CBI to investigate all the aspects of the case relating to the killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi including the possibility of a "larger conspiracy"' H 14. Pursuant to the said direction, the CBI investigated the NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 749 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] cause of death of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi. The CBI, A in their counter affidavit, has specifically stated that as perthefr . investigation Tulsiram Prajapati was· a key witness in the murder of Sohrabuddin and he was the 'third person' who a·ccompanied Sohrabuddin from Hyderabad and killing df Tulsiram Prajapati was ·a part of the same conspiracy. It was B further stated that all the records qua Tulsiram Prajapati's case were crucial to unearth the "larger conspiracy~ regarding the Sohrabuddin's case which despite being sought were not given by the·State of Gujarat. ' · · c 15, As against the assertion of the writ petitioner and the stand of the CBI, Mr. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel appearing for respondent Nos. 1 and 2 irespectively cited several instances ahd relied oh certain materials to show that inquiry by the CBI is not warranted. They D are:

·· (i) Tulsiram Prajapati, as mentioned in the petition and in the prayer was the sharp shooter of Sohrabuddin. He was co-accused of Sohrabuddin in Hamid Lala's case and was taken · into custody only on 29.11.2005. Obviously, he had 'been E absconding till then. In other words, he had been absconding · for nearly a·year before he was arrested. After his arrest, he was lodged in Central Jail, Udaipur. While in custody; he and two. of his jail-mates addressed a letter dated .11.05.2'006 to· the Collector; Udaipur informing _him about the attack 'carried F out on them in the jail premises and they were badly injured. He did not even express a suspicion about any one who planned the attack on him. He named seven persons who had actually participated in the attack. In the said letter, he did not allege or even suspect that this dangerous assault in jail had. G anything to do with the Sohrabuddin-Kausarbi fake encounter case or that he was being eliminated because he was a witness of the murder of either Sohrabuddin or his wife. (ii), On 18.05.2006, Tuls'iram Prajapati adqressed another letter to the Chairman, NHRC, New Delhi. In this letter again, H 750 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A he did not allege that he was an eye witness and that is why he was afraid of being eliminated. He, however, did admit that he is an accused in serious cases in the State of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. What he alleged was that there was a conspiracy among the police officers of these B States to knock him out. Even the NHRC did not draw any inference. Ultimately, Tulsiram Prajapati was killed at about 8.00 a.m. on 28.12.2006. The scene of offence was within the jurisdiction of Ambaji Police Station in District Banaskantha of Gujarat. An FIR of this incident was registered on the same day c within 15 minutes. (iii) Till his death, no evidence had emerged that he had accompanied Sohrabuddin about 13 months back i.e. on 25.11.2005 to Gujarat where the encounter took place on the outskirts of Ahmedabad. D

(iv) The order of this Court in Rubabbuddin Sheikh (supra) has been made under unfortunate circumstances without hearing anybody except the State of Gujarat. It is the Union of India and Amicus who is a law officer of the Union of India that E wanted the investigation into the Sohrabuddin's case be transferred to the CBI which had been fully investigated by the State police and resulted in a charge-sheet as far back as on 16.07.2007. The main ground on which faults were found was that the investigation was the alleged failure to identify the F Andhra Pradesh Police officers and others who participated in the abduction of the couple from Hyderabad to Gujarat leading eventually to their being killed. (v) Apart from the 13 accused who had originally been charge-sheeted by the Gujarat Police as a res·ult of their G investigation, the CBI, on 23.07.2010, added the then Home Minister of Gujarat as accused No.16 and involved him in the Sohrabuddin's murder case. (vi) The CBI submitted two reports- Status Report No.1 on H 30.07.2010 and a week thereafter, they filed the charge-sheet. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 751 [P. SATHASIVAM. J.]

