Principle

Presumption under Section 139 includes existence of legally enforceable debt; reverse burden of proof shifts to accused on standard of preponderance of probabilities.

Connected provisions and cases

• interpretsThe Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 · Section 139

Judgment text

Full judgment text is not available in this record.

Principle

Presumption under Section 139 includes existence of legally enforceable debt; reverse burden of proof shifts to accused on standard of preponderance of probabilities.

Connected provisions and cases

• interpretsThe Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 · Section 139

Judgment text

Full judgment text is not available in this record.