Section 54: Proof of facts by oral evidence

Q: What is धारा 54 BSA?

धारा 54 BSA is the Devanagari Hindi reference for Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) governs proof of facts by oral evidence. This section replaces Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), effective from 1 July 2024. As verified on 21 May 2026.

Q: What is Dhara 54 BSA?

Dhara 54 BSA is the Roman Hindi reference for Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. "Dhara" means "Section" in Hindi. Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) governs proof of facts by oral evidence. This section replaces Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), effective from 1 July 2024. As verified on 21 May 2026.

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Friday, 22 May 2026

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Table of Contents

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Chapter IV — Of Oral Evidence

Section 54

Proof of facts by oral evidence

Quick Answer

What is Section 54 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)?

Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) pertains to “Proof of facts by oral evidence”. Also referred to as Dhara 54 BSA or BSA Sec 54.

Act: Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Section

54 – Proof of facts by oral evidence

Chapter

Chapter IV — Of Oral Evidence

Status

● In Force

Jurisdiction

Republic of India

Hindi

धारा 54 BSADhara 54 BSA

Verified by editorial team on Pending · Last system check: 21 May 2026

Reviewed by LOTS Editorial Board · Last verified 21 May 2026

Key Facts & Information

Enactment DateUnknown

Scope & ContextThis provision forms part of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.

New LawEffective 1 July 2024

Replaces

IEA §60

Indian Evidence Act, 1872

This Section

BSA §54

Section 54

Section 54 of the BSA replaces Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), effective from 1 July 2024. This is part of India's comprehensive criminal law reform.

Read old IEA →📊 Compare BSA §54 vs IEA §60

All facts, except the contents of documents or electronic records, may be proved by oral evidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Section 54 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deal with?

Section 54 BSA pertains to "Proof of facts by oral evidence". It is part of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, a legislation enacted by the Parliament of India.

Is Section 54 BSA still in force?

Yes, Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 is currently in force across the Republic of India.

What is Dhara 54 BSA in Hindi?

Dhara 54 BSA is the Hindi reference for Section 54 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. "Dhara" (धारा) means "Section" in Hindi legal terminology.

Which old section does Section 54 BSA replace?

Section 54 replaces Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), effective from 1 July 2024.

How to cite Section 54 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023?

Cite as: "Section 54, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)" in legal briefs. For academic writing, use the BlueBook format.

Related Sections

§53

Facts admitted need not be proved

BSA

§55

Oral evidence must be direct

BSA

§60

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Section 60

↗ New LawIEA

Printed from Law on Tips • Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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