In pursuance of the charge-sheet, accused No.16-Amit Shah A was arrested on 25.07 .2010 and released on bail by the High Court of Gujarat on 29.10.2010. The order releasing him on bail is subject matter of challenge in SLP (Crl.) No. 9003 of 2010. The Status Report No.1, filed by the CBI before the Bench on 30.07.2010 informed the Court that Tulsiram Prajapati was B abducted along with Sohrabuddih and Kausarbi and he was handed over to the Rajasthan Police. There is no explanation as to why he was not killed along with Kausarbi or Sohrabuddin. After all, both were arch criminals jointly involved in several murderous activities all over the country. When he was spared c for 13 months and then disposed of during this time he had every opportunity to disclose that he was an eye witness of the Sohrabuddin's murder case. 16. By placing all the above details and further materials both the senior counsel submitted: D (i) By filing the charge-sheet by the Gujarat Police the State · has granted the prayer which Narmada Bai has made in her writ petition. E (ii) The persons whom she has implicated have all been charge-sheeted by the Gujarat Police. (iii) The conduct of the CBI does not inspire any confidence in this case. It has become a party to a political conspiracy. F

(iv) In the Status Report Nos. 1 and 2 filed by the CBI and submitted before the other Bench, they have already reported to the Court that the Sohrabuddin couple on their fateful journey from Hyderabad to Gujarat were accompanied by a 'third ·person' and that 'third ,person' was Tulsiram Prajapati. This is G a dishonest finding based upon some fabricated circumstances which are capable of being easily demolished. (v) The order dated 12.01.201 Ot in RL1babbuddin Sheikh (supra) is contrary to binding authorities and' no credence or H 752 •SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A value can in law be assigned to the two Status reports. The very anxiety'on the other side that this should be handed over to the CBI creates a serious apprehension about the impartiality and independence of this agency. · · Analysis as to issue (b):B

17 .. Inasmuch as the present writ petition is having a bearing on the decision of the writ petition filed by Rubabbuddin Sheikh and also the claim of the petitioner, the observations madE! therein, particularly, strong suspicion about the 'third C person' accompanied Sohrabuddin, it is but proper to advert· factual details, discussion and ultimate conclusion of this Court in Rubabbudin Sheikh's case. Acting on. a letter written by Rubabbuddin Sheikh to the Chief Justice of India about the killing of his brother Sohrabuddin Sheikh in a fake encounter D and disappearance of his sister-in-law Kausarbi at'the hands of the Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS), Gujarat Police and Rajasthan Special Task Force (RSTF), the Registry of this Court, on 21.01.2007, forwarded the letter to the Director Genera.I of Police, Gujarat for necessary action. It is further seen that after E six months, the Director.General of Police, Gujarat directed Ms. Geeia Johri, Inspector General of Police (Crime), to inquire about the facts stated in the letter. A case was registered as Enquiry No. 66 of 2006 and from 11.09,2006 to 22.01.2007, four interim reports were submitted by Mr. V.L. Solanki, Police F Inspector, working under Ms. Geeta Johri. In Writ Petition No. 6 of 2007, Rubabbuddin Sheikh prayed for direction for investigation by the CBI into the alleged abduction and fake encounter of his brother Sohrabuddin by the Gujarat Police Authorities and also prayed for registration of an offence and investigation by the CBI into the alleged encounter of one G Tulsiram Prajapati, a close associate of Sohrabuddin, who was allegedly used to locate and abduct Sohrabuddin and his wife Kasurbi, and was thus ~ material witness against the police personnel. He also prayed for production of Kausarbi, his sister-in-law. After going through various reports, arguments of the H

NARMADA BAI v. STATE, OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 753 . [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] . counsel for the writ petitioner and the State of Gujarat as well A as Solicitor General for lndig, who appeared as Amicus Curiae, this Court disposed of the writ petition by entrusting the investigation to the CBI. Eve~ before the said Bench, such move was strongly resisted by the State through their senior counsel Mr. Mu.kul Rohtagi. B

18. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned sehior counsel appearing for the respondent No. 2 in the present writ petition vehemently submitted that the entire discussion and the ultimate conclusion in Rubabbuddin Sheikh's'case is unacceptable and (10 reliance C needs to be placed on it. He also submitted that respondent No. 2 arid other police officials were not heard by the said Bench before ordering fresh investigation by the CBI. It istrue that in the said writ petition, on behalf of the respondents, the Bench heard only the counsel for the State of Gujarat, however, it is not the case of any one that the State was not given D adequate opportunity before the said. Bench. As said earlier, in fact, the State was repr~s~nted by Mr. Mukul Rolltagi, reputed senior counsel and he put forth all relevant materials highlighting the stand of the State. Inasmuch as all the police officials of the State of Gujarat including the respondent: No. 2 E in the present writ petition were part of the State in Rubabuddin Sheikh's case, we are of the view that it cannot be said that the same is not applicable to the case on hand. The following conclusion in Rubabbuddin Sheikh's case are relevant:· F

