परक्राम्य लिखत अधिनियम, 1881

The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

परक्राम्य लिखत अधिनियम, 1881 (The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881) की सभी धाराएँ हिंदी और अंग्रेज़ी में पढ़ें। सम्पूर्ण पाठ — सरकारी राजपत्र से सत्यापित।

विवरण (Description)

An Act to define and amend the law relating to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques.

धाराएँ / Sections (155)

धारा 1— Short title.
धारा 10— ''Payment in due course''.
धारा 100— Protest.
धारा 101— Contents of protest.
धारा 102— Notice of protest.
धारा 103— Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance.
धारा 104— Protest of foreign bills.
धारा 104A— When noting equivalent to protest.
धारा 105— Reasonable time.
धारा 106— Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour.
धारा 107— Reasonable time for transmitting such notice.
धारा 108— Acceptance for honour.
धारा 109— How acceptance for honour must be made.
धारा 11— Inland instrument.
धारा 110— Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made.
धारा 111— Liability of acceptor for honour.
धारा 112— When acceptor for honour may be charged.
धारा 113— Payment for honour.
धारा 114— Right of payer for honour.
धारा 115— Drawee in case of need.
धारा 116— Acceptance and payment without protest.
धारा 117— Rules as to compensation.
धारा 118— Presumptions as to negotiable instruments.
धारा 119— Presumption on proof of protest.
धारा 12— Foreign instrument.
धारा 120— Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument.
धारा 121— Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse.
धारा 122— Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party.
धारा 123— Cheque crossed generally.
धारा 124— Cheque crossed specially.
धारा 125— Crossing after issue.
धारा 126— Payment of cheque crossed generally.
धारा 127— Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once.
धारा 128— Payment in due course of crossed cheque.
धारा 129— Payment of crossed cheque out of due course.
धारा 13— ''Negotiable instrument''.
धारा 130— Cheque bearing ''not negotiable''.
धारा 131— Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque.
धारा 131A— Application of Chapter to drafts.
धारा 132— Set of bills.
धारा 133— Holder of first acquired part entitled to.
धारा 134— Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument.
धारा 135— Law of place of payment governs dishonour.
धारा 136— Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India.
धारा 137— Presumption as to foreign law.
धारा 138— Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account.
धारा 139— Presumption in favour of holder.
धारा 14— Negotiation.
धारा 140— Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138.
धारा 141— Offences by companies.
धारा 142— Cognizance of offences.
धारा 142A— Validation for transfer of pending cases.
धारा 143— Power of Court to try cases summarily.
धारा 143A— Power to direct interim compensation.
धारा 144— Mode of service of summons.
धारा 145— Evidence on affidavit.
धारा 146— Bank's slip prima facie evidence of certain facts.
धारा 147— Offences to be compoundable.
धारा 148— Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction.
धारा 15— Indorsement.
धारा 16— Indorsement ''in blank'' and ''in full''.
धारा 17— Ambiguous instruments.
धारा 18— Where amount is stated differently in figures and words.
धारा 19— Instruments payable on demand.
धारा 2— [Repealed.].
धारा 20— Inchoate stamped instruments.
धारा 21— ''At sight''.
धारा 22— ''Maturity''.
धारा 23— Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight.
धारा 24— Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight.
धारा 25— When day of maturity is a holiday.
धारा 26— Capacity to make, etc., promissory notes, etc.
धारा 27— Agency.
धारा 28— Liability of agent signing.
धारा 29— Liability of legal representative signing.
धारा 3— Interpretation-clause.
धारा 30— Liability of drawer.
धारा 31— Liability of drawee of cheque.
धारा 32— Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill.
धारा 33— Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour.
धारा 34— Acceptance by several drawees not partners.
धारा 35— Liability of indorser.
धारा 36— Liability of prior parties to holder in due course.
धारा 37— Maker, drawer and acceptor principals.
धारा 38— Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party.
धारा 39— Suretyship.
धारा 4— ''Promissory note''.
धारा 40— Discharge of indorser's liability.
धारा 41— Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged.
धारा 42— Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name.
धारा 43— Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration.
धारा 44— Partial absence or failure of money-consideration.
धारा 45— Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money.
धारा 45A— Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill.
धारा 46— Delivery.
धारा 47— Negotiation by delivery.
धारा 48— Negotiation by indorsement.
धारा 49— Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
धारा 5— ''Bill of exchange''.
धारा 50— Effect of indorsement.
धारा 51— Who may negotiate.
धारा 52— Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional.
धारा 53— Holder deriving title from holder in due course.
धारा 54— Instrument indorsed in blank.
धारा 55— Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
धारा 56— Indorsement for part of sum due.
धारा 57— Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased.
धारा 58— Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration.
धारा 59— Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue.
धारा 6— ''Cheque''.
धारा 60— Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction.
धारा 61— Presentment for acceptance.
धारा 62— Presentment of promissory note for sight.
धारा 63— Drawee's time for deliberation.
धारा 64— Presentment for payment.
धारा 65— Hours for presentment.
धारा 66— Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight.
धारा 67— Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments.
धारा 68— Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere.
धारा 69— Instrument payable at specified place.
धारा 7— ''Drawer.''
धारा 70— Presentment where no exclusive place specified.
धारा 71— Presentment when maker, etc., has no known place of business or residence.
धारा 72— Presentment of cheque to charge drawer.
धारा 73— Presentment of cheque to charge any other person.
धारा 74— Presentment of instrument payable on demand.
धारा 75— Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent.
धारा 75A— Excuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment.
धारा 76— When presentment unnecessary.
धारा 77— Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment.
धारा 78— To whom payment should be made.
धारा 79— Interest when rate specified.
धारा 8— ''Holder''.
धारा 80— Interest when no rate specified.
धारा 81— Delivery of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss.
धारा 82— Discharge from liability.
धारा 83— Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept.
धारा 84— When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby.
धारा 85— Cheque payable to order.
धारा 85A— Drafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order.
धारा 86— Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance.
धारा 87— Effect of material alteration.
धारा 88— Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration.
धारा 89— Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent.
धारा 9— ''Holder in due course''.
धारा 90— Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands.
धारा 91— Dishonour by non-acceptance.
धारा 92— Dishonour by non-payment.
धारा 93— By and to whom notice should be given.
धारा 94— Mode in which notice may be given.
धारा 95— Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour.
धारा 96— Agent for presentment.
धारा 97— When party to whom notice given is dead.
धारा 98— When notice of dishonour is unnecessary.
धारा 99— Noting.

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