"53. It is an admitted position in the present case that the accusat.ions are. directed against the local police personnel in which the high police officials of the State of Gujarat have been made the a.ccused. Therefore, it would be proper for the writ petitioner or even the pyblic to c;ome G forward to say that if the investiga~ion carried .out by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat is done, the .writ petitioner and their family members would be highly . prejudiced a11d the investigation would also not come to an end wi.t~ proper finding and if investigation is allowed H 754 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A to be carried out by the local police authorities, we feel that all concerned including the relatives of the deceased may feel that investigation was not proper and in that circumstances it would be fit and proper that the writ petitioner and the relatives of the deceased should be B assured that an independent agency should look into the matter and that would lend the final outcome of the investigation credibility however faithfully the local police may carry out the investigation, particularly when the gross allegations have been made against the high police officials of the State of Gujarat and for which some highc police officials have already been taken into custody.

54. It is also well known that when police officials of the State were involved in the crime and in fact they are investigating the case, it would be proper and interest of D justice would be better served if the investigation is directed to be carried out by the CBI Authorities, in that case CBI Authorities would be an appropriate authority to investigate the case. E 60. Therefore, in view of our discussions made hereinabove, it is difficult to accept the contentions of Mr Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the State of Gujarat that after the charge-sheet is submitted in the court in the criminal proceeding it was not open for this Court or even for the High Court to direct investigation ofF the case to be handed over to CBI or to any independent agency. Therefore, it can safely be concluded that in an appropriate case when the court feels that the investigation by the police authorities is not in the proper direction and in order to do complete justice in the case and as the highG police officials are involved in the said crime, it was always open to the court to hand over the investigation to the independent agency like CBI. It cannot be said that after the charge-sheet is submitted, the court is not empowered, in an appropriate case, to hand over the investigation to H an independent agency like CBI. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 755 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

61. Keeping this discussion in mind, that is to say, in an A appropriate case, the court is empowered to hand over the investigation to an independent agency like CBI even when the charge-sheet has been submitted, we now deal with the facts of this case whether such investigation should be· transferred to the CBI Authorities or any other independent e . agency in spite of the fact that the charge-sheet has been submitted in court ..................................... ..

62. From a careful examination of the materials on record including the eight action taken reports submitted by the State police authorities and considering the respective C submissions of the learned Senior Counsel for the parties, we are of the view that there are large and various discrepancies in such reports and the investigation conducted by the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat and also the charge-sheet filed by the State investigating . D agency cannot be said to have run in a proper direction. It appears from the charge-sheet itself that it does not reveal the identity of police personnel of Andhra Pradesh even when it states that Sohrabuddin and two others were picked up by Gujarat Police personnel, accompanied by E seven personnel of Hyderabad Police. It also appears from . the charge-sheet that Kausarbi was taken into one of the two Tata Sumo Jeeps in which these police personnel accompanied the accused. They were not even among the people who were listed as accused. Mr Gopal F Subramanium, Additional Solicitor General for India (as he then was) was justified in making the comment that an honest investigating agency cannot plead their inability to identify seven personnel of the police force of the State.

65. It also appears from the charge-sheet that it ideritifies G the third person who was taken to Disha farm as Kalimuddin. But it does not contain the details of what happened to him ence he was abducted. The possibility of the third person being Tulsiram Prajapati cannot be H 756 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A ruled out, although the police authorities or the State had made all possible efforts to show that it was not Tulsiram. In our view, the facts surrounding his death evokes strong suspicion that a deliberate attempt was made to destroy a human witness. B 68. From the above factual discrepancies appearing in the eight action taken reports and from the charge-sheet, we, therefore, feel that the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat had failed to carry out a fair and impartial c investigation as we initially wanted them to do. It cannot be questioned that the offences the high police officials have committed were of grave nature which needs to be · strictly dealt with." A~er arriving at such conclusion, the Bench directed the CBI D to jnvestigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi including the alleged possibility of a "larger conspiracy".

19. It is clear that the above judgment records that there was a strong suspicion that the 'third person' picked up with E Sohrabuddin was Tulsiram Prajapati. It was also observed that the call records ofTulsiram were not properly analyzed and there was no justification for the then Investigation Officer:-- Ms. Geeta Johri to have walked out of the investigation pertaining to Tulsiram Prajapati. The Court had also directed the CBI to F unearth "larger conspiracy" regarding the Sohrabuddin's murder. In such circumstances, we are of the view that those observations and directions cannot lightly be taken note of and it is the duty of the CBI to go into all the details as directed by this Court. G . 20. Countering the stand of the petitioner, CBI and Union of India, the State and other respondents projected the case relating to Navrangpura which took place on 08.12.2004. The scene of offence was the office premises of a firm called H · Popular Builders owned by two Patel brothers - Raman Patel NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 757 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.)

and Dashrath Patel. Some unknown persons entered into the A premises and they did not kill anyone but they fired shots which damaged the computer installed in the office. An employee of the firm, who was sitting on the ground floor, where the incident took place, lodged an FIR with the Navrangpura Police Station on 08.12.2004 in the city of Ahmedabad. The FIR did not name B any one of the assailant, however, it was then discovered that the FIR was substantially a false one and the suspects were known and yet had not been named. As a result of fresh discovery made during the course of investigation, it was Patel Brothers who were ultimately charge-sheeted for filing a false c case. The second case is Hamid· Lala murder case in Which one Hamid Lala, a protector of marble dealers of Rajasthan against criminal extortion by Sohrabuddin gang was shot dead at a place within the jurisdiction of Ambaji Police Station, Udaipur in the State of Rajasthan. This incident took place on D 31.12.2004. It is a fact that Sohra,buddin after committing Hamid Lala's murder absconded and was not available to the Rajasthan Police. Later, it came to the knowledge of the investigating authorities that he had been hiding in a village of Madhya Pradesh. In the Hamid Lala· murder case, Sohrabuddin's co-accused were Tulsiram Prajapati, Sylvester E and one Azamkhan. It was fUrther pointed out that one Kalimuddin @ Naimuddin another,notorious criminal wanted. in many serious cases was residing in the State of Andhra Pradesh along with his sister Saleema Begum. They were Facting as informers of the Andhra Pradesh Police and they were under their protection. Saleema Begum was residing in Government Railway Quarters. It was Kalimuddin, who seems to have approached by somebody who invited Sohrabuddin and his wife Kausarbi from their hide out in Madhya Pradesh to Hyderabad. This happened in the middle of November, 2005. G It was further highlighted that on or about 22.11.2005, Sohrabuddin and .his wife Kausarbi left by a luxury bus for Sangli in Maharashtra, Two tickets for the bus journey were purchased by one Sri Hari. The bus was pursued by police vehicle, two of ''"· them were in Tata Sumo vehicles belonging to the Andhra H

758 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R. A Pradesh Police. They were driven by two drivers in the employment of police being ordinary policemen. The Andhra Pradesh police officers who sat in these two vehicles have not been identified despite investigation both by the Gujarat Police as well as later by the CBI. Sohrabuddin was done to death in B an encounter with the police in the early morning of 26.11.2005. In the eventual charge-sheet filed by the Gujarat Police on 16.07.2007 against 13 persons it was reported that the encounter was a fake one. It is the definite case of the respondent No. 2 that the preliminary enquiry was first c registered on 27.06.2006. In the charge-sheet filed on 16.07.2007, the Gujarat Police found no evidence of any kind to implicate the respondent No. 2-Amit Shah.

21. Mr. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel pointed out that the Gujarat Police while D investigating Sohrabuddin's murder case had conducted a good part of investigation in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The Andhra Pradesh Police, however, was determined to yield no clue whatsoever about the role of the State police in the murder. Ms. Geeta Johri, the head of the Gujarat Investigating Chief had E interrogated the potential witnesses but she drew a blank. She was not provided with more materials such as Vehicle Entry Register for further investigation. The Gujarat police headed by Ms. Johri had come to the conclusion that it was possible that the couple was accompanied by a 'third person' and in all F probability that person was Kalimuddin, who had succeeded in getting the couple from Madhya Pradesh to Hyderabad and he handed over the couple to the murdering team which certainly included the Andhra Pradesh officers. G 22. According to the learned senior counsel, from all the details particularly, the charge-sheet filed by the Gujarat Police which included even senior police officers as accused, there is no need for further investigation by the CBI. Even otherwise, according to them, the conduct of the CBI does not inspire any confidence in this case. It has become party to a political H NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 759 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

conspiracy and acting as subordinate police force of the A Central Government in sensitive cases having political implications.

23. If we analyze the allegations of the State and other respondents with reference to the materials placed with the B stand taken by the CBI, it would be difficult to accept it in its entirety. It is the definite case of the CBI that the abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi and their subsequent murders as well as the murder of Tulsiram Prajapati are one series of acts, so connected together as to form the same transaction under Section 220 of the Cr.P.C. As rightly pointed out by the CBI, if C two parts of the same transaction are investigated and prosecuted by different agencies, it may cause failure of justice not only in one case but in other trial as well. It is further seen that there is substantial material already on record which makes it probable that the prime motive of elimination of Tulsiram D Prajapati was that he was a witness to abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi. Both oral and documentary evidence raise strong suspicion that the encounter was fake and stage managed as predicted by Tulsiram Prajapati prior to his death in a number of communications. We have already E adverted to his complaint to the District Collector, Udaipur, Rajasthan and representation to the NHRC, New Delhi. In both the representations Tulsiram Prajapati highlighted about the danger to his life. In fact, the NHRC forwarded his representation to the Director General of Police, Gujarat for F necessary action.

24. It is relevant to point out the letter of Shri V.L. Solanki dated 18.12.2006 seeking permission to interrogate Tulsiram Prajapati and Sylvester lodged in Udaipur Jail. With regard to G the letter, Ms. Geeta Johri, Head of SIT, is alleged to have recorded that even she may be given permission to accompany the 1.0. for interrogation. It was pointed out by the CBI that the letter of Shri V.L. Solanki containing the signature of Ms. Geeta Johri was not found in the official file. In its place, it was pointed H 760 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2011] 5 S.C.R. A out that a fabricated note dated 05.01.2007 along with a noting of Shri G.C.Raigar dated 06.01/08.01.2007 was found in the file in which it was recorded as under: "To go to Udaipur to interrogate accused Sylvester and Tulsiram Prajapati (both being allegedly primary witnessesB in the case) of whom Tulsi was recently encountered at BK by border range."

If we compare the note and the above record of statement, it shows that each one is self contradictory, more particularly, the C note seeks to interrogate the dead man. It also cannot be ruled out that the stand taken by the CBI that as soon as the State police learnt about the direction of investigation by Ms. Geeta Johri, immediate pre-emptive steps have been taken to eliminate Tulsiram Prajapati. The CBI has pointed out that the D critical document is the note dated 22.05.2007 in the handwriting of Ms. Geeta Johri which records as under: "There is a systematic effort on the part of the State Government supporting the police to tamper with witnesses and evidences .... ."E It was pointed out that the words "State Government supporting" are sought to be struck off and are substituted by "certain agencies including" in place of "State Government supporting". This was pointed out as a direct evidence of systematic effort F of the State Government attempting to tamper with the witnesses and evidences. The CBI has also pointed out that Ms.Geeta Johri in her note dated 22.05.2007 recorded that " ... the Government may please therefore be moved to handover the case to the CBI for the purpose of metingG out justice to the petitioners and maintaining the image of Gujarat Police .. ."

It is relevant to point out that the FIR recorded by the Gujarat Police in Sohrabuddin's case claimed it to be an encounter H death and it was only on the intervention and issuance of rule NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 761 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] nisi by this Court and filing of eight Action Taken Reports, the . A SIT informed this Cdurt that it was a fake encounter and identified the police officials. 25. Apart from the above vital information, it is useful to refer that even after the transfer of Sohrabuddin's case to the B CBI ori 12.01.2010, the Gujarat Police did not move till May, 2010. The first arrest in the Tulsiram Prajapti was made in May, 2010. Further, when the CBI laid charge-sheet on 23.07.2010 in Sohrabuddin's case, the State promptly concluded its investigation and filed charge-sheet in Tulsiram Prajapati's case C on 30.07.2010. It was also pointed out that this was done only because after repeated requests the Gujarat Police handed over the copies of notes, diaries i.n Tulsiram Prajapati's case to the CBI in the month of May, 2010.

26. Another important aspect is that on earlier occasions,· D Tulsiram Prajapti was produced before the Court in Ahmedabad through video conferencing and he was removed ·· from jail on 27.12.2006 and produced before a Court, when ultimately, on 28.12.2006 i.e. the next day, he was killed. E 27. According to the CBI, the investigation has revealed that Tulsiram Prajapati was the 'third person' accompanying Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi on the fateful night of their abduction and subsequent murders in the year 2005. The investigation further revealed that after the abduction of Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi, police personnel of Rajasthan had taken away F Tulsiram Prajapati from Valsad on 23.11.2005. However, it was pointed out by the CBI that he was shown to have been arrested on 29.11.2005 at Bhilwara by the Rajasthan Police. 28, Nayamuddin Shaikh, in his statement dated G 19.02.2010, before the CBI has mentioned that they had gone to see off his brother. Sohrabuddin, Kausarbi and Tulsiram Prajapati from Indore bus stand for Hyderabad and that Sohrabuddin had told him that they would be staying with Kalimuddin in Hyderabad. The above statement of Nayamuddin H 762 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 5 S.C.R.

A Shaikh is corroborated by the statement of Rubabuddin Shaikh dated 18.02.2010 wherein he had stated that Nayamuddin told him that from Indore, Tulsiram Prajapati, friend of Sohrabuddin had also joined them for going to Hyderabad. Rubabuddin had further stated that when Tulsiram Prajapati was brought from , B Udaipur to Ujjain for court hearing, Tulsiram Prajapati had told him that he along with Sohrabuddin and Kausarbi had gone to Hyderabad and had stayed with K::ilimuddin in Hyderabad. 29. The statement of Azam Khan dated 26.03.2010 indicates the manner in which the abduction of Sohrabuddin and C Kausarbi was planned and executed. Azam Khan, in his statement had stated that he and Tulsiram Prajap1ti were lodged in Udaipur prison at which time Tulsiram Prajapati told him that on information given by Tulsiram Prajapati, Sohrabuddin, Kausarbi and Tulsiram were abducted from D Hyderabad. Among the entire statement of Azam Khan, the relevant part is that Tulsiram Prajapati helped in tracking down Sohrabuddin.

30. Learned senior counsel for the CBI, Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi E has pointed out that since the CBI had primarily conducted the investigation in the case of encounter of Sohrabuddin and the murder of Kausarbi, it has so far not launched a full fledged investigation into the circumstances in which Tulsiram Prajapati was killed. According to him, certain facts have come to the F notice of the CBI only as part of "larger conspiracy" with regard to which investigation was ordered by this Court and it was pointed out that full-fledged investigation by the CBI alone reveal further facts and lead to more direct evidence. Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi is right in claiming that the investigation in every criminal case G is conducted on the basis of suspicion and reason to believe and to apply the standard of proof beyond doubt at a stage when a full fledged investigation is yet to be launched. 31. It is not in dispute that it is the age-old maxim that justice must not only be done but must be seen to be done. The H fact that in the case of murder of an associate of Tulsiram NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 763 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

Prajapati, Senior police officials and a senior politician were A accused which may shake the confidence of public in investigation conducted by the State Police. If the majesty of rule of law is to be upheld and if it is to be ensured that the guilty are punished in accordance with law notwithstanding their status and authority which they might have enjoyed, it is B desirable to entrust the investigation to the CBI.

32. As stated earlier, it is the specific claim of the State of Gujarat that they have conducted a fair and impartial investigation into the killing of Tulsiram Prajapati, however, C analysis of the materials which we have already discussed show several lacuna on the part of the investigation by the State Government. It is relevant to point out that much before the incident dated 28.12.2006 which happened in village Chappri in Banaskantha District of the State of Gujarat in which Tulsiram Prajapati was allegedly shot in an encounter while he had D opened fire on the police party, who was on the look out for him to apprehend him, after he had allegedly escaped from a running train while being taken back to Rajasthan from Gujarat where he was stated to be produced in a court proceeding, Tulsiram Prajapati lodged two complaints in written, one to the E Collector, Udaipur and another addressed to the Chairman, NHRC, New Delhi expressing the apprehension that he is likely and going to be killed by Gujarat and Rajasthan police. In fact, on 28.12.2006, Tulsiram Prajapati has been killed in the fake encounter which has now being admitted to be a fake counter F after a gap of 3 % years. 33. In Md. Anis vs. Union of India and Ors. 1994 Supp (1) SCC 145, it has been observed by this Court that:

"5 ...... Fair and impartial investigation by an independent G agency, not involved in the controversy is the demand of public interest. If the investigation is by an agency, which is allegedly privy to the dispute, the credibility of the investigation will be doubted and that will be contrary to the public interest as well as the interest of justice ...... ." H 764 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A "2 ..... Doubts were expressed regarding fairness of investigation as it was feard that as the local police was alleged to be involved in the encounter, the investigation by an officer of the UP Cadre may not be impartial. ... " B 34. In another decision of this Court in R. S. Sodhi vs. State of UP. & Ors. 1994 Supp (1) SCC 143, the following conclusion is relevant:

"2 ...... We have perused the events that have taken place since the incidents but we are refraining from entering upon c the details thereof lest it may prejudice any party but we think that since the accusations are directed against the local police personnel it would be desirable to entrust the investigation to an independent agency like the Central Bureau of Investigation so that all concerned including the D relatives of the deceased may feel assured that· an independent agency is looking into the matter and that would lend the final outcome of the investigation credibility. However faithfully the local police may carry out the investigation, the same will lack credibility since the E allegations are against them, It is only with that in mind that we having thought it both advisable and desirable as well as in the interest of justice to entrust the investigation to the Central Bureau of Investigation forthwith and we do hope that it would complete the investigation at an early date so that those involved in the occurrences, one wayF or the other, may be brought to book. We direct accordingly ...... "

35. In both these decisions, this Court refrained from expressing any opinion on the allegations made by either side G but thought it wise to have the incident investigated by an independent agency like the CBI so that it may bear credibility. This Court felt that no matter how faithfully and honestly the local police may carry out the investigation, the same will lack credibility as allegations were directed against them. This H Court, therefore, thought it both desirable and advisable and NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 765 · [P. SATHASIVAM, J.] in the interest of justice to entrust the investigation to the CBI A so that it may complete the investigation at an early date. It was clearly stated that in so ordering no reflection either on the local police of the State Government was intended. This Court merely acted in public interest. · B

36. The above decisions and the principles stated therein have been referred to and 'followed by this c'ourt iri Rubbabuddin Sheikh (supra) wherealso it was held that considering the fact that the allegations have been leveled against higher level police officers, despite the investigation C made by the police authorities of the State of Gujarat, ordered investigation by the CBI. Without entering into the allegations leveled by either of the parties, we are of the view that it would be prudent and advisable to transfer the investigation to an independent agency. It is trite law that accused persons do not have a say in the matter of appointment of an· investigation D agency. The accused persons cannot choose as to which investigation agency must investigate the alleged offence committed by them. ' .

37. In view of our discussions and subr:nission of learned E counsel on either side and keeping in mind the earlier directions given by this Court, although, charge-sheet has been filed by the State of Gujarat after a gap of 3. Yz years after. the incident, that too after pronouncement of judgment in Rubbabudin's case and considering the nature of crime that F has been allegedly committed not by any third party but by the police personnel of the State of Gujarat, we are satisfied that the investigation conducted and concluded in the present case by the State police cannot be accepted. In view of various circumstances highlighted and in the light of the involvement of G police officials of the State of Gujarat and police officers of two other States, i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, itwould not be desirable to allow the Gujarat State Police to continue with the investigation, accordingly, to meet the ends of justice and in the public interest, we feel that the CBI should be directed Hto take the investigation. 766 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 S.C.R. A Submission of Report by the CBI to this Court and subsequent monitoring.

38. The other question relates to submission of a report by the CBI to this Court and further monitoring in the case. B Though in Rubabbudin Sheikh's case (supra), this Court directed the CBI that after investigation submits a report to this Court and thereafter, further necessary orders will be passed in accordance with the said report, in view of the principles laid down in series of decisions by this Court, we are not C persuaded to accept the course relating to submission of report to this court and monitoring thereafter. (a) In Vineet Narain (supra), this Court held as under: "In case of persons against whom a prima facie case is made out and a charge-sheet is filed in the competent0 court, it is that court which will then deal with that case on merits, in accordance with law."

(b) In Sushi/ Kumar Modi (supra), this Court observed that the monitoring process in the High Court in respect of the E particular matter had come to an end with the filing of the charge-sheet in the Special Court and the matter relating to execution of the warrant issued by the Special Court against Shri Laloo Prasad Yadav was a matter only within the competence of the Special Court so that there was no occasion F for the High Court to be involved in any manner with the execution of the warrant. By relying on decision in Vineet Narain's case (supra), this Court reiterated that once a charge-sheet is filed in the competent court after completion of the investigation, the process of monitoring by this Court for the G purpose of making the CBI and other investigating agencies concerned perform their function of investigating into the offences concerned comes to an end; and thereafter it is only the court in which the charge-sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused, including matters H falling within the scope of Section 173(8) of the Code. NARMADA BAI v. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ORS. 767 [P. SATHASIVAM, J.) (c) In M.C. Mehta (Taj Corridor Scam) vs. Union of India A and Others, (2007) 1 SCC 110, this Court again reiterated the same principle. The following conclusion is relevant:

"30. At the outset, we may state that this 9ourt has repeatedly emphasized in the above judgments that in B Supreme Court monitored cases this Court is concerned with ensuring proper and honest performance of its duty by CBI and that this Court is not concerned with the merits of the accusations in investigation, which are to be determined at the trial on the filing of the charge-sheet in C the competent court, according to the ordinary procedure prescribed by law ........ " After saying so, this Court concluded: "34. We, accordingly, direct CBI to place the evidence/ D material collected by the investigating team along with the report of the SP as required under Section 173(2) CrPC before the court/Special Judge concerned who will decide the matter in accordance with law." EThe above decisions make it clear that though this Court is competent to entrust the investigation to any independent agency, once the investigating agency complete their function of investigating into the offences, it is the Court in which the charge-sheet is filed which is to deal with all matters relating to the trial of the accused including matters falling within the F scope of Section 173(8) of the Code. Thus, generally, this Court may not require further monitoring of the case/investigation. However, we make it clear that if any of the parties including the CBI require any further direction, they are free to approach this Court by way of an application. G Conclusion:

39. In view of the above discussion, the Police Authorities of the Gujarat State are directed to handover all the records of H 768 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 5 $.C.R. A the present case to the CBI within two weeks from this date and the CBI shall investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of Tulsiram Prajapati and file a report to the concerned court/special court having jurisdiction within a period of six months from the date of taking over of the investigation from B the State Police Authorities. We also direct the Police Authorities of the State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh to cooperate with the CBI Authorities in conducting the investigation .. .40. It is made clear that any observation made in this order C is only for the limited purpose of deciding the issue whether investigation is to be handed over to the CBI or not and shall not be construed as expression of opinion on the merits of the case. Though the petitioner has prayed for compensation for the killing of her son, inasmuch as we direct the CBI. to D investigate and submit a report before the court concerned/ special court within six months, depending on the outcome of the investigation, petitioner is permitted to move the said court for necessary direction for compensation and it is for the said court to pass appropriate orders in accordance with law. The E writ petition is' allowed on the .above terms. D.G. Writ petition allowed.